Present knowledge review on the problem of leptospirosis

The article presented contains meta-analysis of the published data on the problem of leptospirosis, mainly its epidemiology. The problems of taxonomic and genetic classifications are studied, breadth of extension in the world’s different regions analyzed, the relation between leptospirosis causative agents and its hosts is pointed, modern methods of leptospirosis diagnostics are compared. Poor knowledge about the pathology under study has been revealed. The latter is connected with leptospirosis’ neglect, lack or just few governmental initiatives on this problem decision, lack of medical and sanitary guidance

The Study of the Method of Fight Against Formation of Polarizing Layer at the Process of Ultrafiltration Concentration of the Skim Milk

The description of experimental set and the method of processing of the results of the study of the method of fight against formation of polarizing layer in the process of ultrafiltration concentration of skim milk raw material were presented. The results of experimental studies relative to the sparging method application for the prevention of polarizing layer in the process of membrane processing of the skim milk and its influence on the capacity of ultrafiltration membranes were offered. The mathematical models were constructed on the base of regressive equations of factorial experiment using the method of the raw material sparging above the membrane surface for selection of technological parameters of the process of ultrafiltration concentration of the skim milk. The rational working parameters of the process of ultrafiltration concentration of the skim milk using the sparging of the skim milk by the gas bubbles in the direct closeness to the membrane surface were determined. Such working parameters are: pressure– 0,4...0,5 MPa, temperature of skim milk– 40...50 ºС, frequency of sparging of skim milk– 0,10...0,15 min-1, pressure of sparging must be 0,56...0,58 MPa

Oscillation of solar radio emission at coronal acoustic cut-off frequency

Recent SECCHI COR2 observations on board STEREO-A spacecraft have detected density structures at a distance of 2.5--15~R propagating with periodicity of about 90~minutes. The observations show that the density structures probably formed in the lower corona. We used the large Ukrainian radio telescope URAN-2 to observe type IV radio bursts in the frequency range of 8--32~MHz during the time interval of 08:15--11:00~UT on August 1, 2011. Radio emission in this frequency range originated at the distance of 1.5--2.5 R according to the Baumbach-Allen density model of the solar corona. Morlet wavelet analysis showed the periodicity of 80~min in radio emission intensity at all frequencies, which demonstrates that there are quasi-periodic variations of coronal density at all heights. The observed periodicity corresponds to the acoustic cut-off frequency of stratified corona at a temperature of 1~MK. We suggest that continuous perturbations of the coronal base in the form of jets/explosive events generate acoustic pulses, which propagate upwards and leave the wake behind oscillating at the coronal cut-off frequency. This wake may transform into recurrent shocks due to the density decrease with height, which leads to the observed periodicity in the radio emission. The recurrent shocks may trigger quasi-periodic magnetic reconnection in helmet streamers, where the opposite field lines merge and consequently may generate periodic density structures observed in the solar wind.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted in A&

Coarse Graining RNA Nanostructures for Molecular Dynamics Simulations

A series of coarse-grained models have been developed for the study of the molecular dynamics of RNA nanostructures. The models in the series have one to three beads per nucleotide and include different amounts of detailed structural information. Such a treatment allows us to reach, for the systems of thousands of nucleotides, a time scale of microseconds (i.e. by three orders of magnitude longer than in the full atomistic modelling) and thus to enable simulations of large RNA polymers in the context of bionanotechnology. We find that the 3-beads-per-nucleotide models, described by a set of just a few universal parameters, are able to describe different RNA conformations and are comparable in structural precision to the models where detailed values of the backbone P-C4' dihedrals taken from a reference structure are included. These findings are discussed in the context of the RNA conformation classes

The liberalization of electricity market in Russia

Until the early 90's of the last century a vertically integrated monopoly structure was the main model of the organization of the power industry in most countries of the world. The quality of services and prices for electricity were regulated in different countries exclusively by the state authorities. However, it gradually became apparent that many of the positive features of the vertical integration, including in the first place the impact of economies of scale, ceased to play a significant role. By this time, most of the advanced and developing countries, including Russia, have realized the objective need for a review of the existing principles of power industry organization through the introduction of market mechanisms of its functioning. The study gives the overview of the aims and objectives of the reforms in the Russian electric power industry. Of special interest is the analysis of the experience in the energy markets restructuring in advanced and developing countries. The stages and main features of the restructuring of Russian energy market are shown. The model of liberalization for electric power market in Russia is represented. Particular attention is paid to the development of competition in the different segments of wholesale and retail power markets