Fatty acid composition of edible oils and fats

The content of fatty acids as well as the ratio between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids is important parameter for determination of nutritional value of certain oil. Therefore the newest trend in food processing industry is notifying the composition of edible oils and other food commodities for the content of each individual fatty acid. The main objective of this work was to identify the fatty acid composition of several vegetable oils and fats. Eleven vegetable oils and fats (n=121) were analyzed for its fatty acid composition by gas chromatography (GC-FID) on HP-FFAP and SPBTM-1 column, respectively. Among the evaluated oils the higher contents of saturated fatty acids were found in palm kernel oil (76.0% ± 1.95) and coconut fat ( 90.5% ± 2.95) with predominant presence of lauiric acid (C12:0) and myristic acid (C14:0) compared to content of total saturated fatty acids in linseed oil (9.65% ±1.05), sunflower seed oil (8.8% ±0.8) and safflower oil (7.2% ± 0.73). The result showed that the sunflower oil, safflower oil and linseed oil contain the highest percentage of long chain mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids: oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3). Two varieties of canola oil, high linolenic (44.0% ± 2.02, n=21) and high oleic acid (59.5% ± 1.907, n=20) were found. The highest P/S index (Polyunsaturated/Saturated index) was found for safflower oil (10.55) and the lowest P/S indexes were found for palm kernel oil (0.016) and coconut fat (0.005). The fatty acid composition of safflower and sunflower oil contains a healthy mixture of all the types of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid. The value of P/S index which is associated to the impact in the human health is also high for safflower (10.55) and sunflower oil (6.76), which makes them the most suitable edible oils for mass consumption. Key words: Fatty acid, Lauric acid, Myristic acid, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid, P/S index, Gas chromatograph

Neurodevelopmental disorder associated with NARS1 gene mutation in a child with cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of chronic motor disability in children. CP has a multitude of causes, including developmental, genetic, metabolic, ischemic, infectious, and acquired, all of which result in comparable neurologic symptoms. As of right now, the cause of CP remains unclear. Research has found a substantial link between low birth weight, birth hypoxia, and poor fetal position and placenta. When diagnosing children with cerebral palsy and determining its cause, brain imaging is crucial. The final diagnosis should consider many factors, including physiological, topographic, ICF/functional, and neuroradiological categorization, origin, time of injury, concomitant disorders, sequelae, and nutritional status. This assists with planning, management, counseling, progress tracking, and prognosis. We present a case of a 5-year-old child with cerebral palsy who has a complicated clinical presentation including delayed psychomotor development, dysmorphia, and a verified pathogenic variation in the NARS1 gene linked to a neurodevelopmental condition. The child has been receiving frequent monitoring and multimodal therapies, such as physical therapy, defectologist sessions, and omega fatty acid supplements. Genetic testing found a pathogenic variant in the NARS1 gene, emphasizing the significance of genetic screening for parents to prevent recurrence in future pregnancies. Collaboration with special education instructors and speech therapists remains active to meet the child's communicative and cognitive requirements

Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in pediatric patients: Operative and postoperative experience

Abstract Objective: Acute appendicitis is very frequently encountered in children. Despite many scientific controversies in supporting classical or laparoscopic appendectomy, there is still no official consensus on this issue. This study aimed to present our experience from the comparison of operative and postoperative effects of laparoscopic and open appendectomy in pediatric patients with acute appendicitis. Materials and methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, the Republic of N.Macedonia during the period 2015/2022. The study sample covered 184 hospitalized pediatric patients aged 4-14 years treated with laparoscopic (LA) or open appendectomy (OA). The data of interest included demographic characteristics, and selective operative and postoperative parameters. Results: The average age of the children in LA vs. OA group was 9.63±2.70 with min/max of 4/14 vs. 9.16±2.91 with min/max 2/14 respectively. Postoperative complications were detected in 1 (0.90%) of LA patients and 3 (4.11%) of OA patients with no significant association. Analgesics’ treatment received 57 (51.35%) of the children from LA group and all of the children from OA group.  Conversion from LA to OA happen only in 1 (0.54%) child. The evaluation of parents/guardians related to the satisfaction from the cosmetic appearance of the scar the significantly higher level of satisfaction from the scare after LA compared to OA intervention. Conclusions: Laparoscopic appendectomy was found to be feasible and comparable to open approach in terms of operative time and offers advantages over the latter in terms of postoperative pain, length of hospital stay and earlier return of bowel function to normal. It is a safe approach in all types of appendicitis, with an overall better complication profile than OA

Проценка на здравствените и економски придобивки од пешачењето во Република Северна Македонија со употреба на алатката за економска проценка и здравје

Walking as a form of physical activity has immense health benefits, but it also has economic benefits. Walking is a very efficient activity that prevents certain diseases and enables better quality of life of people who already have some disease.A considerable contribution of walking is detected in cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity and chronic pulmonary diseases.The aim of this study was to make a health and economic assessment of the benefits of walking in the Republic of North Macedonia by using the Health and Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT).Materials and methods:Health Economic Assessment Tool is a relatively new tool, developed by WHO experts whose expertise is in the field of Public health and is able to calculate the health effects of regular walking and/or cycling. This study was based on using this tool for walking mode for the first time in the Republic of North Macedonia in a population group of 191 participants between the age of 20 to 73 years, with the average age of 35 years.Results:Besides the aforementioned health benefits, HEAT calculates the economic benefits of walking. The tool applied to 191 participants resulted in a total economic value of 108 808.8€ for one yearas well as reduction in mortality rate. Conclusion: We found that less than one fifth of our assessed population spends time in walking according to the WHO, CDC and AHA recommendations. The rest of them, more than four fifths are not following these recommendations. Our assessed population was relatively young, the average age being 35 years old, and the population was healthy, but still the results from this survey were not satisfying.Пешачењето како форма на физичка активност има огромни здравствени придобивки, но покрај нив и економски придобивки за човекот. Пешачењето е ефикасна активност која може да превенира одредени болести и да овозможи подобар квалитет на живот кај лица кои веќе имаат некоја болест.Значаен придонес од пешачењето е регистриран кај кардиоваскуларните болести, дијабет тип 2, обезност и хронични белодробни болести.Целта на ова истражување беше да се направи здравствена и економска проценка на пешачењето во Република Северна Македонија користејќи ја Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) алатката.Материјали и методи: Health Economic Assessment Tool е релативно нова алатка, развиена од експерти на СЗО, чие поле на експертиза е јавното здравје и е оспособена да ги пресмета здравствените и економските ефекти од редовното пешачење и/или возење велосипед. Нашата студија беше базирана на употреба на оваа алатка за првпат во Република Северна Македонија за пешачење, на популациона група од 191 учесник, на возраст помеѓу 20 и 73 години, со просечна возраст од 35 години.Резултати: Покрај гореспоменатите здравствени придобивки, HEAT ги пресмета и економските бенефити од пешачењето. Алатката употребена за 191 учесник резултираше со целосна економска вредност од 108808,8 евра за една година и редукција настапката на морталитетот. Заклучок: Со ова истражување заклучивме дека помалку од една петтина од проценетата популација пешачи во склоп на препораките од СЗО, ЦКБ и АСА. Останатите, повеќе од четири петтини, не ги следат препораките за пешачење. Нашата популација беше релативно млада, просечната возраст беше 35 години, а дополнително и здрава, но и покрај тоа, резултатите од ова истражување не се задоволителни

Компаративна анализа на скриената загуба на крв при изведување тотална артропластика на коленото

The aim of the study was to investigate the influential factors for hidden blood loss after a total knee arthroplasty and their relationship with the total blood loss. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a crucial treatment of late-stage knee osteoarthritis. Measured blood loss is significantly inconsistent with the hemoglobin (HB) drop postoperatively. Fifty-four patients, 20 males and 34 females, were retrospectively analyzed. The preoperative blood loss and therefore the hidden blood loss following TKA were calculated by the Gross formula. The typical perioperative blood loss was found to be 780±220 ml and therefore the average hidden blood loss was 280±180 ml. No significant differences were found in hidden blood loss for males compared to females. Hidden blood loss may not be reduced by hemostasis during operation with a deflated tourniquet.Целта на овој труд беше да се пронајдат факторите кои влијаат врз скриениот губиток на крв како и нивниот сооднос со целосната крвозагуба при тотална алоартропластика. Тоталната алоартропластика на коленото (ТКА) е важна процедура во третманот на остеоартритисот на коленото во напредната фаза. Измерената загуба на крв често пати е несразмерна со падот на хемоглобинот (HB) постоперативно. Ретроспективно беа анализирани 54 пациенти, 20 мажи и 34 жени. Периоперативната загубана крв и скриената загуба на крв по TKA беа пресметани со формулата на Грос (Gross). Просечната периоперативна загуба на крв беше 780±220 ml, а просечната скриена загуба на крв беше 280±180 ml. Не беа најдени значителни разлики кај скриената загуба на крв кај мажите во споредба со жените. Скриената загуба на крв не може да се намали со внимателна хемостаза за време на операцијата

