Development And Grain Quality Of Soybean Cultivars Treated With Pyraclostrobin And Biostimulant

Products with physiological effects on plants to optimize agricultural production is increasingly used; they can change the development of plants and the chemical characteristics of seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of soybean cultivars and the protein and oil contents of soybean grains after treatment with pyraclostrobin and biostimulant. The experiment was carried out with soybean crops without irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with five replications, using a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of three cultivars of different maturation times (very early, M6952IPRO; early M7739IPRO; and medium, ST797IPRO), and three treatments with products that cause physiological effects (control, pyraclostrobin, and control + biostimulant). The pod, leaf, and stem dry weights, number of pods, 100-grain weight, grain yield, and oil and protein contents of the soybean plants were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The effects of the products used (pyraclostrobin and biostimulant) vary according to the cultivar and may increase the soybean leaf and pod dry weights, and grain protein contents.Products with physiological effects on plants to optimize agricultural production is increasingly used; they can change the development of plants and the chemical characteristics of seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of soybean cultivars and the protein and oil contents of soybean grains after treatment with pyraclostrobin and biostimulant. The experiment was carried out with soybean crops without irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with five replications, using a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of three cultivars of different maturation times (very early, M6952IPRO; early M7739IPRO; and medium, ST797IPRO), and three treatments with products that cause physiological effects (control, pyraclostrobin, and control + biostimulant). The pod, leaf, and stem dry weights, number of pods, 100-grain weight, grain yield, and oil and protein contents of the soybean plants were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The effects of the products used (pyraclostrobin and biostimulant) vary according to the cultivar and may increase the soybean leaf and pod dry weights, and grain protein contents

Seletividade dos herbicidas fomesafen e clomazone associados com outros herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência do algodoeiro

A field experiment was conducted in Santa Helena de Goiás to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides fomesafen and clomazone and other combinations to cotton plants when applied in preemergence. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a split plot design with four replications. The assessed herbicide treatments were: clomazone, clomazone + fomesafen (0.45 kg ha-1 of a.i.), clomazone + fomesafen (0.625 kg ha-1 of a.i.), clomazone + fomesafen + diuron, clomazone + fomesafen + prometryn, clomazone + fomesafen + trifluralin and clomazone + fomesafen + s-metolachlor. The visual symptoms of phytotoxicity were seen up to the evaluation of 19 days after emergence, and generally the injuries were higher where it was associated with three herbicides in the application. The treatments with clomazone alone and the associations clomazone + fomesafen (1.0 + 0.45 kg ha-1 of a.i.), clomazone + fomesafen + diuron, clomazone + fomesafen + prometryn, clomazone + fomesafen + trifluralin and clomazone + fomesafen + s-metolachlor were selective to cotton plant. The highest dose of fomesafen (0.625 kg ha-1 of a.i.) in associations with clomazone (1.0 kg ha-1 of a.i.) was not selective to cotton plant (cultivar DP 555 BG RR and in a clayey textured soil, with 3.1% of OM and pH of 6.0). Um experimento de campo foi realizado em Santa Helena de Goiás para avaliar a seletividade dos herbicidas fomesafen e clomazone e outras associações ao algodoeiro, quando aplicados em pré-emergência. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos herbicidas avaliados foram: clomazone, clomazone + fomesafen (0,45 kg ha-1 de i.a.), clomazone + fomesafen (0,625 kg ha-1 de i.a.), clomazone + fomesafen + diuron, clomazone + fomesafen + prometryn, clomazone + fomesafen + trifluralin e clomazone + fomesafen + s-metolachlor. Os sintomas visuais de fitointoxicação foram visualizados até a avaliação de 19 dias após a emergência, e de modo geral, as injúrias foram maiores onde foi associado três herbicidas na aplicação. Os tratamentos com clomazone isolado e as associações clomazone + fomesafen (1,0 + 0,45 kg ha-1 de i.a.), clomazone + fomesafen + diuron, clomazone + fomesafen + prometryn, clomazone + fomesafen + trifluralin e clomazone + fomesafen + s-metolachlor foram seletivas ao algodoeiro. A maior dose de fomesafen (0,625 kg ha-1 de i.a.) em associações com clomazone (1,0 kg ha-1 de i.a.) não foi seletiva ao algodoeiro (cultivar DP 555 BG RR e em solo de textura argilosa, com 3,1% de MO e pH de 6,0).

