Movimientos sociales contemporáneos

Si nos colocamos frente a las acciones colectivas podemos hacernos dos preguntas, como si estuviéramos frente a una piedra. ¿De qué cosa esta hecha esta piedra?, ¿para qué sirve? La podemos lanzar, la podemos dibujar, la podemos usar para construir una casa. Si estuviésemos ahora frente a una acción colectiva las preguntas básicas serían: ¿cuál es el sentido de la acción colectiva que estamos observando?, ¿cuáles son sus efectos en un cierto sistema político, en un cierto Estado? Se trata, como vemos, de identificar dos preguntas muy distintas, pero lógicamente, la primera es condición para contestar la segunda. En nuestra práctica normal, en nuestra práctica sociológica y, sobre todo, en el lenguaje político en general, la segunda pregunta es la que ocupa toda la escena y la primera desaparece en el fondo

Foreword: 2004 Symposium on String Processing and Information Retrieval

a Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universita di Padova, Italy, and College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA b Universidad de Chile, DCC/Center for Web Research, Santiago, Chile, and ICREA Professor, Departament de Tecnologia, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain c Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universita di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Ital

Genetic characterisation of PPARG, CEBPA and RXRA, and their influence on meat quality traits in cattle

Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA) are nuclear transcription factors that play important roles in regulation of adipogenesis and fat deposition. The objectives of this study were to characterise the variability of these three candidate genes in a mixed sample panel composed of several cattle breeds with different meat quality, validate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a local crossbred population (Angus - Hereford - Limousin) and evaluate their effects on meat quality traits (backfat thickness, intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition), supporting the association tests with bioinformatic predictive studies. Results: Globally, nine SNPs were detected in the PPARG and CEBPA genes within our mixed panel, including a novel SNP in the latter. Three of these nine, along with seven other SNPs selected from the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database (SNPdb), including SNPs in the RXRA gene, were validated in the crossbred population (N = 260). After validation, five of these SNPs were evaluated for genotype effects on fatty acid content and composition. Significant effects were observed on backfat thickness and different fatty acid contents (P < 0.05). Some of these SNPs caused slight differences in mRNA structure stability and/or putative binding sites for proteins. Conclusions: PPARG and CEBPA showed low to moderate variability in our sample panel. Variations in these genes, along with RXRA, may explain part of the genetic variation in fat content and composition. Our results may contribute to knowledge about genetic variation in meat quality traits in cattle and should be evaluated in larger independent populations.Instituto de Genética Veterinari

Characterization of the bovine gene LIPE and possible influence on fatty acid composition of meat

LIPE is an intracellular neutral lipase, which is capable of hydrolyzing a variety of esters and plays a key role in the mobilization of fatty acids from diacylglycerols. The objectives of this study were to characterize the genetic polymorphism of bovine LIPE gene and to evaluate the possible association between three SNPs in the coding regions of this gene with the fatty acid composition of meat in a cattle population. Forty-three unrelated animals from different cattle breeds were re-sequenced and 21 SNPs were detected over approximately 2600. bp, five of these SNPs were novel. Three SNPs were selected, on the basis of evolutionary conservation, to perform validation and association studies in a crossbred cattle population. Our results may suggest a possible association of SNP1 with contents of oleic acid and total monounsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.01), and SNP2 and SNP3 with Heneicosylic acid content (p < 0.01), may be helpful to improve the quality of meat and improve health.Instituto de Genética Veterinari

Synthesis, size-dependent optoelectronic and charge transport properties of thieno(bis)imide end-substituted molecular semiconductors

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High salt induced a delayed activation of human neutrophils

High salt (NaCl) concentrations are found in a number of tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we analyzed the effects induced by high salt on the function of human neutrophils. The culture of neutrophils in medium supplemented with high salt (50 mM NaCl) for short periods (30-120 min) inhibited the ability of conventional agonists to induce the production of IL-8 and the activation of respiratory burst. By contrast, exposure to high salt for longer periods (6-18 h) resulted in the activation of neutrophils revealed by the production of high levels of IL-8, the activation of the respiratory burst, and a marked synergistic effect on the production of TNF-α induced by LPS. Increasing osmolarity of the culture medium by the addition of sorbitol or mannitol (100 mM) was shown to be completely unable to stimulate neutrophil responses, suggesting that high sodium but not an increased osmolarity mediates the activation on neutrophils responses. A similar biphasic effect was observed when the function of monocytes was analyzed. Short term exposure to high salt suppressed IL-8 and TNF-α production induced by LPS while culture for longer periods triggered the production of IL-8 but not TNF-α in the absence of LPS stimulation. Contradictory results have been published regarding how high salt modulates neutrophil function. Our results suggest that the modulation of neutrophil function by high salt is strongly dependent on the exposure time.Fil: Mazzitelli, Ignacio Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Bleichmar, Lucia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Melucci Ganzarain, Claudia del Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Pereyra Gerber, Federico Pehuén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Toscanini, María Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Cuestas, María Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Erra Diaz, Fernando Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Geffner, Jorge Raúl. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; Argentin