Original scientific paper UDC 663

Abstract Beside ethyl alcohol, the major active component of alcoholic beverages, almost all alcoholic drinks contain volatile and non-volatile substances called congeners. They are present in different concentrations depending on beverage type and manufacturing methods. In the current study, the major volatile compounds besides ethanol as: methanol, ethyl acetate, 1-propanol (n-propanol), 2-propanol (i-propanol), 1-butanol (n-butanol), i-butanol (2-methylpropan-1-ol), n-amyl alcohol (n-pentanol), i-amyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol) were characterized by gas chromatography (GC-FID) on HP-Inowax column and Supecowax column, respectively. For that purpose, hundred samples of three types of grape brandies (lozova rakia, komova rakia and vinjak) and thirty samples of plum brandies (slivova rakia) from domestic producers were analyzed. In order to evaluate the difference in composition regarding the type of brandy it has been compared the mean value (MV) obtained for each volatile. When compared the mean values of volatiles in plum vs grape brandies, for methanol, ethyl acetate and n-propanol, the MV of plum brandies were significantly higher. Mean value for methanol in plum brandy was 1903 mg/100 mL anhydrous alcohol a.a, in grape brandy lozova was 464.7 mg/100 mL a.a, in grape brandy komova was 721 mg/100 mL a.a and in grape brandy vinjak was 169 mg/100 mL a.a. Mean value for ethyl acetate in plum brandy was 132.5 mg/100 mL a.a, which was 2.2 as high as mean value for ethyl acetate in grape brandy lozova (60.3 mg/100 ml a.a.). Mean value for n-propanol in plum brandy was 110.4 mg/100 mL a.a, in grape brandy lozova was 28.52 mg/100 mL a.a, in grape brandy komova was 42 mg/100 mL a.a., and in grape brandy vinjak was 33.2 mg/100 mL a.a. The highest mean value for i-amyl alcohol content was found in grape brandy komova rakia 176.6 mg/100 mL a.a. The content and the type of volatile congeners in some strong spirits which are produced by process of fermentation of fruits and distillation could be considered as a marker of fermentation and (or) botanical origin. Ethyl acetate in fruit brandies is formed by enzymes' reactions during fermentation. Higher alcohols and fusel alcohols (1-propanol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and phenyl ethyl alcohol) are formed in biochemical reactions by yeast on amino acids and carbohydrates. The amounts in different beverages vary considerably. Methanol represented the major volatile component, characteristic to fruit brandies which is released by enzymatic degradation of methoxylated pectin's and is not a by-product of yeast fermentation Therefore this molecule can be considered not only a parameter of distillate safety, but also as an indicator of natural origin of distillate

Fatty acid composition of edible oils and fats

Abstract The content of fatty acids as well as the ratio between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids is important parameter for determination of nutritional value of certain oil. Therefore the newest trend in food processing industry is notifying the composition of edible oils and other food commodities for the content of each individual fatty acid. The main objective of this work was to identify the fatty acid composition of several vegetable oils and fats. Eleven vegetable oils and fats (n=121) were analyzed for its fatty acid composition by gas chromatography (GC-FID) on HP-FFAP and SPB TM-1 column, respectively. Among the evaluated oils the higher contents of saturated fatty acids were found in palm kernel oil (76.0% ± 1.95) and coconut fat ( 90.5% ± 2.95) with predominant presence of lauiric acid (C 12:0 ) and myristic acid (C 14:0 ) compared to content of total saturated fatty acids in linseed oil (9.65% ±1.05), sunflower seed oil (8.8% ± 0.8) and safflower oil (7.2% ± 0.73). The result showed that the sunflower oil, safflower oil and linseed oil contain the highest percentage of long chain mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids: oleic acid (C 18:1 ), linoleic acid (C 18:2 ) and linolenic acid (C 18:3 ). Two varieties of canola oil, high linolenic (44.0% ± 2.02, n=21) and high oleic acid (59.5% ± 1.907, n=20) were found. The highest P/S index (Polyunsaturated/Saturated index) was found for safflower oil (10.55) and the lowest P/S indexes were found for palm kernel oil (0.016) and coconut fat (0.005). The fatty acid composition of safflower and sunflower oil contains a healthy mixture of all the types of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid. The value of P/S index which is associated to the impact in the human health is also high for safflower (10.55) and sunflower oil (6.76), which makes them the most suitable edible oils for mass consumption

Следење на редукција и одржување на перипростетично коскено ткиво кај безцементна примарна ендопротеза на колк со алендронатна терапија

Loss of periprosthetic bone tissue in primary hip endoprostheses is common in clinical practice. This loss can be progressive and in extreme conditions can jeopardize the longevity of the prosthesis. In order to monitor the function of Alendronate therapy for bone maintenance, the study included 50 patients with implanted total cement-free hip endoprosthesis (TPH). The first group of 25 patients received Alendronate, calcium and vitamin D3 orally postoperatively. The second group of 25 patients were examined postoperatively without therapy. Patients were followed by radiographic and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 6 and 12 months. The study showed that in patients with TPH there was a difference in the X-ray findings as well as occurrence of osteolysis in certain Gruen zones, which was confirmed by changes in the state of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in the interval between 6 and 12 months using the DXA method. Alendronate therapy after TPH implantation allows reduction of periprosthetic bone mass loss, maintenance of bone mineralization and implant hardening.Губењето на перипростетичното коскено ткиво кај примарните ендопротези на колкот е честа појава во клиничката пракса. Ваквиот губиток може да биде прогресивен и во екстремни услови да ја загрозува долготрајноста на протезата.   Заради наблудување на функцијата на алендронатната терапија за одржување на коскеното ткиво  во студијата беа вклучени 50 пациенти со вградена тотална безцементна ендопротеза на колк (ТПК). Првата група од 25 пациенти постоперативно  примаа  орално  алендронат, калциум и витамин Д3. Втората група од 25 пациентипостоперативно  беа иследувани  без примена на терапија. Пациентите беа следени со радиографски и двојно-енергетска рендгензрачна апсорптометрија  (DXA) на 6 и 12 месеци.  Студијата покажа  дека кај пациентите со ТПК  постои разлика во РТГ наодите како и  појава на остеолиза во одредени Gruenovi зони, штосе потврди со промени и во состојбата  на вредностите на коскената минерална густина(BMD) и коскената минерална  содржина (BMC) во интервалот помеѓу 6 и 12  месеци  со помош на DXA  методот. Алендронатната терапија по вградување на ТПК овозможува намалување на перипростетичната загуба на коскената маса, одржување на минерализацијата на коскеното ткиво и зацврстување на имплантот

Влијание на алендронатната терапија врз резултатите од дензитометриското испитување по имплантација на тотална ендопротеза на колкот

The development of aloarthroplasty of the hip is continuously rising. After implantation of a total cement-free hip endoprosthesis, often there is a periprosthetic femoral bone loss. Alendronate has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of bone resorption activity; it inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption, increases bone mass, and plays a significant role in post-implantation stabilization of the femur. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of alendronate on osteointegration of hip endoprosthesis.Material and methods: The study analyzed 10 patients operated on with implantation of a total cement-free hip endoprosthesis (THP). The included patients were examined by a radiographic method at 6 and 12 months and DXA method at 6 and 12 months. Results: The study showed differences in the values of bone mineral density and bone mineral content in the interval between 6 and 12 months in patients undergoing THP, and hence we can conclude that alendronate therapy after THP implantation reduced periprosthetic loss of bone mass and implant stiffening. Alendronate is a proven inhibitor of periprosthetic bone loss that occurs after prirmary impantation of a total cement-free hip endoprosthesis.Развојот на алоартропластиката на колкот во денешно време е во подем. Честопати по вградување на тотална безцементна ендопротеза на колкот доаѓа до перипростетична коскена загуба во фемурот. Алендронатот е докажан потентен инхибитор на коскената ресорптивна активност, ја инхибира остеокластната коскена ресорпција, а ја зголемува коскената маса и има значајна улога во постимплантационата стабилизација на фемурот. Целта на трудот е да се процени вредноста на примена на алендронатот во намалување на редукција на перипростетична остеолиза после имплантација на тотална безцементна ендопротеза на колкот. Материјал и методи: Во студијата беа анализирани 10 пациенти оперирани со имплантација на тотална бесцементна ендопротеза на колк (ТПК). Испитуваните пациенти постоперативно примаa орално aлендронат, калциум и витамин Д3. Пациентите беа иследувани со радиографскиот метод на 6 и 12 месеци и DXA методот исто така на 6 и 12 месеци. Резултати: Студијата покажа разлики во вредностите на коскената минерална густина и коскената минерална содржина во интервалот меѓу 6 и 12 месеци кај пациенти оперирани со ТПК, од која заклучуваме дека алендронатната терапија после вградување на ТПК овозможува намалување на перипростетичната загуба на коскената маса и зацврстување на имплантот. Алендронатот е докажан инхибитор на перипростетичната коскена загуба, која се јавува после примарната имплантација на тоталната бесцементна ендопротеза на колкот

