Vigor de clones de umezeiro e pessegueiro 'Okinawa' propagados por estacas herbáceas

The objective of this work was to evaluate the vigour of three mume's clones (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) and 'Okinawa' peach tree [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], propagated by herbaceous cuttings, at field conditions. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, using four treatments (genotypes) and five repetitions, with 0.5 m among plants. 'Okinawa' peach presented larger trunck diameter, in relation to mume's clones. In the adjacent analysis of the variables, mume's Clone 10 reveals least vigorous, indicating the possibility of success as dwarf rootstock for peach tree.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o vigor de três clones de umezeiro (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) e do pessegueiro 'Okinawa' [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], propagados por estacas herbáceas, em condições de campo. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos (genótipos) e cinco repetições. As plantas foram espaçadas 0,5 m entre si. O pessegueiro 'Okinawa' apresentou maior diâmetro do tronco, em relação aos clones de umezeiro. Na análise conjunta das variáveis, o Clone 10 revela-se o menos vigoroso, indicando a possibilidade de sucesso como porta-enxerto ananizante para pessegueiro

Participatory management assessment in State Parks open for public visits in the state of Minas Gerais

Assessing and understanding participation effectiveness is fundamental to promote management excellence in a Conservation Unit. The central topic of this study is the Advisory Councils of State Parks open to public visits in Minas Gerais, and was written after applying a questionnaire that allowed making a participatory management self-perception diagnosis based on understanding the technically-defined duties for these councilors, as established in Federal Decree No. 4,340/2002. Through its autarchic body, Instituto Estadual de Florestas, the state of Minas Gerais is responsible for administering 42 Parks, 11 of which are the basis of this study for being considered open to the public and having adequate infrastructures to welcome and serve visitors. In this research, the counselors' strengths, difficulties, shortcomings and understanding in the “institutional”, “individual” and “functional” dimensions are evaluated through an adaptation of the technique called “Medición de la efectividad del Manejo de Áreas Protegidas”, conceived by Cifuentes, Izurieta and De Faria (2000). 127 participation instances were obtained from an overall scenario of 229 counselors. The results evidence predominance of the male gender (68%), urban areas residents (83%) and individuals with graduate studies (55%). Regarding the “institutional” and “functional” dimensions, the majority (56%) is not clear about the reasons for creating the Park in which they are advisory members. Unawareness is also verified in the fact that only 8% understand the reasons for the Conservation Unit to exist. Considering the methodology used, effectiveness of the Parks was assessed as with more than 50% of their counselors participating in this research, and their participation effectiveness was considered satisfactory. However, the need for continuous actions is reinforced as a motivating factor for greater involvement of the counselors and local communities in management of the Parks, fundamental to achieving their main creation objectives.A avaliação e a compreensão da efetividade da participação são fundamentais na promoção da excelência da gestão de uma Unidade de Conservação. Este estudo tem como tema central os Conselhos Consultivos dos Parques Estaduais abertos à visitação pública em Minas Gerais, e foi escrito após a aplicação de um questionário que permitiu realizar um diagnóstico de autopercepção da gestão participativa sobre o entendimento dos deveres tecnicamente definidos para esses conselheiros, estabelecidos no Decreto Federal 4.340/2002. O Estado de Minas Gerais, por meio de sua autarquia, o Instituto Estadual de Florestas, é responsável pela administração de 42 Parques, sendo 11 a base desse estudo por serem considerados abertos à visitação pública, possuindo infraestrutura adequada de recebimento e atendimento ao visitante. Nessa pesquisa avalia-se as potencialidades, dificuldades, carências e entendimentos dos conselheiros nas dimensões da institucionalidade, individualidade e funcionalidade por meio de uma adaptação da técnica denominada Medicion de la efectividadedel Manejo de Areas Protegidas, idealizada por Cifuentes, Izurieta e De Faria (2000). Foram obtidas, 127 participações, em um cenário total de 229 conselheiros. Os resultados evidenciaram a dominância do gênero masculino (68%), residentes em zonas urbanas (83%) e pós-graduados (55%). Nas dimensões institucional e funcional, a maior parte (56%) não possui clareza sobre os motivos da criação do Parque em que é membro conselheiro. Desconhecimento também em que, somente 8% compreendem os motivos da existência da unidade de conservação. Considerando-se a metodologia utilizada, avaliou-se a efetividade dos Parques com índice superior a 50% de seus conselheiros participando dessa pesquisa, e sua efetividade de participação foi considerada satisfatória. Entretanto, reforça-se a necessidade de ações contínuas como fator motivador para um maior envolvimento dos conselheiros e das comunidades locais na gestão dos Parques, fundamentais para que se alcancem seus principais objetivos de criação

