Text als Daten: Extraktion von Variablen mittels LSTM-Netzwerken

Dieser Artikel stellt eine neue Methode vor, die Text direkt in quantitative Variablen umwandelt. Mithilfe von neuronalen Netzwerken des Typs „Long Short-Term Memory“ (LSTM, Hochreiter und Schmidhuber 1997) nach Komninos und Manandhar (2016) kann sie latente Informationen aus Text in nominal-skalierte Variablen überführen. Wir testen unsere Methode mit einer Fallstudie und untersuchen, ob weiblich gelesene Personen seltener handeln als männlich gelesene Personen (vgl. auch Garg et al. 2018). Wir können zeigen, dass weiblich gelesene Personen insgesamt seltener als Akteure in Erscheinung treten als männlich gelesene. Diese ersten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es mit diesem Ansatz möglich ist, Text automatisiert in Daten umzuwandeln und somit neue Wege für die quantitative Sozialforschung zu eröffnen

What Drives Anti-Immigrant Sentiments Online? A Novel Approach Using Twitter

Most studies use survey data to study peoples prejudiced views. In a digitally connected world, research is needed on out-group sentiments expressed online. In this study, we show how one can elaborate on existing sociological theories (i.e. group threat theory, contact theory) to test whether anti-immigrant sentiments expressed on Twitter are related to sociological conditions. We introduce and illustrate a new method of collecting data on online sentiments, creating a panel of 28,000 Twitter users in 39 regions in the United Kingdom. We apply automated text analysis to quantify anti-immigrant sentiments of 500,000 tweets over a 1-year period. In line with group threat theory, we find that people tweet more negatively about immigrants in periods following more salient coverage of immigration in the news. We find this association both for national news coverage, and for the salience of immigration in the personalized set of outlets people follow on Twitter. In support of contact theory, we find evidence to suggest that Twitter users living in areas with more non-western immigrants, and those who follow a more ethnically diverse group of people, tweet less negatively about immigrants

Treatment of mesial occlusion with forward displacement of the lower jaw in preschool children. Description of the clinical case

The scientific research is dedicated to studying of treatment problems of mesial malocclusion with the anterior mandible shift among preschool aged children (in the period of temporary dentition). The point of the study is to demonstrate the effect of treating mesial malocclusion associated with the mandible anterior shift and reverse overjet in a clinical case description. During the research of a clinical case long term results were analyzed. The method of treating mesial malocclusion associated with the mandible anterior shift and reverse overjet included usage of the original appliance. The appliance was also supposed to lead to harmonic development of a child’s oro-facial area. The analysis showed advantages of the suggested original orthodontic appliance. The malocclusion was corrected in a short time (3 months), that let us develop physiological jaws and teeth arches relationships and to resolve mandible side shifting before the central incisors erupted. During the eruption permanent incisors take their place and establish the proper overjet, that creates physiological conditions for harmonic oro-facial development. The result is stable over time. The appliance is easy to use and to adapt by children and has a good fixation in oral cavity. Thus, the suggested orthodontic appliance could be recommended for treatment of mesial malocclusion associated with the mandible anterior shifting among preschool aged children

Online activity of mosques and Muslims in the Netherlands : A study of Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter

Research on Muslim minorities in western societies has mainly focused on offline behavior, such as mosque attendance, whereas little is known about their presence in the online world. This study explores the online visibility and activities of all (478) mosques in the Netherlands. We collected data on personal websites and four social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube). The majority of mosques have a website (52%) and an account on Facebook (61%). Less often used are Twitter (17%), Instagram (17%) and YouTube (19%). On social media platforms, mosques strongly differ in their activity and number of followers. We find evidence to suggest that Salafist mosques, which tend to have a strict ideology, are more active on Twitter and YouTube, and also attract a larger share of followers on Facebook than non-Salafist mosques. Our more fine-grained analysis on Twitter shows that Salafist mosques in the Netherlands cluster together. Followers of Salafist mosques make up a community of users who are mainly connected to each other ("bonding ties"), and much less so to other users ("bridging ties"). We conclude with a discussion of opportunities for studying the online presence and activities of mosques and Muslims in western societies.Funding Agencies|Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Ammodo KNAW award 2015)</p