Индикации и резултати од хируршки третман на везикоуретерален рефлукс

The main objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the value of surgical approach in the treatment of children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Material and method: The study was conducted in the period from January 2006 to December 2014, and included children with symptomatic VUR, who were surgically treated. A total of 72 children were treated, of whom 56 were females and 16 were males, aged between 2 and 16 years. They were treated with IV and V grade reflux ureters. Thirty-two of the unilateral refluxes were left-sided, 18 right-sided and 22 both-sided. VUR was diagnosed with Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Cohen technique was performed in 64 (90%) patients, Politano-Lead better technique in 4 (5%) patients and Lich-Gregoir technique in 4 (5%) patients. Results: Out of the 72 treated patients, 69 had a postoperative negative finding of VUR on the performed VCUG, indicating a high 95% success rate. In three girls, persistent postoperative reflux was found in postoperative VCUG. In the first patient persistent VUR was unilateral, of  V grade. In the second patient, a third-degree VUR was found and the third patient was diagnosed with II grade VUR. Postoperatively, non-febrile UTIs (urinary tract infections) were diagnosed in 23 patients (20 female children and 3 male children) out of 72 patients in total. One female child was hospitalized with febrile UTI and 8 patients or 10% developed febrile UTI within one year of the operative treatment. Conclusion: Open surgery, despite excellent results, is used for more complicated cases, VUR grade IV – V or in previously failed cases, and it does not appear to provide definitive correction of VUR in all patients and does not prevent certain low incidence of UTI postoperatively. Non-febrile UTIs can occur several years after a surgical correction. Endoscopic treatment is an alternative treatment for VURГлавната цел на оваа ретроспективна студија беше да се оцени вредноста на хируршкиот пристап во третманот на деца со везикоуретерален рефлукс (ВУР). Материјали и методи: Студијата беше спроведена во периодот од јануари 2006та до декември 2014та година, и вклучуваше деца со симптоматски ВУР, кои беа хируршки третирани. Вкупно биле третирани 72 деца, од кои 56 биле женски и 16 мажи, на возраст помеѓу 2 и 16 години. Тие беа третирани со IV и V степен рефлуксни уретери. Триесет и два од едностраните рефлукси беа лево, 18 десно и 22 обострани. ВУР беше дијагностициран со Voiding-ова цистоуретрографија на (VCUG). Коенова техника беше применета кај 64 (90%) пациенти,  Политано-Лидова техника кај 4 (5%) пациенти и Лих-Грегоарова техника кај 4 (5%) пациенти. Резултати: Од 72 третирани пациенти, 69 имале постоперативен негативен наод на ВУР по извршениот VCUG, што укажува на висока успешност од 95%. Кај три девојчиња е утврден  постоперативен рефлукс. Кај првиот пациент перзистирачкиот ВУР беше едностран, од V степен. Кај вториот пациент, беше пронајден ВУР од трет степен, а на третиот пациент му беше дијагностициран ВУР од II степен. Постоперативно, не-фебрилни инфекции на уринарниот тракт (ИУТ) биле дијагностицирани кај 23 пациенти (20 женски деца и 3 машки деца) од вкупно 72 пациенти. Едно женско дете беше хоспитализирано со фебрилна ИУТ и 8 пациенти (10%)  развиле фебрилна ИУТ во рок од една година по оперативниот третман. Заклучок: Отворената операција, и покрај одличните резултати, се користи за посложени случаи, ВУР IV - V степен или во претходно неуспешни случаи, и се чини дека не обезбедува конечна корекција на VUR кај сите пациенти и не спречува одредена ниска инциденца на ИУТ постоперативно. Не-фебрилни ИУТ може да се појават неколку години по хируршката корекција. Ендоскопскиот третман е алтернативен третман за ВУР