Definability of maximal cofinitary groups

We present a proof of a result, previously announced by the second author, that there is a closed (even $\Pi^0_1$) set generating an $F_\sigma$ (even $\Sigma^0_2$) maximal cofinitary group (short, mcg) which is isomorphic to a free group. In this isomorphism class, this is the lowest possible definitional complexity of an mcg.Comment: This work is part of the first authors thesi

Comparison of dilution and Doppler discharge measurement methods

Measurements are essential if we are to define hydrological phenomena. The flow is defined as the volume of water within a certain time passes through a cross-section. Over the years, a number of techniques and methods of measurement were created. A number of instruments and devices that measure discharge were developed. By instruments the reliability take precedence over accuracy, because the loss of measurements due to faulty instrument can not be replaced. In my thesis, the majority of those instruments are described and presented. The dilution methodand method using the Doppler effect were described in detail. Principle of the dilution method is injecting a tracer and determing its dilution. This is measured by means of electrical conductivity of water. Doppler effect is the change in frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source. On the basis of change in frequency between sent and received signals the velocity is determined. This thesis compared both methods. For each method nine measurements were made. Measurements were conducted on the same stream and in the same cross section, but in three different days, so that the discharge was different every time. Comparison of measured discharges with both instruments was made. Both instruments were compared also from a practical point of view

The implementation of HSFI 1 (MRS 7) in the contex of cash flow

U ovom radu opisan je izvještaj o novčanom toku kroz HSFI 1 i MRS 7. Uz izvještaj o novčanom toku, obrađeni su i drugi financijski izvještaji kao što su bilanca i račun dobiti i gubitka. Dvije su metode sastavljanja izvještaja o novčanom toku, direktna i indirektna. Iako je direktna metoda preglednija i jednostavnija za sastavljanje, u praksi se češće koristi indirektna metoda. Aktivnosti koje su obuhvaćene izvještajem o novčanom toku su: poslovne, investicijske i financijske. Razlika u sastavljanju izvještaja o novčanom toku direktnom i indirektnom metodom nalazi se u dijelu koji se odnosi na poslovne aktivnosti.This work describes the cash flow report through HSFI 1 and MRS 7. With the cash flow report, other financial statements, such as the balance sheet and profit and loss account, were also processed. There are two methods of compiling cash flow statements, direct and indirect method. Although the direct method is clearer and easier to compile, the indirect method is more commonly used. The activities covered by the cash flow statement are: business, investment and financial. The difference in compiling the cash flow statement by direct and indirect method is in the part related to business activities