Carryover of herbicides applied in the pre-emergence of cotton on the corn grown in succession

Herbicidas que apresentam longa persistência no solo podem causar problemas em culturas semeadas em sucessão, devido ao efeito residual no solo. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar os efeitos de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência do algodoeiro sobre a produtividade da cultura do milho semeada em sucessão. O experimento foi instalado no município de Santa Helena de Goiás – GO. As aplicações dos tratamentos herbicidas foram realizadas em pré-emergência do algodoeiro, utilizando-se clomazone isolado ou em misturas com fomesafen, fomesafen + trifluralin, fomesafen + s-metolachlor, fomesafen + diuron e fomesafen + prometryne. Na condição que foi conduzido o experimento, os resultados observados permitiram constatar que a aplicação dos herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência na cultura do algodoeiro não acarretaram em efeitos significativos na altura de inserção de espiga, altura de inserção do pendão, diâmetro do colmo e produtividade de milho, resultando em ausência de carryover sobre o híbrido de milho RR® AG 7098 PRO 2, sendo considerada segura a semeadura de milho realizada 264 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas.Herbicides that present long persistence in the soil can cause problems in crops sown in succession due to the soil's residual effect. That way, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of herbicides applied in the pre-emergence of the cotton to the productivity of corn grown in succession. The experiment was installed in the municipality of Santa Helena de Goiás - GO. The application of herbicides treatments were carried out in a pre-emergence state of the cotton by using isolated clomazone or in mixtures of fomesafen, fomesafen + trifluralin, fomesafen + s-metolachlor, fomesafen + diuron and fomesafen + prometryn. In the condition in which the experiment was carried out, the results observed allowed us to see that the application of herbicides in the pre-emergence state of cotton crops did not have any significant effects in the insertion height of the cob, insertion height of the tassel, stem diameter and corn productivity, resulting in the absence of carryover on the hybrid corn RR® AG 7098 PRO 2, considering safe the sowing of corn 264 days after the application of herbicides

Tolerância do feijoeiro a herbicidas aplicados na cultura da cana-de-açúcar

This work was aimed to evaluate the selectivity of main herbicides used in sugar cane crop applied in pre or post emergence conditions to common bean (“Jalo” Group – cultivar “Jalo Precoce”). In pre emergence modality the treatments evaluated consisted of: ametryn (2.500 g ha-1), tebuthiuron (800 g ha-1), [hexazinone + diuron] (237.6 + 842.4 g ha-1), metribuzin (1,440 g ha-1), clomazone (800 g ha-1), isoxaflutole (112.5 g ha-1), sulfentrazone (600 g ha-1), imazapic (105 g ha-1), trifluralin (1,800 g ha-1), S-metolachlor (1,920 g ha-1), and a check without herbicide application. In post emergence modality treatments evaluated were: MSMA (1,440 g ha-1), MSMA + diuron (1,080 + 420 g ha-1), [hexazinone + diuron] (237.6 + 842.4 g ha-1), metribuzin (1,440 g ha-1), ametryn (1,500 g ha-1), [ametryn + trifloxysulfuron sodium] (1,280 + 32.4 g ha-1), halosulfuron (112.5 g ha-1), 2.4-D (1,005 g ha-1) and mesotrione (120 g ha-1) besides a check without herbicide application. Phytointoxication, stand, plant height, wet and dry matter of shoots, number of plants at harvest, height of first pod insertion, and grain yield were evaluated. S-metolachlor, tebuthiuron, trifluralin and clomazone herbicides showed satisfactory selectivity to bean plants cv. Jalo Precoce, when applied in pre-emergence. However, ametryn [hexazinone + diuron], metribuzin, isoxaflutole, sulfentrazone and imazapic were not selective, even in pre-emergence applications. None of tested herbicides showed selectivity conditions for being used in post-emergence in one bean integrated cultivation system (cv. Jalo Precoce) in areas with sugar cane crop production.O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a seletividade dos principais herbicidas utilizados na cultura da cana-de-açúcar, aplicados em pré ou pós-emergência, ao feijão-comum (Grupo Jalo – cultivar Jalo Precoce). Na modalidade de pré-emergência os tratamentos avaliados foram: ametryn (2.500 g ha-1), tebuthiuron (800 g ha-1), [hexazinone + diuron] (237,6 + 842,4 g ha-1), metribuzin (1.440 g ha-1), clomazone (800 g ha-1), isoxaflutole (112,5 g ha-1), sulfentrazone (600 g ha-1), imazapic (105 g ha-1), trifluralin (1.800 g ha-1) e S-metolachlor (1.920 g ha-1), mais uma testemunha sem aplicação. Já na modalidade de pós-emergência os tratamentos foram: MSMA (1.440 g ha-1), MSMA + diuron (1.080 + 420 g ha-1), [hexazinone + diuron] (237,6 + 842,4 g ha-1), metribuzin (1.440 g ha-1), ametryn (1.500 g ha-1), [ametryn + trifloxysulfuron sodium] (1.280 + 32,4 g ha-1), halosulfuron (112,5 g ha-1), 2,4-D (1.005 g ha-1) e mesotrione (120 g ha-1), mais uma testemunha sem aplicação. Foram avaliadas a fitointoxicação, estande e altura de plantas, matéria verde e seca da parte aérea, número de plantas na colheita, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, além da produtividade. Os herbicidas S-metolachlor, tebuthiuron, trifluralin e clomazone apresentaram seletividade satisfatória às plantas de feijão cv. Jalo Precoce, quando aplicados em pré-emergência. No entanto, ametryn, [hexazinone + diuron], metribuzin, isoxaflutole, sulfentrazone e imazapic não foram seletivos, também em aplicações de pré-emergência. Nenhum dos herbicidas avaliados apresentou condições de seletividade para ser utilizado em pós-emergência em um sistema de cultivo integrado de feijão (cv. Jalo Precoce) em áreas de produção de cana-de-açúcar

Crescimento e desempenho produtivo de plantas de soja em função da aplicação de inoculante via sulco e em semente

Given the high costs of agricultural production, especially due to the price of fertilisers, particularly nitrogen, the use of inoculants to supply nitrogen to soybean crops is a widely recommended practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying inoculants through seed and planting furrow in soil previously cultivated with soybean and Brazilian native “cerrado” biome soil under greenhouse conditions. Seven treatments were tested: 1) inoculation via seed (inoculant + fungicide + micronutrient), 2) treatment via seed (fungicide + micronutrient), 3) control (only seed), 4) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 (recommended dose), 5) inoculation via furrow-dose 2 (twice the recommended dose), 6) inoculation via furrow-dose 3 (three times the recommended dose) and 7) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 + seed inoculation. We evaluated plant height, fresh and dry matter weight of the aerial part and nodules, number of total, viable and non-viable nodules, number of pods per plant and grain yield. Inoculation was more effective when used in cerrado soil, but soybean performance in treatments without inoculation was higher in previously cultivated soil. Application through furrow proved to be a viable practice due to the similarity of the results obtained with the traditional application by seed.Diante dos custos da produção agrícola, consideravelmente elevados em função do preço dos fertilizantes e, particularmente, os nitrogenados, o uso de inoculantes, visando fornecimento de nitrogênio para a cultura da soja, tem sido uma tecnologia frequentemente recomendada para viabilizar a produção. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a viabilidade da aplicação de inoculantes via semente e sulco de semeadura, em solo já cultivado e em solo de cerrado nativo com a cultura da soja. O ensaio foi realizado em casa-de-vegetação, utilizando solo de cerrado, sem cultivo anterior, e solo com histórico de cultivo de soja. Foram testados sete tratamentos: 1) inoculação via semente (inoculante + fungicida + micronutriente), 2) tratamento via semente (fungicida + micronutriente), 3) testemunha (semente pura, sem tratamento), 4) via sulco-dose1 (dose recomendada), 5) sulco-dose2 (duas vezes a dose recomendada), 6) sulco-dose3 (três vezes a dose recomendada), e 7) sulco-dose1+ inoculação via semente. Foram avaliados altura de plantas; massa de matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea e nódulos; número de nódulos totais, viáveis e não-viáveis; número de vagens por planta e rendimento de grãos. A inoculação foi mais efetiva no incremento das variáveis analisadas quando utilizada no solo de cerrado, e o desempenho da soja nos tratamentos que não receberam inoculação foi melhor no solo já cultivado. A aplicação via sulco mostrou-se uma prática viável em razão da semelhança dos resultados obtidos com a aplicação tradicional, via semente

