Das questões políticas e da possibilidade do controle das políticas públicas pelo Poder judiciário

Trata do conceito de questão política e investiga a possibilidade de controle das chamadas políticas públicas pelo Poder Judiciário. Leva em consideração o advento dos direitos fundamentais transindividuais de segunda e terceira gerações, no pós-guerra, com o surgimento do Welfare State e o papel do Poder Judiciário como agente da democracia participativa através do processo

Debt renegotiation with incomplete contract

A debt contract usually does not include a provision about renegotiation. The right to seize the borrowers asset and the rules of this process are usually stipulated in the contract. Such a promise not to renegotiate is not credible since renegotiation can mitigate the dead-weight loss of liquidating insolvent borrowers. Once the initial contract may not consider the renegotiation procedure and renegotiation may occur, this paper investigates why a complete contract is not offered. It shows that the lender does not need to stipulate the renegotiation procedure on the initial contract because he is indifferent about committing or not to the terms of a contract. This indicates that a complete contract gives the lender the same expected return as an incomplete contract, in which the renegotiation process is determined after the occurrence of default.Um contrato de débito geralmente não inclui uma cláusula sobre renegociação. O direito de liquidar os ativos do tomador e as regras do processo são habitualmente estipuladas no contrato. Tal promessa de não renegociar não é crível, já que a renegociação pode mitigar a perda bruta de se liquidar tomadores insolventes. Uma vez que o contrato inicial pode não considerar os procedimentos de renegociação, e esta pode, de fato, vir a ocorrer, este artigo investiga a razão de um contrato completo não ser ofertado. Mostra-se que o emprestador não precisa estipular os procedimentos de renegociação no contrato inicial porque ele é indiferente entre se comprometer ou não aos termos do contrato. Isto indica que um contrato completo dá ao emprestador o mesmo retorno esperado de um contrato incompleto, no qual os procedimentos de renegociação são determinados após a declaração de default

Remarks on Charged Vortices in the Maxwell-Chern-Simons Model

We study vortex-like configuration in Maxwell-Chern-Simons Electrodynamics. Attention is paid to the similarity it shares with the Nielsen-Olesen solutions at large distances. A magnetic symmetry between a point-like and an azimuthal-like current in this framework is also pointed out. Furthermore, we address the issue of a neutral and spinless particle interacting with a charged vortex, and obtain that the Aharonov-Casher-type phase depends upon mass and distance parameters.Comment: New refs. added. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.

The Role of Cytoplasmic mRNA Cap-Binding Protein Complexes in Trypanosoma brucei and Other Trypanosomatids.

Trypanosomatid protozoa are unusual eukaryotes that are well known for having unusual ways of controlling their gene expression. The lack of a refined mode of transcriptional control in these organisms is compensated by several post-transcriptional control mechanisms, such as control of mRNA turnover and selection of mRNA for translation, that may modulate protein synthesis in response to several environmental conditions found in different hosts. In other eukaryotes, selection of mRNA for translation is mediated by the complex eIF4F, a heterotrimeric protein complex composed by the subunits eIF4E, eIF4G, and eIF4A, where the eIF4E binds to the 5'-cap structure of mature mRNAs. In this review, we present and discuss the characteristics of six trypanosomatid eIF4E homologs and their associated proteins that form multiple eIF4F complexes. The existence of multiple eIF4F complexes in trypanosomatids evokes exquisite mechanisms for differential mRNA recognition for translation

Retrospective study of blood lead poisoning in Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in Virginia, United States of America, from 2017 to 2021

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Sanidade AnimalDue to its trophic position on the food chain and opportunistic feeding behavior, the Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is prone to bioaccumulate contaminants present in the environment and food sources. Hence, monitoring this species can provide valuable information about the ecosystems it inhabits, as well as other wildlife and humans. Although measures have been taken to reduce lead exposure, lead poisoning is still a current cause of mortality and morbidity to wildlife. In 2,980 Bald Eagles carcasses submitted for diagnosis between 1975 and 2013, the main cause of death was poisoning (25.6%), with lead intoxication accounting for 63.5% of this mortality rate. Further research can provide important insight into this issue and help identify the sources and pathways of lead exposure. With the aim assessing the incidence of blood lead poisoning and evaluating possible associations between blood lead concentrations and intrinsic factors on admission, a retrospective study was carried out. This study included 191 Bald Eagles admitted to the Wildlife Center of Virginia between 2017 and 2021 and evaluated the parameters: life stage, weight, body condition score, the month and year of admission, circumstance and county of rescue. In order to evaluate the associations between information at intake and blood lead concentrations, a Person’s chi-square test was applied, while in cases with expected frequencies < 0.05). Additionally, in agreement with previous studies, adults and admissions in January showed to have higher odds of having blood lead poisoning concentrations, whereas admission in June had lower odds of this outcome. In conclusion, lead poisoning remains a relevant threat with significant prevalence in the Bald Eagle population of Virginia. This study highlights the need for more mitigation measures and conservation efforts to decrease lead exposure and its availability to wildlife and the environment. Moreover, it is emphasized the One Health concept, as environmental contamination with lead is closely related to anthropogenic activities causing adverse effects on both wildlife and human healthRESUMO - ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO DE INTOXICAÇÃO POR CHUMBO NO SANGUE EM ÁGUIAS-DE-CABEÇA-BRANCA (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) EM VIRGINIA, ESTADOS UNIDOS DA AMÉRICA, DE 2017 A 2021 - Devido à posição trófica na cadeira alimentar e comportamento oportunista de alimentação, a Águia-de-cabeça-branca (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) tem predisposição a bioacumular contaminantes presentes no ambientes e fontes de alimento. Logo, monitorizar esta espécie permite obter informações relevantes acerca do ecossistema em que habita e também de outros animais selvagens e seres humanos. Apesar de que medidas terem sido implementas para reduzir a exposição ao chumbo, a intoxicação por chumbo ainda é uma causa atual de mortalidade e morbilidade de animais selvagens. Em 2980 cadáveres de Águia-de-cabeça-branca submetidos a diagnóstico entre 1975 e 2013, a principal causa de morte foi intoxicação (25.6%), com a intoxicação por chumbo correspondendo a 63.5% desta taxa de mortalidade. Mais estudos podem fornecer informações importantes sobre este problema e identificar possíveis fontes e vias de exposição ao chumbo. Com o objetivo de avaliar a incidência de intoxicação por chumbo no sangue e avaliar possíveis associações entre as concentrações de chumbo no sangue e fatores intrínsecos da admissão, um estudo retrospetivo foi realizado. Este estudo incluiu 191 Águia-de-cabeça-branca admitidas no Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Selvagens de Virginia entre 2017 e 2021 e avaliou os parâmetros: estágio de vida, peso, condição corporal, mês e ano de admissão, circunstância e município de resgate. Com o objetivo de avaliar as associações entre dados da admissão e concentração de chumbo no sangue, o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson foi aplicado e nos casos com frequências esperadas <5, o teste exato de Fisher foi realizado. Para quantificar estas associações, foram obtidas as respetivas Odds Ratios. Alem disso, a estimativa da tendência de casos durante o período de estudo foi realizada com a regressão linear. Em conclusão, a intoxicação por chumbo continua a ser uma ameaça relevante com prevalência significativa na população de Águia-de-cabeça-branca de Virgínia. Este estudo destaca a necessidade de mais medidas de mitigação e esforços de conservação para diminuir a exposição e disponibilidade do chumbo na vida selvagem e ambiente. Adicionalmente, o conceito de One Health é realçado, uma vez que a contaminação ambiental por chumbo está intimamente relacionada com atividades antropogénicas que causam efeitos adversos na saúde da vida selvagem e humanaN/

On Dirac-like Monopoles in a Lorentz- and CPT-violating Electrodynamics

We study magnetic monopoles in a Lorentz- and CPT-odd electrodynamical framework in (3+1) dimensions. This is the standard Maxwell model extended by means of a Chern-Simons-like term, $b_\mu\tilde{F}^{\mu\nu}A_\nu$ ($b_\mu$ constant), which respects gauge invariance but violates both Lorentz and CPT symmetries (as a consequence, duality is also lost). Our main interest concerns the analysis of the model in the presence of Dirac monopoles, so that the Bianchi identity no longer holds, which naively yields the non-conservation of electric charge. Since gauge symmetry is respected, the issue of charge conservation is more involved. Actually, the inconsistency may be circumvented, if we assume that the appearance of a monopole induces an extra electric current. The reduction of the model to (2+1) dimensions in the presence of both the magnetic sources and Lorentz-violating terms is presented. There, a quantization condition involving the scalar remnant of $b_\mu$, say, the mass parameter, is obtained. We also point out that the breaking of duality may be associated with an asymmetry between electric and magnetic sources in this background, so that the electromagnetic force experienced by a magnetic pole is supplemented by an extra term proportional to $b_\mu$, whenever compared to the one acting on an electric charge.Comment: 10 pages, no figures, typed in te