Descriptive study of sedentary behaviours in 35,444 French working adults: cross-sectional findings from the ACTI-Cités study

International audienceBackground : Given the unfavourable health outcomes associated with sedentary behaviours, there is a need to better understand the context in which these behaviours take place to better address this public health concern. We explored self-reported sedentary behaviours by type of day (work/non-work), occupation, and perceptions towards physical activity, in a large sample of adults.Methods : We assessed sedentary behaviours cross-sectionally in 35,444 working adults (mean ± SD age: 44.5 ± 13.0 y) from the French NutriNet-Santé web-based cohort. Participants self-reported sedentary behaviours, assessed as domain-specific sitting time (work, transport, leisure) and time spent in sedentary entertainment (TV/DVD, computer and other screen-based activities, non-screen-based activities) on workdays and non-workdays, along with occupation type (ranging from mainly sitting to heavy manual work) and perceptions towards physical activity. Associations of each type of sedentary behaviour with occupation type and perceptions towards physical activity were analysed by day type in multiple linear regression analyses.Results : On workdays, adults spent a mean (SD) of 4.17 (3.07) h/day in work sitting, 1.10 (1.69) h/day in transport sitting, 2.19 (1.62) h/day in leisure-time sitting, 1.53 (1.24) h/day viewing TV/DVDs, 2.19 (2.62) h/day on other screen time, and 0.97 (1.49) on non-screen time. On non-workdays, this was 0.85 (1.53) h/day in transport sitting, 3.19 (2.05) h/day in leisure-time sitting, 2.24 (1.76) h/day viewing TV/DVDs, 1.85 (1.74) h/day on other screen time, and 1.30 (1.35) on non-screen time. Time spent in sedentary behaviours differed by occupation type, with more sedentary behaviour outside of work (both sitting and entertainment time), in those with sedentary occupations, especially on workdays. Negative perceptions towards physical activity were associated with more sedentary behaviour outside of work (both sitting and entertainment time), irrespective of day type.Conclusions : A substantial amount of waking hours was spent in different types of sedentary behaviours on workdays and non-workdays. Being sedentary at work was associated with more sedentary behaviour outside of work. Negative perceptions towards physical activity may influence the amount of time spent in sedentary behaviours. These data should help to better identify target groups in public health interventions to reduce sedentary behaviours in working adults

Activité physique, transport actif et sédentarité : facteurs individuels associés et conséquences sur la santé chez les adultes français

Physical activity is a protective factor for common chronic diseases, while sedentary behavioris a risk factor. Among the different domains of habitual physical activity, active transportation (walking, cycling) is a topic of growing interest. A better understanding of the determinants and health effects of physical activity and sedentary lifestyles is essential to develop public health interventions targeted for at-risk populations. The objectives of this thesis were to investigate some individual factors associated with specific domains of walking and cycling, and to explore the relationship of specific areas of sedentary lifestyle with health outcomes, taking into account the effects of habitual physical activity. We measured physical activity and sedentary behavior cross-sectionally with questionnaire in the NutriNet-Santé French adults cohort (n = 39,295 subjects) and longitudinally in the SU.VI.MAX cohort (n =2,841). Our results indicate that the different domains of walking (commuting, leisure andutility) and their relationships with individual factors are not homogeneous, that during the transition to retirement the decrease in occupational physical activity was not offset by newly developed behaviors, and finally that specific physical activity and sedentary lifestyles could affect cardiometabolic risk factors and excessive daytime sleepiness. These results should contribute to a better understanding of the health behaviors of the French population, in order to better target preventive and health promotion interventions.L’activité physique est un facteur protecteur vis à vis des pathologies chroniques les plus fréquentes, tandis que la sédentarité en est un facteur de risque. Parmi les domaines de l’activité physique habituelle, le transport actif (marche, vélo) est l’objet d’un intérêt croissant. Mieux comprendre les déterminants et les effets sur la santé de l’activité physique et de la sédentarité est essentiel pour élaborer des interventions de santé publique ciblées sur les populations à risque. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’étudier certains facteurs individuels associés à des domaines spécifiques de la marche et du vélo et étudier les relations de domaines spécifiques de la sédentarité avec certains événements de santé, en prenant en compte les effets de l’activité physique. Nous avons mesuré par questionnaires l’activité physique et la sédentarité d’adultes français de manière transversale dans la cohorte NutriNet-Santé (n=39 295), et longitudinalement dans la cohorte SU.VI.MAX (n=2 841). Nous avons mis en évidence que les différentes pratiques de marche (pour aller au travail, de loisir et utilitaire) et leurs relations avec des facteurs individuels ne sont pas homogènes, que lors du passage à la retraite la diminution d’activité physique professionnelle n’était pas compensée par les nouveaux comportements développés, et enfin que les spécificités de l’activité physique et de la sédentarité pouvaient influer sur des facteurs de risque cardiométaboliques et sur le sommeil. Ces résultats participent à une compréhension approfondie des pratiques et des modes de vie de la population française, pour pouvoir mieux cibler les actes de prévention ou de promotion de la santé

Physical activity, active transportation and sedentary behaviors : relationships with individual and health factors among French adults

L’activité physique est un facteur protecteur vis à vis des pathologies chroniques les plus fréquentes, tandis que la sédentarité en est un facteur de risque. Parmi les domaines de l’activité physique habituelle, le transport actif (marche, vélo) est l’objet d’un intérêt croissant. Mieux comprendre les déterminants et les effets sur la santé de l’activité physique et de la sédentarité est essentiel pour élaborer des interventions de santé publique ciblées sur les populations à risque. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’étudier certains facteurs individuels associés à des domaines spécifiques de la marche et du vélo et étudier les relations de domaines spécifiques de la sédentarité avec certains événements de santé, en prenant en compte les effets de l’activité physique. Nous avons mesuré par questionnaires l’activité physique et la sédentarité d’adultes français de manière transversale dans la cohorte NutriNet-Santé (n=39 295), et longitudinalement dans la cohorte SU.VI.MAX (n=2 841). Nous avons mis en évidence que les différentes pratiques de marche (pour aller au travail, de loisir et utilitaire) et leurs relations avec des facteurs individuels ne sont pas homogènes, que lors du passage à la retraite la diminution d’activité physique professionnelle n’était pas compensée par les nouveaux comportements développés, et enfin que les spécificités de l’activité physique et de la sédentarité pouvaient influer sur des facteurs de risque cardiométaboliques et sur le sommeil. Ces résultats participent à une compréhension approfondie des pratiques et des modes de vie de la population française, pour pouvoir mieux cibler les actes de prévention ou de promotion de la santé.Physical activity is a protective factor for common chronic diseases, while sedentary behavioris a risk factor. Among the different domains of habitual physical activity, active transportation (walking, cycling) is a topic of growing interest. A better understanding of the determinants and health effects of physical activity and sedentary lifestyles is essential to develop public health interventions targeted for at-risk populations. The objectives of this thesis were to investigate some individual factors associated with specific domains of walking and cycling, and to explore the relationship of specific areas of sedentary lifestyle with health outcomes, taking into account the effects of habitual physical activity. We measured physical activity and sedentary behavior cross-sectionally with questionnaire in the NutriNet-Santé French adults cohort (n = 39,295 subjects) and longitudinally in the SU.VI.MAX cohort (n =2,841). Our results indicate that the different domains of walking (commuting, leisure andutility) and their relationships with individual factors are not homogeneous, that during the transition to retirement the decrease in occupational physical activity was not offset by newly developed behaviors, and finally that specific physical activity and sedentary lifestyles could affect cardiometabolic risk factors and excessive daytime sleepiness. These results should contribute to a better understanding of the health behaviors of the French population, in order to better target preventive and health promotion interventions

Promoting physical activity in a low-income neighborhood of the Paris suburb of Saint-Denis: effects of a community-based intervention to increase physical activity