Formas de aplicação de inoculante e seus efeitos sobre a nodulação da soja Forms of inoculant application and effects on soybean nodulation

Atualmente, tem-se difundido a aplicação de inoculante no sulco de semeadura na cultura da soja, mas há poucas informações que dão suporte a essa prática e comprovam sua eficiência em diferentes ambientes manejados sob plantio direto. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da aplicação de inoculantes na cultura da soja, via semente e sulco de semeadura, em solo já cultivado ou não com soja. Foram realizados dois experimentos em campo a partir de dezembro de 2004 em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, seguindo o mesmo método e tratamentos, porém em dois locais distintos, com ou sem cultivo anterior de soja. Foram testados oito tratamentos: (1) inoculação via semente (inoculante + fungicida + micronutriente); (2) sem inoculação (fungicida + micronutriente); (3) testemunha (semente pura, sem tratamento); (4) aplicação no sulco-dose 1 (dose do inoculante recomendada no sulco); (5) aplicação no sulco-dose 2 (duas vezes a dose recomendada no sulco); (6) aplicação no sulco-dose 3 (três vezes a dose recomendada no sulco); (7) sulco-dose 1 + inoculação via semente; e (8) adubação com N (200 kg ha-1 N). Foram avaliados massa de matéria seca de nódulos e número de nódulos totais e nódulos viáveis e não-viáveis aos 30 e 75 dias após emergência. A melhor nodulação foi obtida com aplicação de inoculante + fungicida + micronutriente via semente no solo ainda não cultivado. No solo previamente cultivado com soja, destacaram-se os tratamentos uma e duas vezes a dose do inoculante no sulco. Menores valores de massa seca de nódulos na soja foram obtidos no tratamento com adubação mineral. A aplicação via sulco do inoculante mostrou-se uma prática viável, em razão da semelhança dos resultados obtidos com a aplicação tradicional via semente.<br>Nowadays, inoculant application in the sowing furrow of soybean is widely used, but there is little information underlying this practice, which would prove the efficiency in different environments under no-tillage systems. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of inoculant application to soybean, via seed and in-furrow, in soil never cultivated with soybean or previously cultivated with soybean. Two field experiments were carried out as of December 2004 in a Red Yellow Latosol (Oxisol), using the same methodology and applying the same treatments, at two different sites, with or without previous soybean cultivation. Eight treatments were tested: (1) seed inoculation (inoculant + fungicide + micronutrient), (2) without inoculation (fungicide + micronutrient), (3) control (pure seed without treatment), (4) in-furrow application dose 1 (recommended dose of inoculant in the furrow), (5) in-furrow application dose 2 (the double of the recommended dose in the furrow), (6) furrow application dose 3 (three times the recommended dose in the furrow), (7) furrow-dose 1 + seed inoculation, and (8) N fertilization (200 kg ha-1 N). The dry matter mass of the nodules, the number of total nodules and viable and non-viable nodules were evaluated 30 and 75 days after emergence. The treatment inoculant + fungicide + micronutrient application via seed in the non-cultivated soil resulted in the best nodulation. In the soil previously cultivated with soybean, the treatments with the simple and double inoculant dose in the furrow reached the best results. Nodule dry mass was the lowest in the treatment with mineral fertilization. In-furrow application of the inoculant seemed a viable practice due to the similarity of the results with traditional seed inoculation

