Neuropsychological Rehabilitation in Pediatric Oncology: comparison of neuropsychological profiles after intervention

Presentamos el caso de una adolescente diagnosticada en 2001 con un linfoma de Burkitt no-Hodgkin cuando tenía 14 años (etapa 4, CNS afectado). El tratamiento incluyó quimioterapia sistémica intratecal y radioterapia holocraneal (24Gy). En los estudios de imagen se aprecian cambios de señal en sustancia blanca frontal relacionados con la terapéutica. Participantes y Métodos: La paciente fue evaluada con nuestro protocolo de evaluación neuropsicológica que abarca múltiples funciones cognitivas, así como una evaluación psicopatológica. En septiembre de 2003 presenta un deterioro cognitivo generalizado. La rehabilitación se basó en su perfil neuropsicológico, edad, expectativas e intereses del paciente. La intervención específica en habilidades académicas se decidió debido a su retraso con sus compañeros. La intervención se ha llevado a cabo durante 10 meses, 2 horas / semana e incluye: técnicas y hábitos de estudio, capacitación habilidades académicas (aritmética, lectura, ejercicios de comprensión y escritura), atención y memoria. Los resultados de la evaluación neuropsicológica 2004 revelaron cambios significativos, entre 1 y 2 desviaciones estándar, en las áreas de intervención. Además se obtuvieron mejorías entre 12 y 19 puntos en los coeficientes intelectuales. Conclusiones: La rehabilitación en oncología pediátrica implica un apoyo a largo plazo para nuestros pacientes. Además de la mejora de los recursos ambientales (escuela, familia, servicios sociales...), queremos desarrollar intervenciones individualizadas que nos permite paliar / compensar las secuelas cáncer y su tratamiento. Estos primeros resultados ofrecen mejoras significativas y cuantificables en las áreas de intervención y son un primer indicador de la validez de nuestro trabajo.We present the case of an adolescent diagnosed in 2001 with a Non-Hodgkin Burkitt's lymphoma when she was 14 (stage 4, CNS affected). Treatment included systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy and holocranial radiotherapy (24Gy). Imaging studies revealed signal changes in frontal white matter related with therapeutics. Participants and Methods : The patient was assessed with our neuropsychological assessment protocol composed of multiple cognitive functioning as well as a psychopathological evaluation. In September 2003 she presented a generalized cognitive deterioration. Rehabilitation was based on her neuropsychological profile, age, expectations and interests of the patient. Specific intervention in academic abilities was decided because of her delay with peers. The intervention has been carried out for 10 months, 2 hours/week and included: techniques and studying habits, academic abilities training (arithmetic, reading comprehension and writing), attention and memory exercises. Results : Results of 2004 neuropsychological assessment revealed significant changes, between 1 and 2 standard deviations, in the intervention areas. Moreover we obtained 12 to 19 points improvement in IQ. Conclusions : Rehabilitation in pediatric oncology implies long-term support for our patients. Besides of improving environmental resources (school, family, social services...), we want to develop individualized interventions that allows us to palliate/compensate cancer and treatment sequelae. These first results offer significant and quantitative improvements in the intervention areas and are the first to point out the validity of our work

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Curso de nivelación de Química para los Grados en Geología e Ingeniería Geológica

Depto. de Química InorgánicaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasFALSEsubmitte