EQUILÍBRIO ASSOCIADO AO RISCO DE QUEDAS EM IDOSOS NÃO INSTITUCIONALIZADOS

Realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre a relação existente entre o equilíbrio e o risco de queda da população idosa. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura entre os anos de 2007 a 2016, que ocorreu por meio de consulta à Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) utilizando os descritores "acidentes por quedas", "idoso" e "equilíbrio postural”, separados pelo operador boleano “AND”, sendo selecionados 7 estudos. Resultados: em relação ao equilíbrio em idosos associado ao risco de quedas e ao aumento dessa ocorrência, os 7 artigos mantiveram uma relação na abordagem quando evidenciaram que as alterações no equilíbrio geram a predisposição e aumenta o risco de quedas na população idosa. Conclusões: percebe-se que é necessária a identificação precoce dos riscos para a prevenção de quedas, e desta forma, atentar-se para a realização de ações preventivas que estimulem a responsabilidade do autocuidado, melhor qualidade de vida e o exercício da autonomia entre esses indivíduos

Emotional mental imagery abnormalities in monozygotic twins with, at high-risk of, and without affective disorders: present in affected twins in remission but absent in high-risk twins

Background: Mental imagery abnormalities feature across affective disorders including bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar depression (UD). Maladaptive emotional imagery has been proposed as a maintenance factor for affective symptomatology and a target for mechanism-driven psychological treatment developments. Where imagery abnormalities feature beyond acute affective episodes, further opportunities for innovation arise beyond treatments, such as for tertiary/relapse prevention (e.g., in remitted individuals) or primary prevention (e.g., in non-affected but at-risk individuals). The aim of our study was to investigate for the first time the presence of possible mental imagery abnormalities in affected individuals in remission and at-risk individuals for affective disorders using a familial risk design. Methods: A population-based cohort of monozygotic twins was recruited through linkage between the Danish national registries (N=204). Participants were grouped as: affected (remitted BD/UD; n = 115); high-risk (co-twin with history of BD/UD; n = 49), or low-risk (no co-twin history of BD/UD; n = 40). Twins completed mental imagery measures spanning key subjective domains (spontaneous imagery use and emotional imagery) and cognitive domains (imagery inspection and imagery manipulation). Results: Affected twins in remission reported enhanced emotional mental imagery compared to both low- and high-risk twins. This was characterized by greater impact of i) intrusive prospective imagery (Impact of Future Events Scale) and ii) deliberately-generated prospective imagery of negative scenarios (Prospective Imagery Task). There were no significant differences in these key measures between affected BD and UD twins in remission. Additionally, low- and high-risk twins did not significantly differ on these emotional imagery measures. There were also no significant differences between the three groups on non-emotional measures including spontaneous imagery use and cognitive stages of imagery. Conclusions: Abnormalities in emotional prospective imagery are present in monozygotic twins with affective disorders in remission—despite preserved cognitive stages of imagery—but absent in unaffected high-risk twins, and thus do not appear to index familial risk (i.e., unlikely to qualify as “endophenotypes”). Elevated emotional prospective imagery represents a promising treatment/prevention target in affective disorders