Root distribution of mume rootstocks budded with 'Aurora-1' peach

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a distribuição do sistema radicular de três porta-enxertos de umezeiro (Prunus mume Siebold et Zucc.), Clone 05, Clone 15 e a cultivar Rigitano, propagados por estacas herbáceas, em condições de campo. As plantas, enxertadas com o pessegueiro 'Aurora-1' [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], foram conduzidas no espaçamento de 6x1 m em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo eutrófico de textura arenosa média. Aos 34 meses após o transplantio, foram avaliadas duas plantas de cada porta-enxerto, tendo-se demarcado 36 monólitos (0,5x0,5x0,4 m) ao redor de cada planta, com barras de ferro (0,6 m) e fitas de plástico. O solo foi removido com jatos de água até a profundidade de 0,4 m. Não houve diferença entre os porta-enxertos, na massa de matéria fresca e seca de raízes, e na distribuição das raízes finas e grossas ao redor da planta. Mesmo sem a formação de uma raiz pivotante típica, as raízes grossas apresentaram crescimento vertical, além dos 0,4 m avaliados, e concentraram-se a 0,5 m ao redor do tronco da planta. As raízes finas apresentaram crescimento horizontal, além da projeção da copa, e também além dos 1,5 m avaliados, no sentido transversal à linha de plantio. Os Clones 05, 15 e a cultivar Rigitano de umezeiro, usados como porta-enxerto de pessegueiro, apresentam ancoragem satisfatória de plantas.The objective of this research was to study the root distribution of three mume (Prunus mume Siebold et Zucc.) rootstocks (Clone 05, Clone 15, and Rigitano cultivar) propagated by herbaceous cuttings, in field conditions. The plants budded with 'Aurora-1' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were carried in 6x1 m space in a Hapludalfs soil with sandy medium texture. After 34 months of transplant, two plants of each rootstock were evaluated, being demarcated 36 monoliths (0.5x0.5x0.4 m) round about of each plant, with iron bars (0.6 m) and plastic ribbons. The soil was removed with water jets until 0.4 m depth. There were no differences, among rootstocks, in fresh and dry root weight, and in thin and thick roots which showed similar distribution around the plant among rootstocks studied. Although showing no typical axial root formation, thick roots presented vertical growth, beyond 0.4 m depth, and concentrated 0.5 m around the trunk. The fine roots presented horizontal growth beyond the canopy projection and beyond the evaluated distance of 1.5 m in transversal sense to line plantation. The clones 05, 15 and Rigitano cultivar, used as mume rootstocks, show suitable peach tree anchorage

Seleção de progênies de cafeeiros do grupo catucaí

The coffee tree genetic improvement has brought expressive profit to the activity through the use of cultivars with high productivity and favorable agronomic traits. The aim of the improvement programs is gatheningthe best characters in a cultivar. So it searched to select the coffee tree progenies for favorable characteristics of productivity, grains size, vegetative force, resistance to rust and cercospora leaf spot. The experiments were carried out at the EPAMIG Experimental Farm, in TrêsPontas - Minas Gerais, which were used 33 progenies, derived of mix among cultivars of the group Icatu and Catuaí. The square lattice 6x6 with 3 replicates was the experimental designs adopted, and the assessments were made during 4 crops (2009/10, 2010/11, 2011/12 e 2012/13). The characteristics tested were: productivity (bags. ha-1), perceptual of retained fruits in sieves 17 up, notes: vegetative vigor and incidence andseverity of rust. The H6-47-10 Cova 3progenies and H4-35-11 Cv10 show superior productivity to the other progenies and cultivars with favorable characteristics grainsize and plant vigor but were allocated in the group of higher infestationofrust.TheHMSCv13progenies andHMSCv11are note worthy for addition to have a high production and plant vigor is allocated in the group with minor infestation of rust. Regarding the grain size of these two progenies are allocated in the second group along with the commercial cultivars Catuai Amarelo IAC 62 and Catucai Amarelo 2SL.O melhoramento genético do cafeeiro tem dado efetiva contribuição à cafeicultura brasileira em todas as regiões produtoras de café, por meio do desenvolvimento de cultivares com alta capacidade produtiva, aliada a outras caraterísticas de interesse agronômico e tecnológico para os cafeicultores e consumidores de café. Reunir a expressão favorável para os caracteres de interesse em uma cultivar é o objetivo dos programas de melhoramento. Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, avaliar progênies de cafeeiros do grupo Catucaí, portadoras de caracteres de interesse para o agronegócio café. Dessa forma, foram selecionados genótipos de cafeeiros com características favoráveis de produtividade, tamanho de grãos, vigor vegetativo e resistência à ferrugem. O experimento foi instalado no Campo Experimental de Três Pontas, na EPAMIG SUL,utilizando-se 36 tratamentos, sendo 33 progênies derivadas do cruzamento entre cafeeiros do grupo Icatu e cafeeiros do grupo Catuaí e 3 cultivares testemunhas (Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Catucaí Amarelo 2 SL e Icatu Precoce IAC 3282). O delineamento experimental foi o látice quadrado 6 x 6, com 3 repetições e as avaliações foram realizadas durante quatro colheitas (2009/10, 2010/11, 2011/12 e 2012/2013). As características avaliadas foram: produtividade média (sacas ha-1), porcentagem de frutos retidos em peneira 17 e acima, vigor vegetativo, incidência e severidade da ferrugem. Os resultados permitem concluir que os tratamentos apresentaram variabilidade para as características produtividade, tamanho de grãos, incidência e severidade de ferrugem. As progênies H 6-47-10 Cova 3 e H 4-35-11 Cv 10 apresentam produtividade superior às demais progênies e cultivares, com características favoráveis de tamanho de grãos e vigor vegetativo, embora tenham exibido maior infecção de ferrugem. As progênies H MS Cv 13 e H MS Cv 11 merecem destaque, pois além de apresentarem alta produtividade média e elevado vigor vegetativo, pertencem ao grupo de progênies com menor infecção de ferrugem; apesar de estarem posicionadas no segundo agrupamento, em relação ao tamanho de grãos, juntamente com as cultivares comerciais Catuai Amarelo IAC 62 e Catucai Amarelo 2SL