In vitro cultivation of zygotic embryos from Murici (Byrsonima cydoniifolia A. Juss. ): establishment, disinfection, and germination

The objective of this study is to establish an in vitro germination and cultivation protocol for murici (Byrsonima cydoniifolia A. Juss.) using zygotic embryos. Therefore, three assays were performed: in assay I, embryo asepsis was tested at exposure times of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes in 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, with or without immersion in 70% alcohol; in assay II, MS (MURASHIGE; SKOOG, 1962) e WPM (LLOYD; McCOWN, 1980) culture media were tested at salt concentrations of 25, 50, and 100%, with or without the addition of sucrose, to germinate the buds; in assay III, seedling growth was evaluated in MS and WPM culture media at salt concentrations of 25, 50 and 100%. Sodium hypochlorite (2.5%) with or without 70% alcohol was used to avoid contamination because it was not toxic to murici embryos. Water-agar was the most appropriate culture medium for bud germination, and 50% WPM was appropriate for seedling growth

Phytomass production and micronutrient cycling by cover crops in the Brazilian cerrado of Goias.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of cover crops over the phytomass production, accumulation and release of micronutrients in the Brazilian Cerrado of Goiás. The experiment was performed in Rio Verde, GO, Brazil, installed in dystroferric red latossol, from April 2008 to April 2009. The experimental design was a randomized block, in a factorial scheme (4x6), by split-splot array, with four replications. The plots received the cover crops, and the sub-plots consisted by biomass evaluations in six different times. The evaluated cover crops were: Urochloa ruziziensis, Pennisetum glaucum and U. ruziziensis + Cajanus Cajan and fallow area as reference. For the assessment of accumulation and release of biomass and micronutrients, biomass samples were collected in six times, from the management desiccation of the cover crops at the final off-season. The species U. ruziziensis and U. ruziziensis + C. cajan stood out in accumulation and in the release of biomass and micronutrients in the Brazilian Cerrado of Goiás.The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of cover crops over the phytomass production, accumulation and release of micronutrients in the Brazilian Cerrado of Goiás. The experiment was performed in Rio Verde, GO, Brazil, installed in dystroferric red latossol, from April 2008 to April 2009. The experimental design was a randomized block, in a factorial scheme (4x6), by split-splot array, with four replications. The plots received the cover crops, and the sub-plots consisted by biomass evaluations in six different times. The evaluated cover crops were:  Urochloa ruziziensis, Pennisetum glaucum and U. ruziziensis + Cajanus Cajan and fallow area as reference. For the assessment of accumulation and release of biomass and micronutrients, biomass samples were collected in six times, from the management desiccation of the cover crops at the final off-season. The species U. ruziziensis and U. ruziziensis + C. cajan stood out in accumulation and in the release of biomass and micronutrients in the Brazilian Cerrado of Goiás

Development And Grain Quality Of Soybean Cultivars Treated With Pyraclostrobin And Biostimulant

Products with physiological effects on plants to optimize agricultural production is increasingly used; they can change the development of plants and the chemical characteristics of seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of soybean cultivars and the protein and oil contents of soybean grains after treatment with pyraclostrobin and biostimulant. The experiment was carried out with soybean crops without irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with five replications, using a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of three cultivars of different maturation times (very early, M6952IPRO; early M7739IPRO; and medium, ST797IPRO), and three treatments with products that cause physiological effects (control, pyraclostrobin, and control + biostimulant). The pod, leaf, and stem dry weights, number of pods, 100-grain weight, grain yield, and oil and protein contents of the soybean plants were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The effects of the products used (pyraclostrobin and biostimulant) vary according to the cultivar and may increase the soybean leaf and pod dry weights, and grain protein contents