The dark side of underground Pula tunnel's

Turizam je jedna od najbrže rastućih grana ekonomije današnjice. Gotovo da nema dijela svijeta koji ne sudjeluje u turističkom kretanju. U tom smislu mračni turizam, kao sastavni dio turističke ponude praktički je tek na početku. Mračni turizam pun je novih mogućnosti, izazova, novih ideja, sadržaja koji sa razvojem ovog našeg ubrzanog svakodnevnog života dolazi sve više do izražaja. Turisti su sve zahtjevniji, pa postoji potražnja za nestandardnim i neobičnim turističkim proizvodom. Selektivni oblici turizma obuhvaćaju oblike turizma gdje je fokus na aktivnostima ili ambijentima koji su privlačni manjem broju turista. Globalno gledajući pojavio se novi turist, moderan turist kojeg ne zanimaju više 4S (sun, sea, sand, sex), već 6E (escape, education, ecology, entertainment, excitement, experience). Moderni turist traži doživljaj, interakciju, sudjelovanje, bijeg od svakodnevnice i novo doživljeno iskustvo. To je super prilika koja me je potakla da pišem o mračnom turizmu koji je slabo zastupljen u Hrvatskoj. Rad pridonosi razvoju mračnog turizma na lokalnoj, regionalnoj, državnoj razini te je mogući primjer drugim istomišljenicima da se na jedan kvalitetan način iskoristi bogatstvo resursa kojima Hrvatska raspolaže za razvoj ovakvog selektivnog oblika turizma. Mračna strana pulskog podzemnog tunela projekt je koji bi zasigurno omogućio dolazak novih turista, obogatio turističku ponudu, poticao druge interesne skupine da u svoju ponudu ukljuĉe sliĉne proizvode i time potaknu razvoj, ovog svijetu poznatog oblika turizma. Nama je to početak prepoznatljivosti Hrvatske kao destinacije koja nudi široku paletu ponuda i zemlje koja može konkurirati svakoj drugoj destinaciji.Nowadays tourism is one of the fastest growing branches of economy. There is almost no part of the world that is not involved in tourist activities. In this respect, Dark tourism, as a composing part of the tourist offer, is only beginning its development. Dark tourism is bursting with new possibilities, challenges, new ideas and activities and its importance will continue to grow as out everyday life becomes increasingly hectic. The tourists grow more challenging, so there is a demand for non-standard and unusual tourist product. Selective forms of tourism focus on activities or environments that are attractive to a small number of tourists. Globally, there appears to be a new tourist, modern tourist who is no longer interested in 4S (sun, sea, sand, sex), but in 6E (escape, education, ecology, entertainment, excitement, experience). Modern tourists look for adventure, interaction, participation, getaway from everyday life and new lived experience. This is a great opportunity which encouraged me to write about dark tourism that is hardly present in Croatia. This thesis contributes to the development of dark tourism on local, regional, state level and presents a potential example for other supporters. It shows that it is possible to exploit the wealth of resources available in Croatia for the development of this selective form of tourism in a quality way. The dark side of Pula’s underground tunnel is a project which would certainly enable the arrival of new tourists, enrich tourist offer, encourage other stakeholders to include similar products in its offer and thus to initiate the development of this world-known form of tourism. For us it represents recognition of Croatia as a destination that provides a wide range of offers and a country which is able to compete with every other destination

The dark side of underground Pula tunnel's

Turizam je jedna od najbrže rastućih grana ekonomije današnjice. Gotovo da nema dijela svijeta koji ne sudjeluje u turističkom kretanju. U tom smislu mračni turizam, kao sastavni dio turističke ponude praktički je tek na početku. Mračni turizam pun je novih mogućnosti, izazova, novih ideja, sadržaja koji sa razvojem ovog našeg ubrzanog svakodnevnog života dolazi sve više do izražaja. Turisti su sve zahtjevniji, pa postoji potražnja za nestandardnim i neobičnim turističkim proizvodom. Selektivni oblici turizma obuhvaćaju oblike turizma gdje je fokus na aktivnostima ili ambijentima koji su privlačni manjem broju turista. Globalno gledajući pojavio se novi turist, moderan turist kojeg ne zanimaju više 4S (sun, sea, sand, sex), već 6E (escape, education, ecology, entertainment, excitement, experience). Moderni turist traži doživljaj, interakciju, sudjelovanje, bijeg od svakodnevnice i novo doživljeno iskustvo. To je super prilika koja me je potakla da pišem o mračnom turizmu koji je slabo zastupljen u Hrvatskoj. Rad pridonosi razvoju mračnog turizma na lokalnoj, regionalnoj, državnoj razini te je mogući primjer drugim istomišljenicima da se na jedan kvalitetan način iskoristi bogatstvo resursa kojima Hrvatska raspolaže za razvoj ovakvog selektivnog oblika turizma. Mračna strana pulskog podzemnog tunela projekt je koji bi zasigurno omogućio dolazak novih turista, obogatio turističku ponudu, poticao druge interesne skupine da u svoju ponudu ukljuĉe sliĉne proizvode i time potaknu razvoj, ovog svijetu poznatog oblika turizma. Nama je to početak prepoznatljivosti Hrvatske kao destinacije koja nudi široku paletu ponuda i zemlje koja može konkurirati svakoj drugoj destinaciji.Nowadays tourism is one of the fastest growing branches of economy. There is almost no part of the world that is not involved in tourist activities. In this respect, Dark tourism, as a composing part of the tourist offer, is only beginning its development. Dark tourism is bursting with new possibilities, challenges, new ideas and activities and its importance will continue to grow as out everyday life becomes increasingly hectic. The tourists grow more challenging, so there is a demand for non-standard and unusual tourist product. Selective forms of tourism focus on activities or environments that are attractive to a small number of tourists. Globally, there appears to be a new tourist, modern tourist who is no longer interested in 4S (sun, sea, sand, sex), but in 6E (escape, education, ecology, entertainment, excitement, experience). Modern tourists look for adventure, interaction, participation, getaway from everyday life and new lived experience. This is a great opportunity which encouraged me to write about dark tourism that is hardly present in Croatia. This thesis contributes to the development of dark tourism on local, regional, state level and presents a potential example for other supporters. It shows that it is possible to exploit the wealth of resources available in Croatia for the development of this selective form of tourism in a quality way. The dark side of Pula’s underground tunnel is a project which would certainly enable the arrival of new tourists, enrich tourist offer, encourage other stakeholders to include similar products in its offer and thus to initiate the development of this world-known form of tourism. For us it represents recognition of Croatia as a destination that provides a wide range of offers and a country which is able to compete with every other destination

A novel, rapid method to compare the therapeutic windows of oral anticoagulants using the Hill coefficient

A central challenge in designing and administering effective anticoagulants is achieving the proper therapeutic window and dosage for each patient. The Hill coefficient, nH, which measures the steepness of a dose-response relationship, may be a useful gauge of this therapeutic window. We sought to measure the Hill coefficient of available anticoagulants to gain insight into their therapeutic windows. We used a simple fluorometric in vitro assay to determine clotting activity in platelet poor plasma after exposure to various concentrations of anticoagulants. The Hill coefficient for argatroban was the lowest, at 1.7±0.2 (95% confidence interval, CI), and the Hill coefficient for fondaparinux was the highest, at 4.5±1.3 (95% CI). Thus, doubling the dose of fondaparinux from its IC50 would decrease coagulation activity by nearly a half, whereas doubling the dose of argatroban from its IC50 would decrease coagulation activity by merely one quarter. These results show a significant variation among the Hill coefficients, suggesting a similar variation in therapeutic windows among anticoagulants in our assay

Diagnostic, prognostic and predictive value of cell-free miRNAs in prostate cancer : A systematic review

Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Endzeliņš et al.Prostate cancer, the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in males worldwide, is estimated to be diagnosed in 1.1 million men per year. Introduction of PSA testing substantially improved early detection of prostate cancer, however it also led to overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment of patients with an indolent disease. Treatment outcome and management of prostate cancer could be improved by the development of non-invasive biomarker assays that aid in increasing the sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer screening, help to distinguish aggressive from indolent disease and guide therapeutic decisions. Prostate cancer cells release miRNAs into the bloodstream, where they exist incorporated into ribonucleoprotein complexes or extracellular vesicles. Later, cell-free miRNAs have been found in various other biofluids. The initial RNA sequencing studies suggested that most of the circulating cell-free miRNAs in healthy individuals are derived from blood cells, while specific disease-associated miRNA signatures may appear in the circulation of patients affected with various diseases, including cancer. This raised a hope that cell-free miRNAs may serve as non-invasive biomarkers for prostate cancer. Indeed, a number of cell-free miRNAs that potentially may serve as diagnostic, prognostic or predictive biomarkers have been discovered in blood or other biofluids of prostate cancer patients and need to be validated in appropriately designed longitudinal studies and clinical trials. In this review, we systematically summarise studies investigating cell-free miRNAs in biofluids of prostate cancer patients and discuss the utility of the identified biomarkers in various clinical scenarios. Furthermore, we discuss the possible mechanisms of miRNA release into biofluids and outline the biological questions and technical challenges that have arisen from these studies.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Topos models of set-theoretic principles

In this thesis we approach axioms of choice of different strength by considering topoi. First, we present Grothendieck topoi and afterwards their abstractly axiomatised counterparts called elementary topoi. For these we show, that they carry logic, through which we can express set-theoretic statements. We consider topos versions of axiom of choice, axiom of dependent choice and axiom of countable choice. For Grothendieck topoi (over atomic sites) we give natural conditions (without reference to the internal language of the topos) for validity of the internal choice principles. We show that the same implications as for the set-theoretic versions also hold for the topos versions. We present three concrete examples of Grothendieck topoi, which show that the converses of these implications are not valid and that the three considered axioms are independent from IZFA (intuitionistic ZF, where atoms are allowed).V delu pristopimo k obravnavi aksiomov izbire različnih moči preko toposov. Najprej predstavimo Grothendieckove topose, nato pa abstraktno aksiomatizirane elementarne topose. Za slednje pokažemo, da so na naravni način nosilci logike, preko katere lahko znotraj toposa izrazimo trditve iz teorije množic. Obravnavamo toposne različice aksioma izbire, aksioma odvisne izbire in aksioma števne izbire. Za Grothendieckove topose (nad atomskimi odri) navedemo naravne pogoje (brez uporabe notranjega jezika toposa) za veljavnost toposnih različic aksiomov izbire. Dokažemo, da tudi za toposne različice formulacij veljajo iste implikacije kot v teoriji množic. Predstavimo tudi tri konkretne primere Grothendieckovih toposov in tako dokažemo, da obratne implikacije ne veljajo ter da so vsi trije obravnavani aksiomi neodvisni od IZFA (intuitionistične ZF, kjer so dovoljeni atomi)

Technology Parks - Supprt for Economic Development

Suvremeno gospodarstvo značajno je obilježeno tehnologijom i inovacijama, kao vodećim resursima današnjice. Tehnologija je resurs koji u suvremeno doba obilježava sve sektore, djelatnosti i organizacije. Tehnološki napredak u potpunosti mijenja koncepcije poslovanja pa su ulaganja u tehnološki razvoj i znanja strateške odrednice ekonomskog napretka. Tehnološki parkovi imaju iznimnu ulogu u razvoju gospodarstva. To su mjesta konkurencije, suradnje te inovativnosti. Oni podržavaju funkcioniranje suvremene ekonomije, a snažno su orijentirana na nova poduzeća koja obilježava visoka tehnologija. Tehnološki parkovi u Hrvatskoj zaostaju za međunarodnom praksom, no važan su generator ekonomskog napretka i modernizacije gospodarstva. Od osnivanja do danas doprinijeli su tehnološkom napretku čitave države, a najveće koristi imaju mala i srednja poduzeća. Konkretni rezultati koji su do sada ostvareni uglavnom se odnose na uspješnu komercijalizaciju inovativnih ideja, modernizaciju poduzeća, te jačanje poduzetničke aktivnosti.The contemporary economy has been significantly marked by technology and innovation, leading resources in contemporary time. Technology is a resource that today characterizes all sectors, activities and organizations. Technological progress has completely changed business concepts. Due that investment in technological development and knowledge are strategic determinants of the economic progress. Technology parks have an exceptional role in the economy development. They are places of competition, cooperation and innovation. They support the functioning of modern economies and they are strongly oriented to the small and middle high technology enterprise. Technology parks in Croatia lag behind international practice. From their establishment in the past times until today, they have contributed to the technological progress of the entire country. The small and medium enterprises have the greatest benefits of their functionality. The concrete results that are achieved are mainly related to the successful commercialization of innovative ideas, modernization of companies, and strengthening of entrepreneurial activities