Lipolytic Enzymes with Hydrolytic and Esterification Activities Produced by Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Decomposition Leaves in an Aquatic Environment

Microbial lipases are prominent biocatalysts able to catalyze a wide variety of reactions in aqueous and nonaqueous media. In this work, filamentous fungi isolated from leaves decomposed in an aquatic environment were screened for lipase production with hydrolytic activity and esterification. Agar plates with Tween 20 and Rhodamine B were used for selection, while submerged cultures with olive oil were subsequently used to select 38 filamentous fungi. Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium solani, Trichoderma harzianum F5, and Penicillium sp. F36 were grown in six different culture media. F. solani presented the highest lipase production (2.37 U/mL) with esterification activity of 0.07 U/mL using medium composed of (g.L-1) KH2PO4 1.00, MgSO4 H2O 1.123, and CuSO4 0.06. Supplementation of this culture medium with organic nitrogen sources increased lipase production by 461.3% using tryptone and by 419.4% using yeast extract. Among the vegetable oils from the Amazon region, degummed cotton oil induced lipase production up to 8.14 U/mL. The lipase produced by F. solani F61 has great potential to application in conventional processes and biodiesel production by transesterification of vegetable oils, as well as food industries in the production of fatty acid esters by hydrolysis and esterification. © 2019 D. B. Mendes et al

Prevalence of asymptomatic urethritis by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and associated risk factors among males living with HIV-1

Objectives The increase in HIV transmissibility in non-ulcerative sexually transmitted infection is already well-established. It is estimated that symptomatic carriers of N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis have a relative risk of 4.8-fold and 3.6-fold, respectively, for the sexual acquisition of HIV. This type of evaluation for asymptomatic urethritis is necessary to reinforce strategies to combat HIV transmission. This study aims to assess the prevalence of patients with asymptomatic urethritis among men diagnosed with HIV-1 and determine the risk factors associated with this infection. Methods We enrolled a total of 115 male patients aged 18 years or older who have been diagnosed with HIV infection and have no symptoms of urethritis or other sexually transmitted infections and who have been evaluated between May and August 2015 in a follow-up visit at the Immunology Outpatient Clinic of a Brazilian University Hospital. Results Four asymptomatic patients were positive for C. trachomatis and were considered asymptomatic carriers of urethritis. Prevalence was 3.47%. Patients who were positive for C. trachomatis urethritis had a lower mean age (p = 0.015). Conclusion The presence of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infection is a challenge in clinical practice. We recommend that, in outpatient practice, the habit of inquiring on previous sexual behavior to obtain more information about risks and associations with asymptomatic sexually transmitted infection, a routine physical examination and complementary tests to detect STI pathogens should be performed to discard these conditions. The development of rapid tests for this purpose should also be encouraged

Chlamydia trachomatis asymptomatic urethritis recurrence among males living with HIV-1

A prevalence of 3.47% of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis has been previously reported among males living with HIV infection in Brazil. This study aims to assess the recurrence of C. trachomatis urethritis three years later in the same cohort of patients and analyze associated risk factors. A total of 115 male patients diagnosed with HIV infection, with no symptoms of urethritis and observed since May of 2015 in followup visits were enrolled. They had urine samplers tested by PCR for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae between February and March 2018. Results: Three of the four patients who had asymptomatic C. trachomatis urethritis three years before were recurrently positive for C. trachomatis urethritis. Two new patients were diagnosed as positives, accounting for a total asymptomatic C. trachomatis urethritis prevalence of 4.34%. The prevalence during the whole study was 5.21%. The relative risk for a new urethritis episode among those previously diagnosed with urethritis is RR=41.62 (95% CI: 9.42-183.84), p < 0.01. Patients who presented asymptomatic urethritis anytime and who were recurrently positive for C. trachomatis had a lower mean age (p<0.01). Married individuals were protected regarding asymptomatic urethritis [p<0.01, OR = 0.04 (0.005-0.4)] and had lower risk to develop recurrence [p<0.01, RR = 0.86 (0.74-0.99)]. Illicit drugs users had risk associated to asymptomatic urethritis [p=0.02, OR= 5.9 (1.03-34)] and higher risk to develop recurrence [p<0.01, RR=1.1 (1-1.22)]. Conclusion: The recurrence of asymptomatic C. trachomatis urethritis after treatment among males living with HIV infection in Brazil can be considered high and should not be neglected