When is it right to buy? an instrumental case study of 'out of borough' rehousing for families in temporary accommodation and implications for social work

Gentrification and affordability of housing in UK and global metropolitan areas raises issues of equality and segregation of social housing tenants, foregrounded by the recent Grenfell Tower disaster. Government policies such as Right to Buy have resulted in a reduction in the amount of social housing, created long waiting lists, and necessitated long stays for families in temporary accommodation (TA) while waiting for permanent housing. Many local authorities struggle to meet the need for TA, and increasingly are adopting a strategy of buying less expensive housing sites 'out of borough.' (LGA, 2017). Families in TA may therefore have little choice about moving miles away from informal and formal social supports. In the south of England, a large housing site in one local authority was bought by another local authority for use as 'Out of Borough' TA. Two councils bid against each other for the rights to the site. The authority where the site is located was outbid, creating a situation where one ‘sending borough’ (SB) re-located a number of families eligible for social housing in TA to another 'receiving borough' (RB). The RB then becomes responsible for the health and social care needs of the incoming residents. The current research examines the impact of this phenomenon on the RB and the community in which the site is located. An instrumental case study methodology is used to examine various perspectives on this phenomenon to increase understanding of the fine grain detail SB-RB scenario, and generate wider understanding of the issue. Purposive sampling was used to identify key stakeholders. Data were double coded, analysed and organised thematically (Attride-Stirling, 2001). Two relevant theoretical approaches are applied –Social Geography and complexity theory. The former assists in understanding issues related to space, place, and resources (Massey, 1995). The latter refers to the organisation of complex adaptive systems (Johnson, 2014) and 'attractors' which influence them. Arising Global themes include: Integration and social relationships; Social work services and community support; and Policy and market influences. Areas of convergence and divergence are discussed. Suggestions are made for practice which can act as 'attractors' to support positive outcomes in SB-RB complex systems

THE UNROLLING OF THE LEAVES OF SUGAR CANE

Resumen en inglé

GERMINATION FAILURES OF THE MAGNOLIA IN PUERTO RICO

During the summer of 1936 Mr. L. R. Holdridge of the U. S. Forestry Service called my attention to germination failures of Magnolia portoricensis Bello. This and the very closely related species M. splendens Urban produce exceptionally fine woods but unfortunately both species are being exterminated very rapidly. Both species were very abundant at one time but at the present, it is practically impossible to find young trees in the forest. The Forestry Station has been trying to overcome his difficulty by sowing seeds in seed beds and growing seedlings for transplanting. Up to the present only one seedling of M. borinquensis has been produced although thousands of seeds have been sown

MARASMIUS SACCHARI; A PARASITE ON SUGAR CANE

1. The fungus is a vigorous saprophyte, which can be found in abundance on fragments of cane and cane leaves in and on the surface of the soil. Also on the old dead leaves of growing canes. 2. The mycelium frequently cements the leaves and checks the growth of the canes, but its presence does not necessarily indicate that it is the cause of the retarded growth or the death of the cane. 3. The fungus is a parasite and penetrates roots, leaves and stalks of young canes very readily. 4. It kills a small percentage of young canes and sometimes injures older canes. These losses depend on soil and climatic conditions and vary with the seasons. They are probably less than some reports indicate and greater than is indicated by others. 5. The fungus sometimes attacks seed cuttings and kills the buds. The writer has one record of a killing of 20 percent. 6. The writer has not observed the pea-like bodies which Howard described as sclerotia but has observed the large sclerotia formed by Rhizoctocnia grisea which was described several years earlier as Sclerotium griseum Stevenson. 7. The writer has demonstrated that the fungus will grow from old material or from a pure culture and penetrate the living tissues of canes growing in glass cylinders or in sterilized soil in pots. 8. The fungus penetrates the canes, leaves and roots and will kill many of them when the conditions are favorable. 9. A considerable amount of the fungus either in or outside the cane appears to be necessary for the production of sporophores. 10. Sporophores were produced in my cultures, on cane grown in cylinders, in from two to four months after inoculation

EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS A SERIOUS PEST ON CITRUS TREES

Resumen en inglé

THE EFFECT OF MOSAIC ON THE CONTENT OF THE PLANT CELL

1. The mosaic pattern is indistinct on the very young leaves; becomes prominent with the growth of the leaves; then becomes less distinct with age. 2. The chlorotic areas tend to become green with age. This is probably due to the action of the sunlight on the chloroplasts. 3. The chloroplasts in the chlorotic areas are fewer in number and smaller than in the green areas. There is no evidence of disintegration. 4. The tendency of the chlorotic areas to become green with age is due to increase in number and size of the chloroplasts. 5. The chlorotic areas can be detected by cytological studies before the unfolding of the leaves. 6. The chlorotic areas increase in size by cell division and cell growth and not by the infection of surrounding cells or by a disintegration of the chloroplasts of the surrounding cells. 7. The formation of apparently new chlorotic areas in leaves is probably due to very small infected areas which increase in size with the general growth of the cells. 8. Green areas in a chlorotic area can be detected by cytological studies before they can be detected by the unaided eye. 9. The small size and number of chloroplasts is common to both sugar cane and tobacco when infected with mosaic. 10. The nuclei of diseased cane cells are usually enlarged or deformed, but this is not true of tobacco

Investigation of timetabling in tertiary institutions in Southern Africa

This paper deals with approaches to the timetabling problem, focusing on tertiary institutions in Southern Africa. A questionnaire which dealt with, inter alia, student population, number of class groups, methods used for timetabling and local constraints, was distributed to tertiary institutions in Southern Africa. The response rate was over 80%. Analysis of the responses yielded a number of interesting results, chief among these being that there is little consensus on any one method, and that the timetabling process is not fully automated in any institution. The analysis further indicated that a great deal of time and effort is involved in the process, up to 200 person-hours in some institutions. This paper details previous work in the field and outlines results from the questionnaire. Future research will be directed towards either finding a more efficient approach to the problem, or detemining which of the current methods is in fact most effective

Ticklish Sensation : One Step - Two Step or Trot

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/2633/thumbnail.jp

Thinning of deciduous fruits

In the absence of any artificial control of the crop, most varieties of fruit trees will set much more fruit than it is possible for the trees to bring to marketable size and this is particularly the case with stone fruits. Even under good cultural and weather conditions the trees are often unable to bring the fruit to satisfactory size unless thinning is practised