Performance Analysis of Sparse Traffic Grooming in WDM Mesh Networks

Sparse traffic grooming is a practical problem to be addressed in heterogeneous multi-vendor optical WDM networks where only some of the optical cross-connects (OXCs) have grooming capabilities. Such a network is called as a sparse grooming network. The sparse grooming problem under dynamic traffic in optical WDM mesh networks is a relatively unexplored problem. In this work, we propose the maximize-lightpath-sharing multi-hop (MLS-MH) grooming algorithm to support dynamic traffic grooming in sparse grooming networks. We also present an analytical model to evaluate the blocking performance of the MLS-MH algorithm. Simulation results show that MLSMH outperforms an existing grooming algorithm, the shortest path single-hop (SPSH) algorithm. The numerical results from analysis show that it matches closely with the simulation. The effect of the number of grooming nodes in the network on the blocking performance is also analyzed

A57: A Study on the Correlation Between Basic Motor Skills and Attention, Parent-Child Relationship and Behavior

Purpose: In the Curriculum Standards of Physical Education and Health for Compulsory Education (2022 Edition) newly issued by China in 2022, basic motor skills are included in the curriculum, requiring students to learn, practice and experience mobility skills, control skills, manipulative skills, and other basic motor skills. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation between basic motor skills and pupils\u27 attention, parent-child relationship, and behavior, and to provide a theoretical basis for its further implementation. Methods: In this study, 45 primary school students from Malu Primary School, Jiading District, Shanghai, with an average age of 9.76 years old were randomly selected, including 36 male students and 9 female students. Their parents all signed informed consent. All 45 participants participated in the test of gross motor development-3rd edition (TGMD-3), and 30 parents completed the Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), 34 subjects filled in the Family Parent-Child Relationship Scale (PCRT), and 31 subjects conducted the d2 Test of Attention. SPSS was used to analyze the correlation between the test scores of basic motor skills and the attention, parent-child relationship, and behavior. Results: Pearson correlation analysis showed that elementary school students\u27 basic motor skills and attention were moderately correlated (r mobility skills and error of omission =-0.406, P \u3c 0.05, r mobility skills and total error =-0.358, P \u3c 0.05, r control skills and error of omission =-0.428, r control skill and total error =-0.490, P \u3c 0.01, r control skill and correct mark =0.403, P \u3c 0.05, r motor skill total score and error omission =-0.454, P \u3c 0.01, r motor skill total score and total error =-0.468, P \u3c 0.01, r motor skill total score and correct mark =0.379; The basic motor skills of primary school students were moderately correlated with ambivalence parent-child relationship (r control skills and marker correct =-0.390, P \u3c 0.05, r motor skill total and marker correct =-0.391, P \u3c 0.05). There was a high correlation between the manipulative skills and the hyperactive behaviors of the girls in primary school (r=0.917, P \u3c 0.05). Conclusion: The results show that primary school students\u27 basic motor skills and attention, parent-child relationship and behavior have a certain correlation, among which the correlation of control skills is more prominent

Uncertainty-Guided Lung Nodule Segmentation with Feature-Aware Attention

Since radiologists have different training and clinical experiences, they may provide various segmentation annotations for a lung nodule. Conventional studies choose a single annotation as the learning target by default, but they waste valuable information of consensus or disagreements ingrained in the multiple annotations. This paper proposes an Uncertainty-Guided Segmentation Network (UGS-Net), which learns the rich visual features from the regions that may cause segmentation uncertainty and contributes to a better segmentation result. With an Uncertainty-Aware Module, this network can provide a Multi-Confidence Mask (MCM), pointing out regions with different segmentation uncertainty levels. Moreover, this paper introduces a Feature-Aware Attention Module to enhance the learning of the nodule boundary and density differences. Experimental results show that our method can predict the nodule regions with different uncertainty levels and achieve superior performance in LIDC-IDRI dataset.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 30 reference

