Functional responses of aquatic macroinvertebrates to flow regulation are shaped by natural flow intermittence in Mediterranean streams

Running waters in Mediterranean regions are strongly regulated by dams, which produce significant alterations to natural flow regimes. Climate change will reduce discharge and increase flow intermittence in Mediterranean streams, which will lead to an intensified flow regulation to meet water demands. Very little is known about how the functional features of aquatic communities vary along combined anthropogenic flow alteration and natural intermittence gradients. As intermittent streams are subjected to natural stress (droughts and flash floods), the flow regime alteration effect may differ from that observed in perennial rivers. Consequently, studies that aim to determine the effects of flow regulation on the functioning of aquatic communities in a global change context are crucial. By applying linear mixed‐effect models and null models to the macroinvertebrate communities from 65 stream sites in the Segura River Basin (south‐east Spain), we assessed the separate effects of natural flow intermittence and flow regulation, as well as their interaction, on biological traits and functional diversity indices. Natural flow intermittence and flow regulation were mainly associated with loss of taxa with semivoltine or univoltine cycles and more sensitive aquatic stages (i.e. eggs), and with the replacement by taxa with multivoltine cycles and more resistant aquatic stages (i.e. adults). Flow regulation intensified the impact of natural flow intermittence on some biological traits, producing synergistic effects (i.e. decreasing interstitial taxa and tegument breathers and increasing taxa with aquatic adult stages). At the same time, antagonistic (life cycle) and opposing (shredders) interaction effects were also observed. Functional diversity, functional dispersion, and functional redundancy underwent a non‐random decrease as the flow regime alteration increased, and a significant antagonistic interaction was also found between both stressors for functional redundancy. In general, flow regulation effects were stronger in perennial than in intermittent streams because natural intermittence imposes a previous eco‐evolutionary pressure on aquatic biota by selecting those resistant or recovery traits that confer resilience to anthropogenic flow regime alterations. Thus, the natural flow regime influences the functional sensibility of communities to anthropogenic flow alteration.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

BIRD COMMUNITIES ALONG A POST-DISTURBANCE SUCCESSIONAL GRADIENT IN ANDEAN FORESTS OF BOSQUE PEHUÉN PARK, ARAUCANÍA REGION, SOUTHERN CHILE

Abstract ∙ In southern Chile, the most diverse forest ecosystems are located between 36° and 40° S, in the same areas where agriculture and industrial forestry are concentrated. We studied bird assemblages in Bosque Pehuén Park (39°25’S), along a human disturbance gradient from early successional forest mixed with grasslands to barely disturbed old-growth forest. We surveyed birds across all of the disturbance gradients at 18 points from 860 to 1260 m a.s.l. using point-count methods. Each point was surveyed five times per year, during the Austral summer of 2015 and 2016. Our results confirmed that there is a group of forest birds strongly related to old-growth forest, while others were characteristic of open areas. Secondary forests shared bird species with both old-growth forests and disturbed areas, and presented lower abundance of forest bird specialists. The old-growth forest bird community proved to be small and was dominated by Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda, Furnariidae) and White-crested Elaenia (Elaenia albiceps, Tyrannidae). Most studies in this region have taken place in secondary forests, which are characterized by a lower presence of specialists and the inclusion of birds from open areas. Here, we provide a reference bird community for Andean forests, and we argue that bird communities in secondary forests are not a good control to analyze the effects of human disturbances. We emphasize the need to conserve the last remnants of the old-growth forest found in these regions. Resumen ∙ Comunidades de aves a lo largo de un gradiente de sucesión post-perturbación en los bosques andinos del parque Bosque Pehuén, región de la Araucanía, sur de Chile En Chile, los bosques templados con mayor biodiversidad se encuentran entre 36° y 40°S, en las mismas áreas donde se concentran la actividad agrícola y las plantaciones forestales de árboles exóticos. Estudiamos los ensambles de aves en el parque Bosque Pehuén (39°25’S), a lo largo de un gradiente de perturbación humana desde bosques sucesionales tempranos mezclados con pastizales hasta bosques antiguos mínimamente perturbados. Usando puntos de escucha, registramos las aves presentes en 18 puntos distribuidos entre los 860 y los 1260 m s.n.m. cubriendo todo el gradiente de perturbación. Cada punto fue muestreado 5 veces por año, durante el verano austral de 2015 y 2016. Nuestros resultados confirmaron que hay un grupo de aves fuertemente relacionadas con bosques antiguos, mientras que otras fueron características de áreas abiertas. Los bosques secundarios compartieron especies de aves con bosques antiguos y zonas alteradas, y presentaron una menor abundancia de especialistas en aves de bosque. Se encontró que la comunidad de aves del bosque antiguo era pequeña, dominada por Rayadito Común (Aphrastura spinicauda, Furnariidae) y Fiofío Crestiblanco (Elaenia albiceps, Tyrannidae). La mayoría de los estudios en esta región se han llevado a cabo en bosques secundarios, que se caracterizan por una menor presencia de especialistas y la inclusión de aves de áreas abiertas. Aquí proporcionamos una comunidad de aves de referencia de los bosques andinos, y afirmamos que las comunidades de aves en los bosques secundarios no son un buen control para analizar los efectos de las perturbaciones humanas. Hacemos hincapié en la necesidad de conservar los últimos remanentes de bosques antiguos de estas regiones

Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana

Descripción de un nuevo género y de una nueva especie Iberocypris palaciosi N.GEN.N.SO (Pisces, cyprinidae).Resultados de los censos d e aves acuáticas en Andalucía Occidental durante el invierno1978-79Interacciones en la alimentación de las larvas de dos especies de tritones. (Triturus marmoratus y Triturus boscai).Utilización del espacio en una comunidad de lacertidos del matorral mediterráneo en la Reserva Biológica de DoñanaMorfología dentaria de las liebres europeas (Lagomorpha, leporidae).El conejo, Oryctolagus cuniculus en Andalucía Occidental: Parámetros corporales y curva de crecimientoObservaciones de foca monje (Monachus monachus Herm.) en las costas del sureste de la Península Ibérica.Presencia de pejerrey Atherina (Hepsetia) boyeri, Risso 1810; Pisces ( Atherinidae) en la laguna de Zoñar (Córdoba, SO de España).Nuevas citas de la "loina" Chondrostoma (Machaerochilus) toxostoma arrigonis Stein. (pisces, cyprinidae) en EspañaRelativa subalimentación de Falco naumanni durante el periodo no reproductor en el valle del GuadalquivirComadrejas alimentandose de carroña.Agrupamientos de Alytes cisternasii bajo el mismo refugioDescripción de un nuevo género de quiróptero neotropical de la familia MolossidaeAlgunas notas sobre Platalea leucorodia en GaliciaInicidencia del murciélago hematófago Desmodus rotundus sobre los indígenas Yanomani de VenezuelaRitmo de actividad de algunos ratones de los llanos de Apure (Venezuela)Presencia del topillo campesino ibérico, Microtus arvalis asturianus Miller, 1908 en la meseta del DueroFalco columbarius EsmerejónCiconia ciconia CigüeñaNycticorax nycticorax MartinetePeer reviewe

Corrigendum to ‘a horizon scan exercise for aquatic invasive alien species in Iberian inland waters’

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Black list and Alert list of the Aquatic Invasive Alien Species in the Iberian Peninsula: an action of the LIFE INVASAQUA

Resumen del trabajo presentado en VI Congreso Nacional sobre Especies Exóticas Invasoras y I Congreso Ibérico sobre EEI (EEI 2022) celebrado en Navarra del 20 al 23 de abril de 2022.One of the objectives of LIFE INVASQUA project is to develop tools that will be more efficient the Early Warning and Rapid Response (EWRR) framework for Invasive Alien Species in the Iberian Peninsula. Horizon scanning for high-risk IAS is basic in implementing measures to reduce new invasions, developing Alert lists, and to focus effort in the species already established, for instance making a Black list. We developed a trans national horizon scanning exercise focused on inland waters of Spain and Portugal in order to provide a prioritized lists (Black list and Alert list) of aquatic IAS that may pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems and socio economic sectors in the future. We followed a step approach of existing information about IAS (Plants, Freshwater Invertebrates, Estuarine Invertebrates and Vertebrates; 127 established taxa in Black list; 90 non established taxa in Alert list) combining with an expert scoring of prioritized taxa. IAS established in the Iberian aquatic system consistently highlighted as the worst included vertebrates (e.g. Cyprinus carpio, Gambusia holbrooki, Silurus glanis), freshwater and estuarine invertebrates (e.g. Procambarus clarkii, Dreissena polymorpha, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Callinectes sapidus, Corbicula fluminea) and plants (e.g. Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla filiculoides, Ludwigia grandiflora). Amongst taxa not yet established (Alert list), expert pointed to Perna viridis, Hydroides dirampha, Dreissena bugensis, Procambarus fallax f. virginallis, Perccottus glenii with higher risk of invasion, ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Over 20.6% of the taxa in the preliminary black list received no votes (no prioritization) by experts, 17.8% in the innitial alert list. Our horizon scanning approach is inclusive of all-taxa, prioritizes both established and emerging biological threats across trans-national scales, and considers not only the ecological impact, but also potential direct economic consequences as well as the manageability of invasive species.This work received funds from the LIFE Programme (LIFE17 GIE/ES/000515)

Association Between Preexisting Versus Newly Identified Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may exist before or occur early in the course of pulmonary embolism (PE). We determined the PE outcomes based on the presence and timing of AF. Methods and Results Using the data from a multicenter PE registry, we identified 3 groups: (1) those with preexisting AF, (2) patients with new AF within 2 days from acute PE (incident AF), and (3) patients without AF. We assessed the 90-day and 1-year risk of mortality and stroke in patients with AF, compared with those without AF (reference group). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 792 had preexisting AF. These patients had increased odds of 90-day all-cause (odds ratio [OR], 2.81; 95% CI, 2.33-3.38) and PE-related mortality (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.37-4.14) and increased 1-year hazard for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 5.48; 95% CI, 3.10-9.69) compared with those without AF. After multivariable adjustment, preexisting AF was associated with significantly increased odds of all-cause mortality (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.57-2.32) but not PE-related mortality (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.85-2.66). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 445 developed new incident AF within 2 days of acute PE. Incident AF was associated with increased odds of 90-day all-cause (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.75-2.97) and PE-related (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.01-6.59) mortality but not stroke. Findings were similar in multivariable analyses. Conclusions In patients with acute symptomatic PE, both preexisting AF and incident AF predict adverse clinical outcomes. The type of adverse outcomes may differ depending on the timing of AF onset.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Çédille, revista de estudios franceses

Presentació

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

The Ecology of Stream Macroinvertebrate Assemblages from the Segura River Basin (SE Spain): Environmental factors, spatio-temporal variability, indicator taxa, diversity trends, biological-ecological traits and applications for bioassessment

Capítulo 1. Evaluación biológica con macroinvertebrados en ríos de la cuenca del Segura: efectos de las tendencias estacionales, métodos de procesado y resolución taxonómica sobre patrones multivariantes y métricas de diversidad. Capítulo 2. Las comunidades de macroinvertebrados de la cuenca del Río Segura: tipos de ríos, táxones indicadores y factores ambientales. Capítulo 3. Rasgos biológicos y ecológicos de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos en una cuenca semiárida. Patrones a lo largo de gradientes ambientales complejos. Capítulo 4. Riqueza, diversidad y diversidad funcional en comunidades de macroinvertebrados de la cuenca del río Segura: variaciones naturales e influencias antropogénica

Assessing the extinction risk of the iberian endemism Eurylophella iberica Keffermuller & da Terra 1978 (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae)

Este artículo contiene 4 páginas, 1 tabla, 2 figuras.[EN]The risk of extinction of Eurylophella iberica Keffermuller and Da Terra 1978 (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae) was assessed for the first time after taking into account recently published distributional data using a method specifically designed for aquatic insects. The results showed that the species can be considered “moderately vulnerable”. We discuss the main biological and habitat features that could determine this species’ extinction risk, as well as the controversy of using IUCN criteria for insect species assessments.[ES]Se evalúa por primera vez el riesgo de extinción de Eurylophella iberica Keffermuller y Da Terra 1978 (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae) gracias a los nuevos datos de distribución publicados recientemente y usando un método diseñado específicamente para insectos acuáticos. Los resultados mostraron que la especie puede ser considerada como “moderadamente vulnerable”. Discutimos cuales son las principales características de la biología y del hábitat de la especie que pueden determinar su riesgo de extinción, así como las limitaciones de los criterios de la UICN para evaluar insectosWe thank the “Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadalquivir” (Área de Calidad de Aguas) and DBO5 S.L. (Environmental firm, Seville, Spain) for their support and help. DS-F was supported by a postdoctoral contract funded by the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha and the European Social Fund (ESF).Peer reviewe