Correlación entre la relación de adsorciont sodio (RAS) del agua de riego aplicada y el ras final de la solución del suelo

El estudio se realizó en la granja de la Universidad del Magdalena, Municipio de Santa Marta, Departamento del Magdalena. Ubicada a una altura de 13 m.s.n.m. con una precipitación media anual de 700 mm. , una humedad relativa entre el 70 y 72%, temperatura media anual de 28°C y coordenadas geográficas de 74° 07' y 72° 12' de longitud Oeste con el Meridiano de Greenwich y 110 11' y 11014' de latitud Norte con respecto al Ecuador. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue el de buscar la relación que existe entre la Relación de Adsorción de Sodio (RAS) del agua aplicada en el riego y el RAS Resultante de la solución del suelo Receptor. La muestra inicial de agua se tomó del sistema de riego de la Universidad del Magdalena haciéndole el correspondiente análisis químico se determinó su valor de RAS, el cual se fue incrementando dos unidades en cada tratamiento por adición de una sal de Sodio (NaC1). En el tratamiento cero (To) Una vez humedecidas, las muestras de suelo se dejaron equilibrar durante seis horas y luego se procedió a utilizar la extracción del extracto de humedad de saturación del suelo. El filtrado obtenido se analizó químicamente obteniéndose un valor de RAS de 12.31 para el tratamiento To y de 19.00 para el tratamiento T9. Se dio una correlación lineal entre el RAS del agua y el RAS de la solución del suelo, además se encontró un aumento de dos unidades al valor del RAS del agua aplicada, ocasionó el aumento en una unidad al RAS de la solución del suelo

Does electro-peroxonation improve performance of electro-ozonation?

This work focuses on the comparison of the degradation and mineralization of clopyralid with electrochemically produced hydrogen peroxide (electro-H2O2), ozone (electro-ozonation) and their mixture (electro-peroxone) and points out important differences among the performance of the oxidation technologies. Co-existence of electrochemically produced hydrogen peroxide and ozone decreases the concentration of ozone and increases the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the bulk, because of the formation and recombination of hydroxyl radicals. Oxidation of clopyralid and mineralization of the wastewater is less efficient with hydrogen peroxide and more efficient with ozone. Peroxone shows an intermediate performance which can be related with the oxidant’s speciation produced in the wastewater. Different behavior between in situ electrochemically produced ozone and ozone dosed, indicates activation of ozone in the electrolyte during the electro-ozonation process. Results highlights the good performance of the simple electro-ozonation that overcomes other EAOPs and indicates than combination of powerful oxidants in this case does not result in the expected synergism but in antagonistic responses.Este trabajo se centra en la comparación de la degradación y mineralización de la clopiralida con peróxido de hidrógeno producido electroquímicamente (electro-H 2 O 2 ), ozono (electro-ozonización) y su mezcla (electro-peroxona) y señala diferencias importantes entre el rendimiento de Las tecnologías de oxidación. La coexistencia de peróxido de hidrógeno y ozono producidos electroquímicamente disminuye la concentración de ozono y aumenta la concentración de peróxido de hidrógeno a granel, debido a la formación y recombinación de radicales hidroxilo.. La oxidación de clopiralida y la mineralización de las aguas residuales es menos eficiente con peróxido de hidrógeno y más eficiente con ozono. La peroxona muestra un comportamiento intermedio que se puede relacionar con la especiación del oxidante producido en las aguas residuales. El diferente comportamiento entre el ozono producido electroquímicamente in situ y el ozono dosificado, indica la activación del ozono en el electrolito durante el proceso de electro-ozonización. Los resultados destacan el buen desempeño de la electro-ozonización simple que supera a otros EAOP e indica que la combinación de potentes oxidantes en este caso no da como resultado el sinergismo esperado sino respuestas antagónicas

Role of Folic Acid in the Therapeutic Action of Nanostructured Porous Silica Functionalized with Organotin(IV) Compounds against Different Cancer Cell Lines

The synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines of various mesoporous silica-based materials containing folate targeting moieties and a cytotoxic fragment based on a triphenyltin(IV) derivative have been studied. Two different mesoporous nanostructured silica systems have been used: firstly, micronic silica particles of the MSU-2 type and, secondly, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of about 80 nm. Both series of materials have been characterized by different methods, such as powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, absorption spectroscopy and microscopy. In addition, these systems have been tested against four different cancer cell lines, namely, OVCAR-3, DLD-1, A2780 and A431, in order to observe if the size of the silica-based systems and the quantity of incorporated folic acid influence their cytotoxic action. The results show that the materials are more active when the quantity of folic acid is higher, especially in those cells that overexpress folate receptors such as OVCAR-3 and DLD-1. In addition, the study of the potential modulation of the soluble folate receptor alpha (FOLR1) by treatment with the synthesized materials has been carried out using OVCAR-3, DLD-1, A2780 and A431 tumour cell lines. The results show that a relatively high concentration of folic acid functionalization of the nanostructured silica together with the incorporation of the cytotoxic tin fragment leads to an increase in the quantity of the soluble FOLR1 secreted by the tumour cells. In addition, the studies reported here show that this increase of the soluble FOLR1 occurs presumably by cutting the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor of membrane FR-α and by the release of intracellular FR-α. This study validates the potential use of a combination of mesoporous silica materials co-functionalized with folate targeting molecules and an organotin(IV) drug as a strategy for the therapeutic treatment of several cancer cells overexpressing folate receptors.Spanish Government RTI2018-094322-B-I00 CTQ2017-90802-REDTMinistry of Research and Innovation, CNCS-UEFISCDI within PNCDI III PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-014

