Effects of Supervised Multimodal Exercise Interventions on Cancer-Related Fatigue: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common and devastating problem in cancer patients even after successful treatment. This study aimed to determine the effects of supervised multimodal exercise interventions on cancer-related fatigue through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Design. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of multimodal exercise interventions on CRF. Databases of PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and OVID were searched between January and March 2014 to retrieve randomized controlled trials. Risk of bias was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Results. Nine studies (n=772) were included in both systematic review and meta-analysis. Multimodal interventions including aerobic exercise, resistance training, and stretching improved CRF symptoms (SMD=-0,23; 95% CI: −0.37 to −0.09; P=0,001). These effects were also significant in patients undergoing chemotherapy (P<0,0001). Nonsignificant differences were found for resistance training interventions (P=0,30). Slight evidence of publication bias was observed (P=0,04). The studies had a low risk of bias (PEDro scale mean score of 6.4 (standard deviation (SD) ± 1.0)). Conclusion. Supervised multimodal exercise interventions including aerobic, resistance, and stretching exercises are effective in controlling CRF. These findings suggest that these exercise protocols should be included as a crucial part of the rehabilitation programs for cancer survivors and patients during anticancer treatments.This paper and own authors data described in this paper were supported by the grant from Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad de Santo Tomás (Contract no. 617-3-2013)

Interaction Effects on the Magneto-optical Response of Magnetoplasmonic Dimers

The effect that dipole-dipole interactions have on the magneto-optical (MO) properties of magnetoplasmonic dimers is theoretically studied. The specific plasmonic versus magnetoplasmonic nature of the dimer's metallic components and their specific location within the dimer plays a crucial role on the determination of these properties. We find that it is possible to generate an induced MO activity in a purely plasmonic component, even larger than that of the MO one, therefore dominating the overall MO spectral dependence of the system. Adequate stacking of these components may allow obtaining, for specific spectral regions, larger MO activities in systems with reduced amount of MO metal and therefore with lower optical losses. Theoretical results are contrasted and confirmed with experiments for selected structures

Fitness muscular y riesgo cardio-metabólico en adultos jóvenes colombianos

Objective: To determine the influence of muscular fitness (MF) on cardiometabolic risk factors in young adult.Methods: A total of 172 men (age 19.7±2.4 years; weight 65.5±10.7 kg; BMI 22.6±2.8 kg•m-1) were invited to participate in the study. They had no indication of cardiometabolic problems, as evaluated by clinical interview. MF was measured by isometric handgrip (dynamometer). The handgrip strength was divided by body mass was used in further analysis. Lower and higher MF values are represented by the first and fourth quartiles, respectively. A lipid-metabolic cardiovascular risk index was derived from the levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and glucose. Adiposity index were assessed by measuring, waist circumference (WC), body adiposity index (BAI), body mass index (BMI) and fat mass (%).Results: After adjustment for age, BMI and WC, inverse association was observed between fat mass, WC, cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c and MF (p less than 0.05) . In addition, subjects with low handgrip strength/kg body mass (Q1), shower high levels of fat mass, WC, cholesterol, HDL-c and LDL-c (p less than 0.05 linear). Lasted, a linear relationship was also observed between the MF/kg and the lipid-metabolic index (p less than 0.05).Conclusions: In Colombian young adult poorer handgrip strength/kg body mass were associated with worse metabolic risk factors and adiposity index. Increasing muscle strength could be an appropriate strategy to achieve favorable changes in metabolic risk profile. © 2014, Grupo Aula Medica S.A. All rights reserved

Niveles de ferritina en mujeres gestantes de Colombia

Objective: Ferritin deficiency is associated with many adverse health outcomes and is highly prevalent worldwide. The present study assesses the prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with ferritin deficiency in a representative sample of pregnant women in Colombia. Methods: We used data from the cross-sectional, nationally representative survey National Nutritional Survey (ENSIN, 2010). A total of 1,386, (13-49 years old) pregnant women were enrolled. Serum ferritin a concentration was determined by chemiluminescence and sociodemographic date (age, urbanicity geographic region, ethnicity and socioeconomic level-SISBEN), was assessed by computer-assisted personal interview technology. Multivariate analyses using unordered binomial logistic regression models were conducted in the main analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of ferritin deficiency (serum less than 12µg/L) was 37.2% (95% CI 35.0% to 39.2%). The multivariate logistic regression no shows associated with a probability of serum ferritin deficiencies. Conclusion: A significant prevalence of ferritin deficiency was found in our study population without an association with the studied sociodemographic factors. © 2015, Grupo Aula Medica S.A. All rights reserved