Einfluss von drei Einzelnucleotidpolymorphismen im CAPN1 Gen auf die Zartheit von Rindfleisch

Meat tenderness is an important trait in beef cattle production, as consumers consider tenderness the most important attribute of beef palatability. There is ample evidence that post mortem proteolysis of myofibrillar proteins is responsible for the decline in shear force uring storage. The bovine micromolar calcium-activated neutral protease CAPN1) gene encodes the large subunit of μ-calpain, which is thought to be one of the most important enzymes involved in post mortem tenderization (KOOHMARAIE 1996). Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the CAPN1 gene (316, 530 and 4 751 markers)have been associated with tenderness in different cattle breeds (PAGE et al. 2002, PAGE et al. 2004, WHITE et al. 2005). A more recent study confirmed that markers 316 and 4 751 had an effect on beef tenderness (VAN EENENNAAM et al. 2007). The objective of this research was to determine the existence of polymorphisms and to assess the effect of the reported SNP in the bovine CAPN1 gene on tenderness from a sample of Angus and Brangus steers fattened on pasture.Fil: Soria, Liliana A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Corva, Pablo Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Sica, Andrea Branda. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria; UruguayFil: Schor, Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia. Departamento de Producción Animal. Cátedra de Bovinos de Carne; ArgentinaFil: Melucci, Lilia Magdalena. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Villarreal, Edgardo L.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Área de Investigación en Producción y Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Mezzadra, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Área de Investigación en Producción y Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Cantet, Rodolfo Juan Carlos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; ArgentinaFil: Miquel, Maria Cristina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentin

Effects of cytoplasmic inheritance on preweaning traits of Hereford cattle

The influence of cytoplasmic inheritance on birth and weaning weight was evaluated in an experimental Hereford herd. Data on 1,720 records for birth and weaning weights from calves born between 1963 and 2002 were studied. Variance components were estimated using MTDFREML procedures and an animal model was fitted for each trait. Direct and maternal additive effects and permanent environment and maternal lineage effects were treated as random, while year and month of birth, age of dam and sex of the calf were treated as fixed. Identification of maternal lineages was based on pedigree information. The contribution to phenotypic variance of cytoplasmic lineages defined by pedigree information was negligible for both traits. Mitochondrial genotypes of cows present in the herd in 2002 were analyzed by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Only five different genotypes were identified among 23 maternal lineages. All the animals with records were assigned to maternal genotypes based on pedigree information. The statistical analysis was repeated, removing maternal lineage from the model and including mitochondrial genotype as a fixed effect. No evidence of genotype effects was detected. These results suggest a negligible effect of the mitochondrial genome on the preweaning traits of this Hereford herd.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Characterization of the bovine gene LIPE and possible influence on fatty acid composition of meat

LIPE is an intracellular neutral lipase, which is capable of hydrolyzing a variety of esters and plays a key role in the mobilization of fatty acids from diacylglycerols. The objectives of this study were to characterize the genetic polymorphism of bovine LIPE gene and to evaluate the possible association between three SNPs in the coding regions of this gene with the fatty acid composition of meat in a cattle population. Forty-three unrelated animals from different cattle breeds were re-sequenced and 21 SNPs were detected over approximately 2600. bp, five of these SNPs were novel. Three SNPs were selected, on the basis of evolutionary conservation, to perform validation and association studies in a crossbred cattle population. Our results may suggest a possible association of SNP1 with contents of oleic acid and total monounsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.01), and SNP2 and SNP3 with Heneicosylic acid content (p < 0.01), may be helpful to improve the quality of meat and improve health.Instituto de Genética Veterinari