TSP and its variants : use of solvable cases in heuristics

This thesis proposes heuristics motivated by solvable cases for the travelling salesman problem (TSP) and the cumulative travelling salesman path problem (CTSPP). The solvable cases are investigated in three aspects: specially structured matrices, special neighbourhoods and small-size problems. This thesis demonstrates how to use solvable cases in heuristics for the TSP and the CTSPP and presents their promising performance in theoretical research and empirical research. Firstly, we prove that the three classical heuristics, nearest neighbour, double-ended nearest neighbour and GREEDY, have the theoretical property of obtaining the permutation for permuted strong anti-Robinson matrices for the TSP such that the renumbered matrices satisfy the anti-Robinson conditions. Inspired by specially structured matrices, we propose Kalmanson heuristics, which not only have the theoretical property of solving permuted strong Kalmanson matrices to optimality for the TSP, but also outperform their classical counterparts for general cases. Secondly, we propose three heuristics for the CTSPP. The pyramidal heuristic is motivated by the special pyramidal neighbourhood. The chains heuristic and the sliding window heuristic are motivated by solvable small-size problems. The experiments suggest the proposed heuristics outperform the classical GRASP-2-opt on general cases for the CTSPP. Thirdly, we conduct both theoretical and empirical research on specially structured cases for the CTSPP. Theoretically, we prove the solvability of Line- CTSPP on more general cases and the time complexity of the CTSPP on SUM matrices. We also conjecture that the CTSPP on two rays is NP-hard. Empirically, we propose three heuristics, which perform well on specially structured cases. The Line heuristic, based on Line-CTSPP, performs better than GRASP-2-opt when nodes are distributed on two close parallel lines. The Up-Down heuristic is inspired by the Up-Down structure in solvable Path TSP and outperforms GRASP-2-opt in convex-hull cases and close-to-convex-hull cases. The Two-Ray heuristic combines the path structures in the first two heuristics and obtains high-quality solutions when nodes are along two rays

Identification of Benzo[a]pyrene-metabolizing bacteria in forest soils by using DNA-based stable-isotope probing

DNA-based stable-isotope probing (DNA-SIP) was used in this study to investigate the uncultivated bacteria with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) metabolism capacities in two Chinese forest soils (Mt. Maoer in Heilongjiang Province and Mt. Baicaowa in Hubei Province). We characterized three different phylotypes with responsibility for BaP degradation, none of which were previously reported as BaP-degrading microorganisms by SIP. In Mt. Maoer soil microcosms, the putative BaP degraders were classified as belonging to the genus Terrimonas (family Chitinophagaceae, order Sphingobacteriales), whereas Burkholderia spp. were the key BaP degraders in Mt. Baicaowa soils. The addition of metabolic salicylate significantly increased BaP degradation efficiency in Mt. Maoer soils, and the BaP-metabolizing bacteria shifted to the microorganisms in the family Oxalobacteraceae (genus unclassified). Meanwhile, salicylate addition did not change either BaP degradation or putative BaP degraders in Mt. Baicaowa. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase (PAH-RHD) genes were amplified, sequenced, and quantified in the DNA-SIP (13)C heavy fraction to further confirm the BaP metabolism. By illuminating the microbial diversity and salicylate additive effects on BaP degradation across different soils, the results increased our understanding of BaP natural attenuation and provided a possible approach to enhance the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated soils

Polarization splitter rotator on thin film lithium niobate based on multimode interference

Polarization splitter-rotators (PSRs) are the key elements to realize on-chip polarization manipulation. Current PSRs on thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) rely on sub-micron gaps to realize modes separation, which increase the difficulties of lithography and etching. In this paper, a polarization splitter-rotator on TFLN based on multimode interference (MMI) is demonstrated. Mode division is achieved by an MMI-based mode demultiplexer. The feature size of the PSR is 1.5 {\mu}m, which can be fabricated with low priced i-line contact aligners. Experimental results show a polarization extinction ratio (PER) > 20 dB and insertion loss (IL) <1.5 dB are achieved in a wavelength range of 1542-1600 nm for TE-polarized light. And a PER > 9.5 dB and an IL <3.0 dB are achieved in a wavelength range of 1561-1600 nm for TM-polarized light. This PSR could find application in the low-cost fabrication of dual-polarization TFLN integrated photonic devices