The effect of exercise training on mediators of inflammation in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Several sources of evidence indicate that exercise during and after breast cancer could positively modulate the tumor microenvironment. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of exercise training on mediators of inflammation in breast cancer survivors. We searched for randomized controlled trials published from January 1990 to March 2014. An inverse variance method of meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model in the presence of statistical heterogeneity. Eight high-quality trials (n = 478) were included. Exercise improved the serum concentrations of IL6 [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.55 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI), -1.02 to -0.09], TNF? (WMD = -0.64 pg/mL; 95%CI, -1.21 to -0.06), IL8(MD= -0.49 pg/mL; 95% CI, -0.89 to -0.09), and IL2 (WMD = 1.03 pg/mL; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.67). No significant differences were found in the serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (WMD = -0.15; 95% CI, -0.56 to 0.25) or IL10 (WMD = 0.41; 95% CI, -0.18 to 1.02). Exercise training positively modulates chronic low-grade inflammation in women with breast cancer, which may impact upon carcinogenic mechanisms and the tumor microenvironment. These findings align with the other positive effects of exercise for breast cancer survivors, reinforcing the appropriateness of exercise prescription in this population. © 2016 American Association for Cancer Research

Intervenciones con actividad física supervisada en el manejo de la fatiga relacionada con el cáncer: Una revisión sistemática

Metodology: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Adults (>20 years old) diagnosed with any type of cancer regardless of treatment or diagnosis stage. Physical activity interventions (aerobic and resistance training) supervised by health professionals. CRF was the primary outcome measure, whilst secondary outcomes included depression, the comparison between supervised and non-supervised interventions, physical and functional wellbeing. Risk of bias and methodological quality were evaluated using the PEDro scale.Background: Cancer-related fatigue is the most common and distressing symptom among cancer survivors; physical activity has been proposed as a safe and effective intervention to control it. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of supervised physical activity interventions for the management of cancer-related fatigue (CRF).Results: Fourteen studies (n=14) were included (n=1638) with low risk of bias (PEDro mean score=6,5±1). Supervised physical activity significantly improved CRF; similar results were found for resistance training. Further, supervised physical activity was more effective than conventional care for improving CRF among breast cancer.Conclusion: Supervised physical activity interventions provide an overall reduction on CRF. These findings suggest that guidelines of aerobic and resistance training should be included in oncologic rehabilitation programs. © 2014, Grupo Aula Medica S.A. All rights reserved

Valproic acid restricts mast cell activation by Listeria monocytogenes.

Mast cells (MC) play a central role in the early containment of bacterial infections, such as that caused by Listeria monocytogenes (L.m). The mechanisms of MC activation induced by L.m infection are well known, so it is possible to evaluate whether they are susceptible to targeting and modulation by different drugs. Recent evidence indicates that valproic acid (VPA) inhibits the immune response which favors L.m pathogenesis in vivo. Herein, we examined the immunomodulatory effect of VPA on L.m-mediated MC activation. To this end, bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) were pre-incubated with VPA and then stimulated with L.m. We found that VPA reduced MC degranulation and cytokine release induced by L.m. MC activation during L.m infection relies on Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) engagement, however VPA treatment did not affect MC TLR2 cell surface expression. Moreover, VPA was able to decrease MC activation by the classic TLR2 ligands, peptidoglycan and lipopeptide Pam3CSK4. VPA also reduced cytokine production in response to Listeriolysin O (LLO), which activates MC by a TLR2-independent mechanism. In addition, VPA decreased the activation of critical events on MC signaling cascades, such as the increase on intracellular Ca2+ and phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and -p65 subunit of NF-κB. Altogether, our data demonstrate that VPA affects key cell signaling events that regulate MC activation following L.m infection. These results indicate that VPA can modulate the functional activity of different immune cells that participate in the control of L.m infection

Eficácia do exercício físico na fadiga dos pacientes com câncer durante o tratamento ativo: revisão sistemática e meta-análise