Abatacept, Cenicriviroc, or Infliximab for Treatment of Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

IMPORTANCE: Immune dysregulation contributes to poorer outcomes in COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether abatacept, cenicriviroc, or infliximab provides benefit when added to standard care for COVID-19 pneumonia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial using a master protocol to investigate immunomodulators added to standard care for treatment of participants hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. The results of 3 substudies are reported from 95 hospitals at 85 clinical research sites in the US and Latin America. Hospitalized patients 18 years or older with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 14 days and evidence of pulmonary involvement underwent randomization between October 2020 and December 2021. INTERVENTIONS: Single infusion of abatacept (10 mg/kg; maximum dose, 1000 mg) or infliximab (5 mg/kg) or a 28-day oral course of cenicriviroc (300-mg loading dose followed by 150 mg twice per day). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was time to recovery by day 28 evaluated using an 8-point ordinal scale (higher scores indicate better health). Recovery was defined as the first day the participant scored at least 6 on the ordinal scale. RESULTS: Of the 1971 participants randomized across the 3 substudies, the mean (SD) age was 54.8 (14.6) years and 1218 (61.8%) were men. The primary end point of time to recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia was not significantly different for abatacept (recovery rate ratio [RRR], 1.12 [95% CI, 0.98-1.28]; P = .09), cenicriviroc (RRR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.86-1.18]; P = .94), or infliximab (RRR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.99-1.28]; P = .08) compared with placebo. All-cause 28-day mortality was 11.0% for abatacept vs 15.1% for placebo (odds ratio [OR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.41-0.94]), 13.8% for cenicriviroc vs 11.9% for placebo (OR, 1.18 [95% CI 0.72-1.94]), and 10.1% for infliximab vs 14.5% for placebo (OR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.39-0.90]). Safety outcomes were comparable between active treatment and placebo, including secondary infections, in all 3 substudies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Time to recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia among hospitalized participants was not significantly different for abatacept, cenicriviroc, or infliximab vs placebo. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04593940

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo

Meeting Abstracts: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo Clearwater Beach, FL, USA. 9-11 June 201

Diseño de un sistema de captación, almacenamiento, tratamiento y distribución de aguas lluvias en el bloque 05 de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia sede Ibagué - Espinal