LatticeGen: A Cooperative Framework which Hides Generated Text in a Lattice for Privacy-Aware Generation on Cloud

In the current user-server interaction paradigm of prompted generation with large language models (LLM) on cloud, the server fully controls the generation process, which leaves zero options for users who want to keep the generated text to themselves. We propose LatticeGen, a cooperative framework in which the server still handles most of the computation while the user controls the sampling operation. The key idea is that the true generated sequence is mixed with noise tokens by the user and hidden in a noised lattice. Considering potential attacks from a hypothetically malicious server and how the user can defend against it, we propose the repeated beam-search attack and the mixing noise scheme. In our experiments we apply LatticeGen to protect both prompt and generation. It is shown that while the noised lattice degrades generation quality, LatticeGen successfully protects the true generation to a remarkable degree under strong attacks (more than 50% of the semantic remains hidden as measured by BERTScore)

The emerging antimicrobial resistance crisis during the COVID-19 surge in China.

The antimicrobial resistance crisis has been amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, under its zero-COVID policy, China had a decline in antibiotic consumption,2 because the intensive non-pharmaceutical interventions aimed at controlling COVID-19 also prevented the spread of other airborne diseases and their subsequent infections. China also tightened drug selling to treat COVID-19-related symptoms as part of its zero-COVID efforts, which contributed to lessened self-medication with antibiotics. Therefore, antimicrobial resistance has not been seen as an urgent issue, at least until China relaxed its zero-COVID policy in early December, 2022. The current surge of SARS-CoV-2 infections across China will lead to an increase in the use of antibiotics, which will exacerbate the irrational use of antibiotics seen before the COVID-19 era

High-temperature high-sensitivity AlN-on-SOI Lamb wave resonant strain sensor

A piezoelectric AlN-on-SOI structured MEMS Lamb wave resonator (LWR) is presented for high-temperature strain measurement. The LWR has a composite membrane of a 1 μm thick AlN film and a 30 μm thick device silicon layer. The excited acoustic waves include Rayleigh wave and Lamb waves. A tensile strain sensor has been prepared with one LWR mounted on a uniaxial tensile plate, and its temperature characteristics from 15.4°C to 250°C and tensile strain behaviors from 0 μϵ to 400 μϵ of Rayleigh wave and S4 mode Lamb wave were tested. The temperature test verifies the adaptability of the tensile strain sensor to temperature up to 250°C, and S4 mode Lamb wave and Rayleigh wave represent almost the same temperature characteristics. The strain test demonstrates that S4 mode Lamb wave shows much higher strain sensitivity (-0.48 ppm/μϵ) than Rayleigh wave (0.05 ppm/μϵ) and confirms its advantage of strain sensitivity. Finally, for this one-LWR strain sensor, a method of beat frequency between S4 mode Lamb wave and Rayleigh wave is proposed for temperature compensation and high-sensitivity strain readout

Bacteria capable of degrading anthracene, phenanthrene, and fluoranthene as revealed by DNA based stable-isotope probing in a forest soil

Information on microorganisms possessing the ability to metabolize different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in complex environments helps in understanding PAHs behavior in natural environment and developing bioremediation strategies. In the present study, stable-isotope probing (SIP) was applied to investigate degraders of PAHs in a forest soil with the addition of individually 13C-labeled phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene. Three distinct phylotypes were identified as the active phenanthrene-, anthracene- and fluoranthene-degrading bacteria. The putative phenanthrene degraders were classified as belonging to the genus Sphingomona. For anthracene, bacteria of the genus Rhodanobacter were the putative degraders, and in the microcosm amended with fluoranthene, the putative degraders were identified as belonging to the phylum Acidobacteria. Our results from DNA-SIP are the first to directly link Rhodanobacter- and Acidobacteria-related bacteria with anthracene and fluoranthene degradation, respectively. The results also illustrate the specificity and diversity of three- and four-ring PAHs degraders in forest soil, contributes to our understanding on natural PAHs biodegradation processes, and also proves the feasibility and practicality of DNA-based SIP for linking functions with identity especially uncultured microorganisms in complex microbial biota