Analisis Pengaruh Risiko Kredit terhadap Tingkat Profitabilitas pada Pt.bank Negara Indonesia, Tbk Pekanbaru

This study aimed to examine the effect of credit risk, as measured by non performing loan to the level of profitability (return on assets) in the banking PT.Bank Negara Indonesia,Tbk.Sampling technique used is purposive sampling with criteria as PT. Bank Negara Indonesia,Tbk who provide financial report and traded during period 2006-2012. Obtained by amount sampel as much 28 in financial report kuartal since 2006 to 2012. Analysis technique used is simple linier regression.During research period show as data research was normally distributed. Based on multicolinierity test, heteroscedasticity test and autocorrelation test variable digressing of classic assumption on has not founded. Its indicate that the avaiable data has fulfil the condition to use simple linier regression model.Based on the result of the analysis, it is encountered that credit risk influenced negative but it is not significant toward profitability.Based on the above results, it is suggested: (1) it can be used as consideration in maximizing the level of profitability, (2) can increase an empirical and scientific evidence regarding non performing loan to the level of profitability, which can be in line with this research.Keywords : Credit Risk, Non performing Loan, Profitability, Return On Asset

Towards an R Package for the Shortest Path Problem with Forbidden Paths

The shortest path problem with forbidden paths (SPPFP) is a variant of the original shortest path problem. Given a directed graph = (, ), there is also a related set of known forbidden sub-paths in . The problem is to find the shortest paths from a source to a destination node, with no paths in the solution contain forbidden sub-path. SPPFP has been addressed in the academic literature, and different solutions have been proposed [1,2,3]. This problem has several lines of application in research, such as time windows networks, logistics, and more [4]. R is a free- software environment for statistical computing and graphics, and its potential depends on the packages contributed to the project by the community; however no R packages includes the SPPFP.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Peer-to-peer communication in East and West Africa may help promote COVID-19 policy compliance

Containing the COVID-19 pandemic requires the public’s cooperation in adopting health behaviours such as mask wearing and physical distancing. An online survey conducted in April 2020 shows that respondents in Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda had accurate information about COVID-19 but underestimated their peers’ support for COVID-related health policies. However, a majority of respondents were willing to encourage others to practice physical distancing, suggesting that peer-to-peer communication could be used to increase compliance with public health policies

Synthesis Biodiesel From Palm Oil Through Interesterification Using Imobilized Lipase Enzym as Catalyst: the Effect of Amount of Biocatalyst, Mole Ratio of Reactan, Temperature to Yield

Biodiesel usually synthesized by transesterification of triglyceride and alcohol by addition of acid or base catalyst so there is could produce a waste of chemical process. Alternative process is by using biocatalyst such as enzyme to synthesize biodiesel without chemical process waste. In this research, synthesis of biodiesel from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) that through the process of degumming and methyl acetate as acyl donor has been investigated with using Lipozyme as biocatalyst. Variables in this research are amount of biocatalyst, mole ratio of reactant, and temperature, and its respond to the yield conversion of biodiesel that presented by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Yield raging from 15% - 68% were achived during 10 hours reaction time. The results showed that the most influential variable is amount of biocatalyst

Response to Crocetti et al.

No abstract available

Marching with the Volunteers: Their Role and Impact on Beneficiary Accountability in an Indonesian NGO

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of volunteers and its impact on related accountability practices towards beneficiaries by a large humanitarian non-governmental organisation (NGO) in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: The authors adopted a qualitative case study design. The empirical evidence comes from rich fieldwork carried out in an Indonesian NGO. The authors collected the evidence mainly via 46 interviews and five focus groups. Findings: The authors found that the case NGO drew heavily on the social and cultural capitals of volunteers in the process of serving its beneficiaries, which, in turn, facilitated the enhancement of its accountability to the beneficiaries. The authors also found that volunteers play a bridging role to reduce the distance between NGOs and beneficiaries. Research limitations/implications: For NGO managers, this study provides necessary empirical evidence on the positive role played by the volunteers in the development and operationalisation of accountability to the beneficiaries. In the authors’ case, beneficiary accountability is enhanced by the social conduct and practices performed by the NGO’s numerous volunteers. Beneficiary accountability is of significant concern to the policy makers too. This study shows that volunteers and NGO can work in a reciprocal relationship where social and cultural capital can be mobilised to each other’s advantage. To facilitate beneficiary accountability, NGOs can draw on the socio-cultural capitals held by the volunteers who appear to share the same norms and expectations with the beneficiaries. This process can also lead to the building of social and cultural capital by the volunteers themselves as they achieve great satisfaction and gain valuable experience in this process that could lead to greater satisfaction in their spiritual and material lives. Originality/value: The authors extend the previous literature on beneficiary accountability by highlighting the under-researched role of volunteers in such accountability practices. In this paper, the authors first discuss the facilitating role of volunteers in enhancing NGOs’ accountability towards beneficiaries. Then, this is illustrated empirically. In addition, the authors argue that although Bourdieusian concepts like field and capital have been widely used in the analysis of various organisational practices the concept of habitus received limited attention particularly from the context of developing countries. The authors undertake an examination of the habitus of volunteers in the Indonesian case organisation and explore their linkages with the field and associated capitals

Evaluation of hyperspectral technology for assessing the presence and severity of peripheral artery disease

BackgroundHyperspectral imaging is a novel technology that can noninvasively measure oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations to create an anatomic oxygenation map. It has predicted healing of diabetic foot ulcers; however, its ability to assess peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has not been studied. The aims of this study were to determine if hyperspectral imaging could accurately assess the presence or absence of PAD and accurately predict PAD severity.MethodsThis prospective study included consecutive consenting patients presenting to the vascular laboratory at the Jesse Brown VA Medical Center during a 10-week period for a lower extremity arterial study, including ankle-brachial index (ABI) and Doppler waveforms. Patients with lower extremity edema were excluded. Patients underwent hyperspectral imaging at nine angiosomes on each extremity. Additional sites were imaged when tissue loss was present. Medical records of enrolled patients were reviewed for demographic data, active medications, surgical history, and other information pertinent to PAD. Patients were separated into no-PAD and PAD groups. Differences in hyperspectral values between the groups were evaluated using the two-tailed t test. Analysis for differences in values over varying severities of PAD, as defined by triphasic, biphasic, or monophasic Doppler waveforms, was conducted using one-way analysis of variance. Hyperspectral values were correlated with the ABI using a Pearson bivariate linear correlation test.ResultsThe study enrolled 126 patients (252 limbs). After exclusion of 15 patients, 111 patients were left for analysis, including 46 (92 limbs) no-PAD patients and 65 (130 limbs) PAD patients. Groups differed in age, diabetes, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, tobacco use, and insulin use. Deoxyhemoglobin values for the plantar metatarsal, arch, and heel angiosomes were significantly different between patients with and without PAD (P < .005). Mean deoxyhemoglobin values for the same three angiosomes showed significant differences between patients with monophasic, biphasic, and triphasic waveforms (P < .05). In patients with PAD, there was also significant correlation between deoxyhemoglobin values and ABI for the same three angiosomes (P = .001). Oxyhemoglobin values did not predict the presence or absence of PAD, did not correlate with PAD severity, and did not correlate with the ABI.ConclusionsThese results suggest the ability of hyperspectral imaging to detect the presence of PAD. Hyperspectral measurements can also evaluate different severities of PAD

Peripheral arterial disease in women

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects a significant portion of the United States population, and much research has been conducted on identifying populations at risk for PAD, evaluating appropriate diagnostic modalities for PAD, studying the effect of risk factor reduction on PAD progression, and determining the best method of treatment for symptomatic PAD. However, most PAD research and clinical trials have focused on whole populations, or populations consisting mostly of men. Little data exist with respect to PAD in women. The goal of this review is to highlight what is known about gender-related differences for PAD