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) is a key factor for facing the increasing prevalence of obesity and overweight, and should be part of every public health programs. In this context, a community-based public health program promoting PA was developed in a low-income neighborhood of the city of Saint-Denis (France). Methods This work aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a 2-year PA promotion program. A quasi-experimental study was carried out using a pre/post design, with an assessment before (2013) and after (2015) the program. The interviewees were selected using a stratified random cluster sampling. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants practicing sufficient PA (WHO guidelines), and was measured using the RPAQ questionnaire. External interventions (on both neighborhood environment and inhabitants) were listed. Results We collected 199 questionnaires at baseline and 217 in 2015. There was a majority of women in both samples: 64.3 % in 2013 and 58.2 % in 2015. The average age of participants was 38.1 years (+/−1.1) and 40.6 (+/−1.1) respectively. The proportion of people practicing sufficient PA was modified from 48.1 % in 2013 to 63.5 % in 2015 (p = 0.001). This was mainly driven by women whose level of PA, increased from 40.3 % to 60.3 % (p = 0.002), reaching the average national French estimation of PA level among adults (63.5 %). Conclusions This work showed a significant increase of the proportion of people practicing PA in a disadvantaged neighborhood where a community-based program promoting PA was developed. Simultaneous external interventions contributed to the results, showing the necessity of synergic interventions to reach efficiency

Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior and Their Cross-Sectional Associations with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in the French SU.VI.MAX-2 Study

International audienceThe potential benefit of physical activity in terms of decreasing excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) prevalence is unclear, especially in aging adults. We aimed to elucidate the associations among physical activity, sedentariness, and EDS in middle-aged and older adults. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from a subsample of participants in the SU.VI.MAX-2 observational study (2007-2009; N = 4179; mean age = 61.9 years). EDS was defined as a score > 10 on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Leisure-time physical activity and different types of sedentary behavior were assessed with the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire. The associations were examined with multivariable logistic regression models. In the adjusted multivariable model, total leisure-time physical activity (modeled in quartiles, Q) was significantly, inversely associated with EDS (odds ratios (OR)(Q4 vs Q1) = 0.70, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.54-0.89). The association persisted in analyses restricted to individuals not taking sleep medication (ORQ4 vs Q1 = 0.72, 95 % CI = 0.54-0.95). In turn, time spent watching television and time spent reading appeared protective against EDS (ORQ4 vs Q1 = 0.73, 95 % CI = 0.57-0.94; ORQ4 vs Q1 = 0.76, 95 % CI = 0.60-0.97, respectively), whereas time spent on a computer appeared to confer an increased risk for EDS (ORQ4 vs Q1 = 1.30, 95 % CI = 1.05-1.62). When physical activity and sedentariness were modeled jointly, using WHO recommendation-based cutoffs for high/low levels, no significant associations were observed in the fully adjusted models. The findings reinforce public health recommendations promoting behavior modification and specifically moderate-intensity exercise in middle-aged and older adults. The association of high physical activity/low sedentariness with EDS, which was not supported by the data, merits further investigation before firm conclusions could be drawn

Association between blood pressure and adherence to french dietary guidelines

International audienceAdopting a healthy diet like the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or Mediterranean diet (MD) represents a major lifestyle for blood pressure (BP) control in general population. Nutritional policies, such as the French Nutrition and Health Program (Programme National Nutrition Sant, or PNNS), have been implemented in several countries with the aims of preventing chronic diseases. The objective of our study was to investigate association between BP and adherence to PNNS guidelines compared with adherence to DASH or MD. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 11,302 untreated participants from the NutriNet-Sant, study, a French web-based cohort study. Three validated scores reflecting adherence to PNNS guidelines, DASH diet, and MD were calculated from repeated 24-hour records. Three BP measurements using a standardized protocol were collected. Multivariate linear models were used to assess the associations between the dietary scores and BP. In women, independent of age, socioeconomic status, body mass index, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and physical activity, adherence to PNNS guidelines was inversely significantly associated with systolic BP (beta = -0.63, P < 0.0001). This association was of similar amplitude that between BP and adherence to DASH-style diet (beta = -0.66, P < 0.0001) or MD (beta = -0.63, P = 0.0002). No significant association was found in men. Adherence to French nutritional recommendations was found negatively associated with BP at the same magnitude as adherence to well-known dietary pattern in the prevention and treatment of hypertension