Online activity of mosques and Muslims in the Netherlands: A study of Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter

Research on Muslim minorities in western societies has mainly focused on offline behavior, such as mosque attendance, whereas little is known about their presence in the online world. This study explores the online visibility and activities of all (478) mosques in the Netherlands. We collected data on personal websites and four social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube). The majority of mosques have a website (52%) and an account on Facebook (61%). Less often used are Twitter (17%), Instagram (17%) and YouTube (19%). On social media platforms, mosques strongly differ in their activity and number of followers. We find evidence to suggest that Salafist mosques, which tend to have a strict ideology, are more active on Twitter and YouTube, and also attract a larger share of followers on Facebook than non-Salafist mosques. Our more fine-grained analysis on Twitter shows that Salafist mosques in the Netherlands cluster together. Followers of Salafist mosques make up a community of users who are mainly connected to each other (“bonding ties”), and much less so to other users (“bridging ties”). We conclude with a discussion of opportunities for studying the online presence and activities of mosques and Muslims in western societies

On the Limits of High-Speed Microthermal Focusing Field-Flow Fractionation

Migrace částic vystavených gravitačnímu poli a teplotnímu gradientu je studována teoreticky i experimentálně.The migration of the microparticles exposed to the gravitational-buoyancy force and lift force, and transported by the flow of the carrier liquid inside the microfluidic conduits was studied from the viewpoint of the transient period (the relaxation) between the moment at which the particles start to be transported by the hydrodynamic flow and the time at which they are focused at an equilibrium position. Relaxation times were calculated theoretically by incremental numerical method and the results were compared with the experimental data obtained on two microfluidic channels of different lengths and for different average linear velocities of the carrier liquid. It has been found that the maximal linear velocity of the carrier liquid in Microthermal Field-Flow Fractionation channel whose dimensions were already optimized is of the order of few cm/s under the investigated experimental conditions. At this velocity, the contribution of the secondary relaxation time is negligible compared to the retention time of the micrometer-sized particle

Relaxation of microparticles exposed to hydrodynamic forces in microfluidic conduits

The behavior of microparticles exposed to gravitational and lift forces and to the velocity gradient in flow velocity profile formed in microfluidic conduits is studied from the viewpoint of the transient period (the relaxation) between the moment at which a particle starts to be transported by the hydrodynamic flow and the time at which it reaches an equilibrium position, characterized by a balance of all active forces. The theoretical model allowing the calculation of the relaxation time is proposed. The numerical calculus based on the proposed model is compared with the experimental data obtained under different experimental conditions, namely, for different lengths of microfluidic channels, different average linear velocities of the carrier liquid, and different sizes and densities of the particles used in the study. The results are important for the optimization of microfluidic separation units such as microthermal field-flow fractionation channels in which the separation or manipulation of the microparticles of various origin, synthetic, natural, biological, etc., is performed under similar experimental conditions but by applying an additional thermodynamic force

Online activity of mosques and Muslims in the Netherlands: A study of Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter

Research on Muslim minorities in western societies has mainly focused on offline behavior, such as mosque attendance, whereas little is known about their presence in the online world. This study explores the online visibility and activities of all (478) mosques in the Netherlands. We collected data on personal websites and four social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube). The majority of mosques have a website (52%) and an account on Facebook (61%). Less often used are Twitter (17%), Instagram (17%) and YouTube (19%). On social media platforms, mosques strongly differ in their activity and number of followers. We find evidence to suggest that Salafist mosques, which tend to have a strict ideology, are more active on Twitter and YouTube, and also attract a larger share of followers on Facebook than non-Salafist mosques. Our more fine-grained analysis on Twitter shows that Salafist mosques in the Netherlands cluster together. Followers of Salafist mosques make up a community of users who are mainly connected to each other (“bonding ties”), and much less so to other users (“bridging ties”). We conclude with a discussion of opportunities for studying the online presence and activities of mosques and Muslims in western societies