Poblaciones europeas de jopo (O. cumana) virulentas en líneas de girasol con diferentes genes de resistencia

Resúmenes del XIII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de FitopatologíaPeer reviewe

Pathogenic and molecular diversity in highly virulent populations of the parasitic weed Orobanche cumana (sunflower broomrape) from Europe

The definitive version is available at www3.interscience.wiley.comThe parasitic weed Orobanche cumana (sunflower broomrape) constrains sunflower production in eastern and southern Europe and in the Middle East. Although genetic resistance is the most effective control method, new parasite races evolve overcoming sunflower resistance. In this work, highly virulent populations of O. cumana were analysed for pathogenicity and genetic diversity. The virulence of 11 populations from Hungary, Romania, Spain and Turkey was assessed and compared after infection of sunflower inbred lines to differentiate races of the parasite under glasshouse conditions. Molecular diversity among and within 27 parasite populations was studied by RAPD-PCR, UPGMA and amova analyses. Highly virulent race F was identified in Hungary, Spain and Turkey. The most virulent race (G) was also found in Turkey. The molecular analysis among highly virulent populations of O. cumana identified four molecular clusters, respectively, grouping populations from Central Spain, Hungary, South Spain and Turkey. The genetic homogeneity within parasite populations was confirmed, since no molecular divergences were found within them. This work constitutes the first geographical study of O. cumana together with pathogenicity and molecular traits inherent to each geographical group, and provides useful information for possible phylogenetic analyses of O. cumana. In addition, molecular markers associated with geographical origin could be developed and used as diagnostic tools to track new broomrape introductions into areas free of virulent races where they might represent a threat to sunflower production.This research was supported by the Ramón Areces Spanish Foundation, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural Research (RTA04-048), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) (PIE200940I120) and Spanish Ministry for Science and Education (HH2005-0017). The placement of S. Raranciuc was granted by the European Science Foundation (CA849). L. Molinero-Ruiz was supported by an I3P post-doctoral contract (CSIC & European Social Fund).Peer reviewe

Diversidad patogénica dentro de poblaciones de jopo de girasol (O. cumana)

Resúmes del XII Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de FitopatologíaPeer reviewe

Puesta a punto de la técnica RAPD-PCR para el análisis de la diversidad genética de poblaciones de la raza F de jopo de girasol (O. cumana)

Resúmes del XII Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de FitopatologíaPeer reviewe

Organic amendments conditions on the control of Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus caused by three Fusarium spp.

Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), F. proliferatum (Fp) and F. solani (Fs) are causal agents associated with roots of asparagus affected by crown and root rot, a disease inflicting serious losses worldwide. The propagule viability of Fusarium spp. was determined on substrate artificially infested with Fo5, Fp3or Fs2 isolates,amended with either poultry manure (PM), its pellet (PPM), or olive residue compost (ORC) and, thereafter, incubated at 30 or 35°C for different periods. Inoculum viability was significantly affected by these organic amendments (OAs) in combination with temperature and incubation period. The greatest reduction in viability of Fo5 and Fs2 occurred with PPM and loss of viability achieved was higher at 35°C than at 30ºC, and longer incubation period (45 days). However, the viability of Fp3 did not decrease greatly in most of the treatments, as compared to the infested and un-amended control, when incubated at 30ºC. After incubation, seedlings of asparagus `Grande´ were transplanted into pots containing substrates infested with the different species of Fusarium. After three months in greenhouse, symptoms severity in roots showed highly significant decreases, but Fp3 caused lower severity than Fo5 and Fs2. Severity reduction was particularly high at 30ºC (by 15 days incubation for Fs2 and by 30-45 days for Fo5), after PPM treatment, as well as PM-2% for Fo5and Fs2 incubated during 30 and 45 days at both temperatures, and with ORC (15-30 days incubation). Moreover, assessment of plants fresh weight showed significantly high increases in Fo5 and Fs2, with some rates of the three OAs tested, depending on incubation period and temperature.This research was funded by a JAEPredoc-CSIC grant to AIBB; Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Spain (project INIA RTA 2006-00045); and Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia, Junta de Andalucía, Spain (Project P06-AGR-02313).Peer reviewe

Estudio de la resistencia a Mildiu (Plasmopara halstedii) en líneas puras de girasol

Resúmes del IX Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de FitopatologíaPeer reviewe

Cephalosporium maydis, the cause of late wilt in maize, a pathogen new to Portugal and Spain

Disease NotesPeer reviewe

Caracterización de una colección de Orobanche cumana (jopo de girasol) recogida en la península Ibérica durante 20 años

Resúmenes del XIII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de FitopatologíaPeer reviewe

Análisis RAPD en poblaciones de mildiu de girasol (Plasmopara halstedii) resistentes a mefenoxam

Resúmenes del XIII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de FitopatologíaPeer reviewe

Mildiu del Girasol

340 páginasLos Hongos y Oomicetos son el grupo más importante de agentes causantes de enfermedades en las plantas, como lo indican las cuantiosas pérdidas que originan en las cosechas y el coste de los fungicidas necesarios para su control. En este libro, los técnicos, docentes, estudiantes, profesionales de la Sanidad Vegetal, y especialistas en Fitopatología encontrarán un estudio pormenorizado y actualizado de las características de dichos patógenos, los procesos mediante los cuales atacan a las plantas, y el Manejo Integrado de las Enfermedades que causan, considerando las cautelas promovidas por la Unión Europea a través de la Directiva 2009/128/CE y el Reglamento (CE) 1107/2009 sobre el uso sostenible de plaguicidas y las formas de control de enfermedades, plagas y malas hierbas. El libro contiene un estudio monográfico sobre 13 enfermedades tipo seleccionadas según la función fisiológica de la planta que es afectada y por la importancia que tienen en la agricultura mediterránea y en particular en la española, que ha sido realizado por fitopatólogos expertos en la investigación sobre ellas. Las principales características de los agentes y síntomas de las enfermedades se ilustran con numerosos esquemas y fotografías en color.Peer reviewe