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la efectividad del ejercicio físico en la fatiga de pacientes con cáncer durante el tratamiento activo. Las bases de datos de PubMed Central, EMBASE y OVID fueron consultadas hasta abril de 2014 para identificar ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, que evaluaran el efecto del ejercicio en la fatiga de pacientes con cáncer sometidos a tratamiento activo. Once estudios (n = 1.407) fueron incluidos. La quimioterapia fue el tratamiento más común (n = 1.028). Los estudios tuvieron bajo riesgo de sesgo y alta calidad metodológica. Las estimaciones de efecto mostraron que el ejercicio físico mejoró significativamente la fatiga (SMD = -3,0; IC95%: -5,21; -0,80), p < 0,0001. Se encontraron efectos similares para el entrenamiento de resistencia (SMD = -4,5; IC95%: -7,24; -1,82), p = 0,001. Se encontraron mejoras significativas en pacientes con cáncer de mama y de próstata (p < 0,05). El ejercicio es una intervención segura y eficaz en el control de la fatiga en pacientes sometidos a tratamiento activoThis study aimed to determine the effectiveness of physical exercise in decreasing fatigue in cancer patients during active treatment. The PubMed Central, EMBASE, and OVID databases were consulted up to April 2014 to identify randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of exercise on fatigue in cancer patients undergoing active treatment. Eleven studies (n = 1,407) were included. Chemotherapy was the most common form of treatment (n = 1,028). The studies showed a low risk of bias and high methodological quality. Effect estimates showed that physical exercise significantly improved fatigue (SMD = -3.0; 95%CI: -5.21; -0.80), p < 0.0001. Similar effects were found for resistance training (SMD = -4.5; 95%CI: -7.24; -1.82), p = 0.001. Significant improvements were found in breast and prostate cancer patients (p < 0.05). Exercise is a safe and effective intervention in the management fatigue in cancer patients undergoing active treatmentO objetivo foi determinar a efetividade do exercício físico sobre a fadiga em pacientes com câncer durante o tratamento ativo. As bases de dados PubMed Central, EMBASE e OVID foram consultadas até abril de 2014 para identificar ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliaram o efeito do exercício sobre a fadiga em pacientes com câncer em tratamento ativo. Onze estudos (n = 1.407) foram incluídos. A quimioterapia foi o tratamento mais comum (n = 1.028). Os estudos tiveram baixo risco de viés e alta qualidade metodológica. As estimativas de efeito mostraram que o exercício melhorou significativamente a fadiga (DMP = -3,0; IC95%: -5,21; -0,80), p < 0,0001. Efeitos semelhantes sobre o treinamento de resistência (DMP = -4,5; IC95%: -7,24; -1,82), p = 0,001 foram encontrados. O exercício físico é uma intervenção segura e eficaz contra a fadiga em pacientes submetidos ao tratamento ativoEl presente trabajo forma parte del Proyecto Práctica del autoexamen de seno y los conocimientos, factores de riesgo y estilos de vida relacionados con el cáncer de mama en mujeres jóvenes de la Universidad Santo Tomás de Bogotá: un análisis transversal (9ª Convocatoria FODEIN- Código del proyecto 4110060001 - 008)

Renovación urbana : globalización y patrimonio

256 p.El presente libro analiza los fenómenos que acompañan los procesos de renovación urbana partiendo del reconocimiento de la diferencia entre la ciudad -entendida como un conjunto de edificios, equipamientos e infraestructuras y lo urbano, concepto que alude a una forma de vida que se manifiesta culturalmente en el ejercicio de valores e imaginarios comprometidos con determinadas maneras de organización social, política, ambiental, cultural y económica. Formula la distinción entre la gestión urbana. la gestión de la ciudad, tomando en cuenta Ia propia diferencia que existe entre renovar la imagen física -compromiso de la gestión de la ciudad- y renovar su dinámica estructural, responsabilidad de la gestión urbana propiamente dicha. Así mismo, frente a los procesos de desconfiguración territorial y expulsión de población que frecuentemente acompañan las llamadas "operaciones de renovación urbana", presenta una reflexión crítica y propositiva, dirigida a los investigadores especializados y a las autoridades en la materia, para ofrecer posibles alternativas de prevención y mitigación de sus efectos, en la perspectiva de proponer la construcción-apropiación de una ciudad de todos y todas.This book analyzes different phenomena that accompany urban renewal processes, based on a recognition of the difference between “the city”—understood as a set of buildings, facilities, and infrastructures —and “the urban”, a concept that alludes to a way of life that culturally manifests itself in the exercise of values and imaginaries that are committed to certain ways of social, political, environmental, cultural, and economic organization. It proposes a distinction between urban management and city management, taking into account the very divergence between renewing the city’s physical image —a commitment undertaken by city management— and renewing its structural dynamics, which is the responsibility of urban management. Likewise, in the face of processes of territorial deconfiguration and the expulsion of populations that frequently accompany the so-called “urban renewal operations,” the study presents a critical and proactive reflection, aimed at researchers and authorities specialized in the field, in order to offer possible alternatives for the prevention and mitigation of their effects in a specific situation, seeking to propose the construction-appropriation of a city by all.CAPÍTULO 1 Renovación urbana y patrimonio: Líneas convergentes y divergentes Introducción CAPÍTULO 2 Pensando la renovación urbana en el contexto de la ciudad latinoamericana Referencias CAPÍTULO 3 Renovación urbana. De la certeza a las incertidumbres Introducción Parte 1. Historia crítica de la renovación urbana Parte 2. Situación actual y perspectivas de la renovación urbana Referencias CAPÍTULO 4 Globalización, patrimonio, turismo: una aproximación desde la renovación urbana Introducción Patrimonio: esencia y políticas la globalización como motor de cambios patrimonio y centros históricos Reflexiones finales Referencias CAPÍTULO 5 Patrimonio urbano e a producáo de lugares se consumo Referencias CAPÍTULO 6 Renovación urbana y políticas publicas en el Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México Introducción Renovación urbana y proyecto urbano Proyecto urbano Características del proyecto urbano El Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México Políticas públicas y Plan de Manejo del Centro Histórico El Plan Integral de Manejo del Centro Histórico (2011-2016) Intervenciones recientes (resumen) Conclusiones Referencias CAPÍTULO 7 tejidos y entretejidos Granada siglo XXI Introducción Un poco de historia Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas, arquitecto y granadino de adopción "Vivo en el mundo, pero duermo en Granada" El centro José Guerrero la muralla nazarí en el Alto Albaicín la estación Alcázar Genil Referencias CAPÍTULO 8 Políticas de renovación, rehabilitación y desarrollo urbano en Buenos Aires. Una revisión crítica Introducción Consideraciones teóricas las estrategias de renovación, rehabilitación y redesarrollo urbano en el contexto de la globalización las estrategias de renovación, rehabilitación urbana en Buenos Aires 1996-2016 Reflexiones finales Referencias CAPÍTULO 9 Tendencias globales, incomprensiones locales: las renovaciones de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana Introducción la tendencia global de la renovación contra las identidades glocales Estrategia emergente de cambio en la política del turismo dominicano la gran intervención en el centro histórico El proyecto de la discordia: las ruinas del monasterio de San Francisco Referencias CAPÍTULO 10 La transformación de las ciudades ante las condiciones sociales del estado de Guerrero en México Introducción la sociedad mesoamericana antes de la llegada de los españoles la casa mesoamericana Época colonial Época independiente Condiciones de seguridad en las poblaciones hasta mediados del siglo XX Casas típicas de arquitectura vernácula en las zonas del estado de Guerrero El arribo de intereses internacionales: la política, la economía, el narcotráfico Situación de la transformación urbana y el cambio de actitud ante las condiciones de inseguridad en el sur de México Impactos de la globalización en la imagen de la ciudad, aspectos contradictorios Retos del gobierno y sociedad, escenarios posibles Reflexiones finales Referencias CAPÍTULO 11 ¿ Tiene futuro el pasado? La renovación urbana en tiempos de qlobalízación Referencias CAPÍTULO 12 Renovación urbana y control social Consideraciones propositivas para articular modelo de ciudad y modelo de gobierno Introducción Una mirada transversal Control social y participación ciudadana a articulación entre modelo de ciudad y modelo le gobierno: un reto para la renovación urbana que de tal forma renueva, también, la idea de administración y ordenamiento del territorio APÉNDICE Apego al lugar de residencia, construcción de identidad y calidad de vida Introducción El concepto de Lugar El concepto de Apego Teoría sobre Apego al Lugar El apego en los procesos de renovación urbana Conclusiones Referencias1a ed