Debido a las necesidades que se presentan medio ambientales en la actualidad, el ser humano se ha visto en la necesidad de desarrollar sistemas que permitan el aprovechamiento y uso del recurso hídrico, siendo este más escaso a medida que pasa el tiempo. Es así como se han desarrollado sistemas que permiten la captación de agua lluvias las cuales posibilitan la obtención de dicho recurso natural. Por lo anterior se realizó un diseño de captación de aguas lluvias, almacenamiento, tratamiento y distribución en la universidad Cooperativa de Colombia sede Ibagué-Espinal, más exactamente en el Bloque 05 con el fin de brindar una alternativa distinta a la existente para el abastecimiento de agua. Para dicho diseño se realizó a partir de diferentes etapas, en primer lugar se llevó a cabo una inspección al sitio de estudio (de aguas lluvias para el Bloque 05 de la Universidad), en el cual se visualizaron las áreas a intervenir, con el fin de observar la distribución hidráulica existente, seguidamente, se indago sobre datos correspondientes a la precipitación de la estación más cercana al sitio de estudio, dicha información se obtuvo por medio del IDEAM (instituto de hidrología, meteorología y estudios ambientales),continuamente evaluar la calidad del agua de lluvia captada por medio de la norma (Norma), que establece los límites permisibles del agua para uso y consumo humano, posteriormente, diseñar el sistema de captación y distribución de aguas lluvias, luego realizar la relación costo-beneficio del sistema de captación y distribución de aguas lluvias. Finalmente, se obtuvo el diseño de captación de agua lluvias del bloque 05, de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia sede Ibagué-Espinal, El cual comprende un sistema de captación de agua, un tanque de almacenamiento, así mismo una red de distribución, la cual se planteó debido a que no se encontró con los planos de la red existente, se seleccionó un sistema de potabilización de agua la cual es apta para el consumo humano.Due to the current environmental needs, the human being has been in need of developing systems that allow the use and use of the water resource, this being scarcer as time goes by. This is how systems have been developed that allow rainwater harvesting which makes it possible to obtain said natural resource. Therefore, a design of rainwater harvesting, storage, treatment and distribution was carried out at the Cooperative University of Colombia, Ibagué-Espinal headquarters, more precisely in Block 05 in order to provide a different alternative to the existing one for the supply of Water. For this design, it was carried out from different stages, first an inspection was carried out at the study site (of rainwater for Block 05 of the University), in which the areas to intervene were visualized, in order If the existing hydraulic distribution is observed, then the data corresponding to the precipitation of the station closest to the study site is inquired, this information was obtained through the IDEAM (Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies), continuously assess the quality of the rainwater collected by means of the standard (Standard), which establishes the permissible limits of water for human use and consumption, then design the rainwater collection and distribution system, then perform the cost-benefit ratio of the water system. rainwater collection and distribution. Finally, the rainwater collection design of block 05 was obtained, from the Cooperative University of Colombia, Ibagué-Espinal headquarters, which includes a water collection system, a storage tank, as well as a distribution network, which was raised because it did not meet the existing network plans, a water purification system was selected which is suitable for human consumption.1. Resumen . -- 2. Introducción. -- 3. Descripción del problema. -- 4. Justificación. -- 5. Objetivos. -- A. Objetivo general: . -- B. Objetivos específicos. -- 6. Marco conceptual . -- 6.1. Marco referencial . -- 6.1.1. Estado del arte. -- 6.1.2. Marco teórico. -- 6.1.2.1. Sistema de captación de agua de lluvia:. -- 6.1.2.2. Ventajas. -- 6.1.2.3. Desventajas. -- 6.1.2.4. Definición De Los Componentes Del Sistema. -- 6.1.2.6. Bomba. -- 6.1.2.8. Tratamiento De Agua. -- 7. Metodología:. -- 8. Desarrollo del proyecto . -- Fase 1. -- Fase 2 . -- Fase 3. -- Fase 4. -- Fase 5. -- 9. Conclusiones. -- 10. Recomendaciones. -- 11. Bibliografía. -- 12. Anexos. -- 12.1. Anexo 1 Facturas de servicio de Agua IBAL Campus Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Sede Ibagué-Espinal. . -- 12.2. Anexo 2. Catálogo de motobomba barnes. -- 12.3. Anexo 3. -- 12.4. Anexo [email protected]@[email protected]

Integrative Clinical, Molecular, and Computational Analysis Identify Novel Biomarkers and Differential Profiles of Anti-TNF Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: This prospective multicenter study developed an integrative clinical and molecular longitudinal study in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients to explore changes in serologic parameters following anti-TNF therapy (TNF inhibitors, TNFi) and built on machine-learning algorithms aimed at the prediction of TNFi response, based on clinical and molecular profiles of RA patients. Methods: A total of 104 RA patients from two independent cohorts undergoing TNFi and 29 healthy donors (HD) were enrolled for the discovery and validation of prediction biomarkers. Serum samples were obtained at baseline and 6 months after treatment, and therapeutic efficacy was evaluated. Serum inflammatory profile, oxidative stress markers and NETosis-derived bioproducts were quantified and miRNomes were recognized by next-generation sequencing. Then, clinical and molecular changes induced by TNFi were delineated. Clinical and molecular signatures predictors of clinical response were assessed with supervised machine learning methods, using regularized logistic regressions. Results: Altered inflammatory, oxidative and NETosis-derived biomolecules were found in RA patients vs. HD, closely interconnected and associated with specific miRNA profiles. This altered molecular profile allowed the unsupervised division of three clusters of RA patients, showing distinctive clinical phenotypes, further linked to the TNFi effectiveness. Moreover, TNFi treatment reversed the molecular alterations in parallel to the clinical outcome. Machine-learning algorithms in the discovery cohort identified both, clinical and molecular signatures as potential predictors of response to TNFi treatment with high accuracy, which was further increased when both features were integrated in a mixed model (AUC: 0.91). These results were confirmed in the validation cohort. Conclusions: Our overall data suggest that: 1. RA patients undergoing anti-TNF-therapy conform distinctive clusters based on altered molecular profiles, which are directly linked to their clinical status at baseline. 2. Clinical effectiveness of anti-TNF therapy was divergent among these molecular clusters and associated with a specific modulation of the inflammatory response, the reestablishment of the altered oxidative status, the reduction of NETosis, and the reversion of related altered miRNAs. 3. The integrative analysis of the clinical and molecular profiles using machine learning allows the identification of novel signatures as potential predictors of therapeutic response to TNFi therapy.This study was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/00837), cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional de la Unión Europea Una manera de hacer Europa, Spain, the Spanish Inflammatory and Rheumatic Diseases Network (RIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RD16/0012/0015) and the Andalusian Regional Health System (ref. PI-0285-2017). CL-P was supported by a contract from the Spanish Junta de Andalucía (Nicolas Monardes program).Ye

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts