6 research outputs found
Detecting volcanic sulfur dioxide plumes in the Northern Hemisphere using the Brewer spectrophotometer, other networks, and satellite observations
This paper demonstrates that SO 2 columnar amounts have significantly increased following the five
largest volcanic eruptions of the past decade in the Northern Hemisphere. A strong positive signal was detected
by all the existing networks either ground based (Brewer, EARLINET, AirBase) or from satellites (OMI,
GOME-2). The study particularly examines the adequacy of the existing Brewer network to detect SO 2 plumes
of volcanic origin in comparison to other networks and satellite platforms. The comparison with OMI and 45
GOME-2 SO 2 space-borne retrievals shows statistically significant agreement between the Brewer network data
and the collocated satellite overpasses. It is shown that the Brewer instrument is capable of detecting significant columnar SO 2 increases following large volcanic eruptions, when SO 2 levels rise well above the instrumental
noise of daily observations, estimated to be of the order of 2 DU. A model exercise from the MACC project
shows that the large increases of SO 2 over Europe following the Bárðarbunga eruption in Iceland were not
caused by local sources or ship emissions but are clearly linked to the eruption. We propose that by combining
Brewer data with that from other networks and satellites, a useful tool aided by trajectory analyses and modeling
could be created which can be used to forecast high SO 2 values both at ground level and in air flight corridors
following future eruptions
Measurements of the Optical Depth at Ispra. Analysis of the Correlation with UV-B, UV-A and Solar Irradiance.
Abstract not availableJRC.(EI)-Environment Institut
Aerosol Optical Depth in the UVB and Visible from Brewer Spectrophotometer Direct Irradiance Measurements: 1991 to 2002.
Abstract not availableJRC.I-Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (Ispra
Changes in Surface Solar UV Irradiances and Total Ozone during the Solar Eclipse of 11 August 1999.
Abstract not availableJRC.(EI)-Environment Institut
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Detecting volcanic sulfur dioxide plumes in the Northern Hemisphere using the Brewer spectrophotometers, other networks, and satellite observations
This study examines the adequacy of the existing Brewer network to supplement other networks from the ground and space to detect SO2 plumes of volcanic origin. It was found that large volcanic eruptions of the last decade in the Northern Hemisphere have a positive columnar SO2 signal seen by the Brewer instruments located under the plume. It is shown that a few days after the eruption the Brewer instrument is capable of detecting significant columnar SO2 increases, exceeding on average 2 DU relative to an unperturbed pre-volcanic 10-day baseline, with a mean close to 0 and σ = 0.46, as calculated from the 32 Brewer stations under study. Intercomparisons with independent measurements from the ground and space as well as theoretical calculations corroborate the capability of the Brewer network to detect volcanic plumes. For instance, the comparison with OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and GOME-2 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2) SO2 space-borne retrievals shows statistically significant agreement between the Brewer network data and the collocated satellite overpasses in the case of the Kasatochi eruption. Unfortunately, due to sparsity of satellite data, the significant positive departures seen in the Brewer and other ground networks following the Eyjafjallajökull, Bárðarbunga and Nabro eruptions could not be statistically confirmed by the data from satellite overpasses. A model exercise from the MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate) project shows that the large increases in SO2 over Europe following the Bárðarbunga eruption in Iceland were not caused by local pollution sources or ship emissions but were clearly linked to the volcanic eruption. Sulfur dioxide positive departures in Europe following Bárðarbunga could be traced by other networks from the free troposphere down to the surface (AirBase (European air quality database) and EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network)). We propose that by combining Brewer data with that from other networks and satellites, a useful tool aided by trajectory analyses and modelling could be created which can also be used to forecast high SO2 values both at ground level and in air flight corridors following future eruptions
Detecting volcanic sulfur dioxide plumes in the Northern Hemisphere using the Brewer spectrophotometers, other networks, and satellite observations
This study examines the adequacy of the existing
Brewer network to supplement other networks from the
ground and space to detect SO2 plumes of volcanic origin. It
was found that large volcanic eruptions of the last decade in
the Northern Hemisphere have a positive columnar SO2 signal
seen by the Brewer instruments located under the plume.
It is shown that a few days after the eruption the Brewer instrument
is capable of detecting significant columnar SO2
increases, exceeding on average 2DU relative to an unperturbed
pre-volcanic 10-day baseline, with a mean close to 0
and D 0:46, as calculated from the 32 Brewer stations under
study. Intercomparisons with independent measurements
from the ground and space as well as theoretical calculations
corroborate the capability of the Brewer network to
detect volcanic plumes. For instance, the comparison with
OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and GOME-2 (Global
Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2) SO2 space-borne retrievals
shows statistically significant agreement between the Brewer
network data and the collocated satellite overpasses in the
case of the Kasatochi eruption. Unfortunately, due to sparsity
of satellite data, the significant positive departures seen
in the Brewer and other ground networks following the Eyjafjallajökull,
Bárðarbunga and Nabro eruptions could not
be statistically confirmed by the data from satellite overpasses.
A model exercise from the MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric
Composition and Climate) project shows that the
large increases in SO2 over Europe following the Bárðarbunga
eruption in Iceland were not caused by local pollution
sources or ship emissions but were clearly linked to the
volcanic eruption. Sulfur dioxide positive departures in Europe
following Bárðarbunga could be traced by other networks
from the free troposphere down to the surface (Air-
Base (European air quality database) and EARLINET (European
Aerosol Research Lidar Network)). We propose that
by combining Brewer data with that from other networks and
satellites, a useful tool aided by trajectory analyses and modelling
could be created which can also be used to forecast
high SO2 values both at ground level and in air flight corridors
following future eruptions