FREQUENCY OF THE TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOUR IN DOGS: CASELOAD IN THE PATHOLOGY LABORATORY OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARCOS (PERIOD 1998-2004)

El presente estudio se realizó para determinar la frecuencia del Tumor Venéreo Transmisible (TVT) en canes de la ciudad de Lima durante el periodo 1998-2004 y establecer su relación con el sexo, edad y raza; así como determinar las localizaciones más frecuentes de las neoplasias. Se analizaron los registros de citología e histopatología del Laboratorio de Patología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se encontró una frecuencia de TVT de 8.4% (78/925), no existiendo predisposición de sexo. Los animales más afectados fueron de raza cruzada y los que tenían entre 1 y 5 años de edad. La localización más frecuente del tumor fue el genital externo (prepucio o pene en los machos y la vulva o vagina en las hembras); sin embargo, también se pudo observar localizaciones extragenitales como en piel, mucosas nasal, oral y anal, ganglio inguinal y bazo.The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of Transmissible Venereal Tumour (TVT) in dogs from Lima city, during 1998 to 2004, to establish the relationship with sex, breed, and age, and to determine the organs most affected by the tumours. The cytology and histopathology records of the Pathology Laboratory (School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos) were analyzed. The frequency of TVT was 8.4% (78/925), and without sex effect. Crossbred dogs and dogs of one to five years of age were the most affected. The external genitalia were the most affected site (prepuce or penis in males and vulva or vagina in females). Extra genital lesions in the nasal, oral, and anal mucosa, skin, inguinal lymph nodules and spleen were also observed

Time-dependent analysis of extra length of stay and mortality due to ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive-care units of ten limited-resources countries: findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)

Ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAPs) are a worldwide problem that significantly increases patient morbidity, mortality, and length of stay (LoS), and their effects should be estimated to account for the timing of infection. The purpose of the study was to estimate extra LoS and mortality in an intensive-care unit (ICU) due to a VAP in a cohort of 69 248 admissions followed for 283 069 days in ICUs from 10 countries. Data were arranged according to the multi-state format. Extra LoS and increased risk of death were estimated independently in each country, and their results were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. VAP prolonged LoS by an average of 2.03 days (95% CI 1.52-2.54 days), and increased the risk of death by 14% (95% CI 2-27). The increased risk of death due to VAP was explained by confounding with patient morbidity