Magnetic behavior of Ni nanoparticles with high disordered atomic structure

This report concerns the magnetic properties of colloidal Ni nanoparticles (NPs) obtained by chemical reduction of Ni(II) salt in an organic solvent. The NPs present a complex and disordered atomic structure, where small clusters of a few Ni atoms appear to coexist within each NP. These NPs exhibit interesting magnetic properties, with a low temperature ferromagnetic order followed by a transition from ferromagnetic to a 'spin-glass-like' state as the temperature decreases. The results are discussed considering the role of the atomic ordering of the NPs on the corresponding magnetic behavior. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.921

Ibero-American Consensus on Low- and No-Calorie Sweeteners: Safety, Nutritional Aspects and Benefits in Food and Beverages

International scientific experts in food, nutrition, dietetics, endocrinology, physical activity, paediatrics, nursing, toxicology and public health met in Lisbon on 2-4 July 2017 to develop a Consensus on the use of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) as substitutes for sugars and other caloric sweeteners. LNCS are food additives that are broadly used as sugar substitutes to sweeten foods and beverages with the addition of fewer or no calories. They are also used in medicines, health-care products, such as toothpaste, and food supplements. The goal of this Consensus was to provide a useful, evidence-based, point of reference to assist in efforts to reduce free sugars consumption in line with current international public health recommendations. Participating experts in the Lisbon Consensus analysed and evaluated the evidence in relation to the role of LNCS in food safety, their regulation and the nutritional and dietary aspects of their use in foods and beverages. The conclusions of this Consensus were: (1) LNCS are some of the most extensively evaluated dietary constituents, and their safety has been reviewed and confirmed by regulatory bodies globally including the World Health Organisation, the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Food Safety Authority; (2) Consumer education, which is based on the most robust scientific evidence and regulatory processes, on the use of products containing LNCS should be strengthened in a comprehensive and objective way; (3) The use of LNCS in weight reduction programmes that involve replacing caloric sweeteners with LNCS in the context of structured diet plans may favour sustainable weight reduction. Furthermore, their use in diabetes management programmes may contribute to a better glycaemic control in patients, albeit with modest results. LNCS also provide dental health benefits when used in place of free sugars; (4) It is proposed that foods and beverages with LNCS could be included in dietary guidelines as alternative options to products sweetened with free sugars; (5) Continued education of health professionals is required, since they are a key source of information on issues related to food and health for both the general population and patients. With this in mind, the publication of position statements and consensus documents in the academic literature are extremely desirable

A Biphasic and Brain-Region Selective Down-Regulation of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Concentrations Supports Object Recognition in the Rat

Background: We aimed to further understand the relationship between cAMP concentration and mnesic performance. Methods and Findings: Rats were injected with milrinone (PDE3 inhibitor, 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.), rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor, 0.3 mg/ kg, i.p.) and/or the selective 5-HT4R agonist RS 67333 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) before testing in the object recognition paradigm. Cyclic AMP concentrations were measured in brain structures linked to episodic-like memory (i.e. hippocampus, prefrontal and perirhinal cortices) before or after either the sample or the testing phase. Except in the hippocampus of rolipram treated-rats, all treatment increased cAMP levels in each brain sub-region studied before the sample phase. After the sample phase, cAMP levels were significantly increased in hippocampus (1.8 fold), prefrontal (1.3 fold) and perirhinal (1.3 fold) cortices from controls rat while decreased in prefrontal cortex (,0.83 to 0.62 fold) from drug-treated rats (except for milrinone+RS 67333 treatment). After the testing phase, cAMP concentrations were still increased in both the hippocampus (2.76 fold) and the perirhinal cortex (2.1 fold) from controls animals. Minor increase were reported in hippocampus and perirhinal cortex from both rolipram (respectively, 1.44 fold and 1.70 fold) and milrinone (respectively 1.46 fold and 1.56 fold)-treated rat. Following the paradigm, cAMP levels were significantly lower in the hippocampus, prefrontal and perirhinal cortices from drug-treated rat when compared to controls animals, however, only drug-treated rats spent longer time exploring the novel object during the testing phase (inter-phase interval of 4 h)

Synthesis and characterization of TM-doped CuO (TM = Fe, Ni)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Polycrystalline Cu1-xTMxO samples (x = 0 and 0.06; TM = Ni2+ and Fe3+) were grown using a co-precipitation method. The structural and magnetic properties were investigated by means of temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility and room temperature X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The XRPD analyses of the samples reveal the formation of single phase with structure isomorphous to the CuO. Interestingly, T-dependent magnetization shows the reduction of Neel temperature, T-N, from 213 K in the copper oxide to 70 K in the Fe-doped sample (x = 0.06). Because in the Ni-doped samples TN seems to be unaffected, this decrease in TN is believed to be due to the different electronic structure of the dopant. The ferromagnetic behavior observed at room temperature in all samples can be related to both the level of oxygen (excess or vacancy) of our samples and to the difference in the magnetic structure of the dopant. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.35442-4448304832Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Synthesis and characterization of NiO and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles obtained by a sucrose-based route

Crystalline oxide powders were synthesized in nanoscale dimensions by a simple and novel chemical route, which is based on the use of sucrose as a chelating agent. The starting solutions were evaporated at 60 degrees C and the resulting gel was heated up to 300, 600 or 750 degrees C. The process was able to produce nickel oxide and nickel ferrite, characterized by structural and microscopic techniques. The average size of the particle was estimated by both Scherrer's equation and electron microscopy, and the results indicated that particles with a high crystallinity and a mean size in the range of 11-36nm were obtained. This synthesis route was able to produce NiFe2O4 and NiO nanoparticles at temperatures as low as 300 and 350 degrees C, respectively. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.68459459

A simple method to obtain Fe-doped CeO2 nanocrystals at room temperature

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Ce1-xFexO2 nanocrystals (0 < x < 0.05) have been synthesized at room temperature using the coprecipitation method. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetization measurements as a function of field. The XRD results and Rietveld refinement analysis show that all particles have a crystalline structure isomorphous to the host structure (CeO2), with average size of 9 nm. This information was also confirmed by TEM images in which it is shown that the particles present spherical-like shape. The magnetic measurements indicated that the Fe-doped samples exhibit a weak ferromagnetism at room temperature, which increases with the increasing of the Fe content. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.327185188Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPITEC (Sergipe)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline particles in an amorphous Fe73.5Nb3CuSi13.5B9 matrix

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)We report structural and magnetic properties of fine particles embedded in an amorphous magnetic matrix. As-quenched amorphous Fe73.5Nb3CuSi13.5B9 ribbons (FINEMET) were submitted to the thermal treatments of several times (1 <= t <= 240 min) at 570 degrees C using a conventional furnace. The analyses of the X-ray diffraction patterns at room temperature reveal that our samples consist of single phase Fe3Si nanocrystals embedded in a residual amorphous phase. Magnetic measurements show that the saturation moment at T = 450 degrees C increases as a function of annealing time. This behavior is attributed to an increase of the fraction of nanocrystallites in the residual amorphous phase. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.35442-4448714873Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP