Recovery of nutrients from organic fraction of municipal sólid waste (OFMSW) in the Ecoparc 2 of Montcada i Reixac, Barcelona: alternatives to the current process

Recovery of nutrients from the OFMSW is a relevant topic as evidenced by the European initiative \”End of Waste\”. Following this guideline, the Ecoparc 2 of Montcada i Reixac, belonging to the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, submits the OFMSW to anaerobic digestion and then the digestate is separated mechanically, fisrt by pressing and then by centrifugation. The solid of press (Sp) and the solid of centrifugue (Sc) are com- posted together (CSp+Sc) and used as organic fertilizer. There are alternatives to the current treatment of the OFMSW as: (1) direct use of Sc as fertilizer, (2) composting of Sc (CSc) and (3) composting of Sp (CSp). This paper focuses on analyzing the recovery of nutrientsPostprint (published version

Transferencia de los resultados de Trabajos Fin de Grado y Máster a la docencia -TF-Transfer

Depto. de GeografíaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEsubmitte

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Factibilidad de la industrialización de tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) en el estado de Veracruz, México: Un enfoque agroecosistémico.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar zonas con potencial para la industrialización de tilapia basadas en las condiciones económicas, productivas, sociales y ambientales de las áreas productoras localizadas en el estado de Veracruz, así como, analizar técnica y económicamente los sistemas de procesamiento actuales para determinar su rentabilidad. Las zonas con potencial industrializador se determinaron usando la metodología de zonificación ecológica-económica. Para el análisis económico, se usó la metodología de evaluación de proyectos, se calculó el Beneficio/Costo, la Tasa Interna de Retorno y el Valor Actual Neto. Se aplicó un cursograma analítico y un análisis de flujos para estimar el tiempo, distancia y número de recorridos realizados en el procesamiento de tilapia. Se determinó humedad y proteínas a muestras de tilapias con rangos de peso (g) de: 100-200, 200-300, 300-400 y 400-500. Posteriormente, se plantearon propuestas técnico- económicas a fin de mejorar el sistema de procesamiento de tilapia. Según los datos considerados, el área formada por los municipios de Tlalixcoyan, Medellín de Bravo, La Antigua, Actopan y Boca del Rio tiene un potencial alto para la industrialización de tilapia. Con la propuesta técnica se redujo en 90 minutos el procesamiento de tilapia y la distancia recorrida paso de 89 a 45.5 metros. Dado que, el contenido de proteínas es igual en los pesos de tilapia analizados, es factible usar cualquier talla para elaborar minilla. La propuesta económica, mejoró el ingreso neto anual, pasando de $0.00 a$19,5420, en el primer año de ventas. _______________ FEASIBILITY OF THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis spp.) IN THE STATE OF VERACRUZ, MEXICO: AN APPROACH AGROECOSYSTEMS. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine potential areas for the industrialization of tilapia according to economic, social, productive and environmental conditions of the producing regions of the state of Veracruz, as well as technical and economic analysis of existing processing systems of tilapia. Industrialization potential areas were determined using the methodology of ecological-economic zoning. Economic analysis was evaluated using project evaluation methodology, we calculated the Benefit/Cost, Internal Rate of Return and Net Present Value. Analytical Flowchart and flow analysis were used to estimate the time, distance and number of journeys made in the processing of tilapia. Moisture and protein were measured to tilapia samples ranging in weight (g): 100-200, 200-300, 300-400 and 400-500. Subsequently, technical and economic proposals were elaborated to improve the tilapia processing system. According to the data obtained, the area comprising the municipalities of Tlalixcoyan, Medellín de Bravo, La Antigua, Actopan and Boca del Rio has a high potential for the industrialization of tilapia. With the technical proposal the tilapia processing time was reduced by 90 minutes and the distance walked in tilapia processing from 89 to 45.5 meters. Because the protein is equal in the analyzed tilapia weights, it is feasible to use any size for minilla production. The economic proposal improves annual net income, from $0.00 to$ 19,542 in the first year of sales.Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias, especialista en Agroecosistemas Tropicales).- Colegio de Postgraduados, 2011.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)

Recovery of nutrients from organic fraction of municipal sólid waste (OFMSW) in the Ecoparc 2 of Montcada i Reixac, Barcelona: alternatives to the current process

Recovery of nutrients from the OFMSW is a relevant topic as evidenced by the European initiative \”End of Waste\”. Following this guideline, the Ecoparc 2 of Montcada i Reixac, belonging to the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, submits the OFMSW to anaerobic digestion and then the digestate is separated mechanically, fisrt by pressing and then by centrifugation. The solid of press (Sp) and the solid of centrifugue (Sc) are com- posted together (CSp+Sc) and used as organic fertilizer. There are alternatives to the current treatment of the OFMSW as: (1) direct use of Sc as fertilizer, (2) composting of Sc (CSc) and (3) composting of Sp (CSp). This paper focuses on analyzing the recovery of nutrient

Recovery of nutrients from organic fraction of municipal sólid waste (OFMSW) in the Ecoparc 2 of Montcada i Reixac, Barcelona: alternatives to the current process

Recovery of nutrients from the OFMSW is a relevant topic as evidenced by the European initiative \”End of Waste\”. Following this guideline, the Ecoparc 2 of Montcada i Reixac, belonging to the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, submits the OFMSW to anaerobic digestion and then the digestate is separated mechanically, fisrt by pressing and then by centrifugation. The solid of press (Sp) and the solid of centrifugue (Sc) are com- posted together (CSp+Sc) and used as organic fertilizer. There are alternatives to the current treatment of the OFMSW as: (1) direct use of Sc as fertilizer, (2) composting of Sc (CSc) and (3) composting of Sp (CSp). This paper focuses on analyzing the recovery of nutrient

El cambio climático afecta el número de horas de los rangos térmicos del chile en el norte-centro de México

In Mexico, chili cultivation has a long cultural tradition and is one of the main centers of origin and domestication. An average of 97,306 ha is planted annually in the north of the country. However, the productivity of the chili crop is very erratic due to biotic and abiotic factors that occur during its development. Extreme temperatures and water availability are two of the dominant abiotic stressors. The objective of this work was to know the effect of global warming, on the thermal range of the chili crop. A historical analysis was performed on the variation of the number of hours with temperature inside and outside the thermal range of chili, and a similar analysis in the climatic scenarios 2050 and 2070 in the RCPs 4.5 and 8.5. Both in the historical analysis and in the climatologies we found positive and negative effects of global warming. Global warming will favor chilli cultivation with a surface increase (22.6%) with hourly temperature within development thresholds (15 to 32 °C) and a surface increase (15.8%) within the optimum temperature range (18 to 28 °C). Chili cultivation will be limited by the increase (20.8%) in the surface area with hourly temperature above the upper threshold (32 °C) and an increase (18.5%) in the area with a night time temperature above the upper threshold of night temperature (18 °C) in RCP 4.5 and in climatology 2050. High temperature stress will have an eff ect on the yield decrease due to the negative eff ect on pollination and fruit binding processes. Palabras clave: Capsicum annuum, global warming, hourly temperature, Mexico, RCP.En México el cultivo del chile tiene una larga tradición cultural y es uno de los principales centros de origen y domesticación, anualmente se siembran en promedio 97 306 ha en el Norte Centro del país. Sin embargo, la productividad del cultivo de chile es muy errática debido a factores bióticos y abióticos que se presentan durante su desarrollo. Temperaturas extremas y la disponibilidad de agua son dos de los factores de estrés abiótico dominantes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer el efecto del calentamiento global, sobre el rango térmico del cultivo de chile. Se realizó un análisis histórico sobre la variación del número de horas con temperatura dentro y fuera del rango térmico de chile, y un análisis similar en los escenarios climáticos 2050 y 2070 en los RCP 4.5 y 8.5. Tanto en el análisis histórico como en las climatologías se encontraron efectos positivos y negativos del calentamiento global. El calentamiento global favorecerá al cultivo de chile con un aumento de la superficie (22.6%) con temperatura horaria dentro de los umbrales de desarrollo (15 a 32 °C) y un aumento de la superficie (15.8%) dentro del rango de temperatura óptima (18 a 28 °C). El cultivo de chile se verá limitado por el aumento (20.8%) de la superficie con temperatura horaria mayor al umbral superior (32 °C) y un aumento (18.5%) de la superficie con temperatura nocturna horaria mayor al umbral superior de temperatura nocturna (18 °C) en el RCP 4.5 y en la climatología 2050. El estrés por temperatura alta repercutirá en la disminución del rendimiento debido al efecto negativo en los procesos de polinización y amarre de frutos. Palabras clave: Capsicum annuum , calentamiento global, México, RCP, temperatura horaria

Dairy product consumption and risk of colorectal cancer in an older mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.

Prospective studies have reported an inverse association between the consumption of total dairy products and milk and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, there is little and inconsistent evidence regarding subtypes of dairy product and CRC risk. We assessed the associations between the consumption of total dairy products, their different subtypes and CRC risk in older Mediterranean individuals at high cardiovascular risk. We analyzed data from 7,216 men and women (55-80 years) without CRC at baseline from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study. Individuals were recruited between 2003 and 2009 and followed up until December 2012. At baseline and yearly thereafter, consumption of total and specific dairy products was assessed using a validated 137-item food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards ratios (HRs) of CRC incidence were estimated for tertiles of mean consumption of dairy products during the follow-up. During a median [interquartile range] follow-up of 6.0 [4.4-7.3] years, we documented 101 incident CRC cases. In the multivariable-adjusted models, HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CRC for the comparison of extreme tertiles of total dairy product and low-fat milk consumption were 0.55 (95% CI: 0.31-0.99; p-trend = 0.037) and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.32-0.92; p-trend = 0.022), respectively. No significant associations with other dairy products (whole-fat and low-fat dairy products; total, low-fat and whole-fat yogurt; cheese; total, low-fat and whole-fat milk; concentrated full-fat dairy products, sugar-enriched dairy products and fermented dairy products) were found. A high consumption of total dairy products and low-fat milk was significantly associated with a reduced CRC risk

Dairy product consumption and risk of colorectal cancer in an older mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk

Prospective studies have reported an inverse association between the consumption of total dairy products and milk and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, there is little and inconsistent evidence regarding subtypes of dairy product and CRC risk. We assessed the associations between the consumption of total dairy products, their different subtypes and CRC risk in older Mediterranean individuals at high cardiovascular risk. We analyzed data from 7,216 men and women (55-80 years) without CRC at baseline from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study. Individuals were recruited between 2003 and 2009 and followed up until December 2012. At baseline and yearly thereafter, consumption of total and specific dairy products was assessed using a validated 137-item food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards ratios (HRs) of CRC incidence were estimated for tertiles of mean consumption of dairy products during the follow-up. During a median [interquartile range] follow-up of 6.0 [4.4-7.3] years, we documented 101 incident CRC cases. In the multivariable-adjusted models, HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CRC for the comparison of extreme tertiles of total dairy product and low-fat milk consumption were 0.55 (95% CI: 0.31-0.99; p-trend = 0.037) and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.32-0.92; p-trend = 0.022), respectively. No significant associations with other dairy products (whole-fat and low-fat dairy products; total, low-fat and whole-fat yogurt; cheese; total, low-fat and whole-fat milk; concentrated full-fat dairy products, sugar-enriched dairy products and fermented dairy products) were found. A high consumption of total dairy products and low-fat milk was significantly associated with a reduced CRC risk