Research and application of management accounting in project performance evaluation based on PCA model

With the development of society and the continuous improvement of market economy, the economic environment of enterprises has changed greatly, the competition between enterprises is becoming more and more fierce, and the survival of enterprises has also been greatly challenged. In this context, the performance evaluation of enterprises has attracted the attention of the whole society, especially the scholars and experts in the business community, and the theory and method of enterprise performance analysis have also been further deepened and developed. With the help of the principal component analysis (PCA) model and management accounting tools, this paper aims to correctly evaluate the performance of enterprises, find the factors that affect the performance of enterprises, and then put forward some suggestions, hoping to provide reference for the performance evaluation of enterprises, improve the core competitiveness of enterprises, and help enterprises develop and grow better under the new situation

The role of neutrophils in chorioamnionitis

Chorioamnionitis, commonly referred to as intrauterine infection or inflammation, is pathologically defined by neutrophil infiltration and inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface. Chorioamnionitis is the common complication during late pregnancy, which lead to a series of serious consequences, such as preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes, and fetal inflammatory response syndrome. During infection, a large number of neutrophils migrate to the chorio-decidua in response to chemokines. Although neutrophils, a crucial part of innate immune cells, have strong anti-inflammatory properties, over-activating them can harm the body while also eliminating pathogens. This review concentrated on the latest studies on chorioamnionitis-related consequences as well as the function and malfunction of neutrophils. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps, production of reactive oxygen species, and degranulation from neutrophils during intrauterine infection, as well as their pathological roles in complications related to chorioamnionitis, were discussed in detail, offering fresh perspectives on the treatment of chorioamnionitis

Frailty and influencing factors in elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus : A descriptive literature review

Background： Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that existsworldwide. frailty severely affects older patients with T2DM. The frailty of elderlyT2DM patients and the factors affecting frailty are of great concern.Aim：Describe frailty in older patients with type 2 diabetes and describe the factorsthat influence frailty.Methods：The eligible literature in PubMed database was searched and screened, and10 articles were finally selected.Results：To describe the current status of elderly T2DM patients, the frailty status wasdivided into three groups: non-frailty, pre-frail, and frailty, and the influencing factorswere described in four categories (psychological, physical, social, and daily life).Conclusions：Among the 4 themes of psychological, physical, social and daily lifefactors affecting the frailty of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, from theperspectives of negative influencing factors as depressive states, physical pathologiesand poor lifestyle, which accelerate the process of frailty; active work and good qualityof life play positive role in preventing or decreasing prone to frailty.Keywords：Type 2 diabetes, frailty, elderl

Frailty and influencing factors in elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus : A descriptive literature review

Background： Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that existsworldwide. frailty severely affects older patients with T2DM. The frailty of elderlyT2DM patients and the factors affecting frailty are of great concern.Aim：Describe frailty in older patients with type 2 diabetes and describe the factorsthat influence frailty.Methods：The eligible literature in PubMed database was searched and screened, and10 articles were finally selected.Results：To describe the current status of elderly T2DM patients, the frailty status wasdivided into three groups: non-frailty, pre-frail, and frailty, and the influencing factorswere described in four categories (psychological, physical, social, and daily life).Conclusions：Among the 4 themes of psychological, physical, social and daily lifefactors affecting the frailty of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, from theperspectives of negative influencing factors as depressive states, physical pathologiesand poor lifestyle, which accelerate the process of frailty; active work and good qualityof life play positive role in preventing or decreasing prone to frailty.Keywords：Type 2 diabetes, frailty, elderl

Factors affecting student satisfaction in e-learning

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence college student satisfaction with e-learning. Authors also attempt to explore the relationship between usage intention and factors affecting e-learner satisfaction. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted for this study. 224 undergraduates from Suzhou participated in the data collection process. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to examine relationships between various antecedents and the usage intention of online courses. It is found that external factors such as class interaction and the quality of teachers impose a significant impact on student satisfaction. Internal factors such as the level of self-discipline and the degree of concentration also influence satisfaction. Both external factors and internal factors had positive effects on the usage intention of online courses. The findings may assist faculty in designing quality online courses to meet students' needs better and improve student satisfaction

Rural Spatial Differentiation and Revitalization Approaches in China: A Case Study of Qingdao City

Rural revitalization, as a major strategy with the goal of realizing the overall development of strong agriculture industries, beautiful rural areas, and rich farmers, is an effective way of alleviating the loss of talent, land, capital, and other elements in rural areas and a possible cure for “rural diseases”. However, “rural diseases” faced by villages are very different, and thus exploring suitable strategies for rural revitalization is beneficial to the implementation of rural revitalization strategies and the promotion of urban–rural integration. Based on location theory, this paper constructs a point–axis–domain three-dimensional spatial location theory model that integrates market location, traffic location, and natural location and combines the coupling coordination model to comprehensively study the vitality and development directions of Qingdao’s rural areas. Results found that Qingdao’s high-level and medium–high-level coupling coordination areas are the main types of coupling coordination, accounting for 45.19% and 47.48%, respectively. Based on the development status of Qingdao, this study explores development directions for rural revitalization poles as well as high-level, medium–high-level, and medium-level coupling coordination areas and suggests the following: rural revitalization poles should play a demonstration role in rural revitalization in terms of industrial development, rural civilization, social governance, public service construction, etc.; high-level coupling coordination areas should focus on building modern hi-tech agriculture and rural marine tourism industries; medium–high-level coupling coordination areas should strengthen the building of satellite towns and promote industrial transformation and upgrading; medium-level coupling coordination areas should actively develop ecological environment conservation models and establish a characteristic mountainous eco-tourism industry. Thus, the findings provide important scientific reference for the implementation of rural revitalization

Immunity to Sda1 Protects against Infection by Sda1⁺ and Sda1⁻ Serotypes of Group A <i>Streptococcus</i>

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes a variety of diseases globally. The DNases in GAS promote GAS evasion of neutrophil killing by degrading neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Sda1 is a prophage-encoded DNase associated with virulent GAS strains. However, protective immunity against Sda1 has not been determined. In this study, we explored the potential of Sda1 as a vaccine candidate. Sda1 was used as a vaccine to immunize mice intranasally. The effect of anti-Sda1 IgG in neutralizing degradation of NETs was determined and the protective role of Sda1 was investigated with intranasal and systemic challenge models. Antigen-specific antibodies were induced in the sera and pharyngeal mucosal site after Sda1 immunization. The anti-Sda1 IgG efficiently prevented degradation of NETs by supernatant samples from different GAS serotypes with or without Sda1. Sda1 immunization promoted clearance of GAS from the nasopharynx independent of GAS serotypes but did not reduce lethality after systemic GAS challenge. Anti-Sda1 antibody can neutralize degradation of NETs by Sda1 and other phage-encoded DNases and decrease GAS colonization at the nasopharynx across serotypes. These results indicate that Sda1 can be a potential vaccine candidate for reduction in GAS reservoir and GAS tonsillitis-associated diseases

A Multicomponent Vaccine Provides Immunity against Local and Systemic Infections by Group A Streptococcus across Serotypes

GAS is among the most common human pathogens and causes a wide variety of diseases, likely more than any other microorganism. The diverse clinical manifestations of GAS may be attributable to its large repertoire of virulence factors that are selectively and synergistically involved in streptococcal pathogenesis. To date, GAS vaccines have not been successful due to multiple serotypes and postinfection sequelae associated with autoimmunity. In this study, five conserved virulence factors that are involved in GAS pathogenesis were used as a combined vaccine. Intranasal immunization with this vaccine induced humoral and cellular immune responses across GAS serotypes and protected against mucosal, systemic, and skin infections. The significance of this work is to demonstrate that the efficacy of GAS vaccines can be achieved by including multiple nonredundant critical virulence factors and inducing local and systemic immunity. The strategy also provides valuable insights for vaccine development against other pathogens.Group A streptococcus (GAS) species are responsible for a broad spectrum of human diseases, ranging from superficial to invasive infections, and are associated with autoimmune disorders. There is no commercial vaccine against GAS. The clinical manifestations of GAS infection may be attributable to the large repertoire of virulence factors used selectively in different types of GAS disease. Here, we selected five molecules, highly conserved among GAS serotypes, and involved in different pathogenic mechanisms, as a multicomponent vaccine, 5CP. Intranasal (i.n.) immunization with 5CP protected mice against both mucosal and systemic GAS infection across serotypes; the protection lasted at least 6 months. Immunization of mice with 5CP constrained skin lesion development and accelerated lesion recovery. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses revealed that 5CP induced Th17 and antibody responses locally and systemically; however, the Th17 response induced by 5CP resolved more quickly than that to GAS when challenge bacteria were cleared, suggesting that 5CP is less likely to cause autoimmune responses. These findings support that immunization through the i.n. route targeting multiple nonredundant virulence factors can induce immunity against different types of GAS disease and represents an alternative strategy for GAS vaccine development, with favorable efficacy, coverage, duration, and safety

Protective immune mechanisms of Yifei Tongluo, a Chinese herb formulation, in the treatment of mycobacterial infection.

Yifei Tongluo (YFTL) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation which has been shown clinical efficacy in treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China. However, the underlying mechanisms of the effects of YFTL are lacking. This study investigated the effects of YFTL on immune regulation with a mouse lung infection model with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). We found that compared with untreated mice, the lung mycobacterial load in YFTL-treated mice was significantly reduced, accompanied by alleviated pulmonary inflammation with reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Flow cytometry analyses showed that Th1 cells were significantly higher in the lungs of YFTL-treated mice at early infection time. The results suggest that YFTL-treatment down-regulates pulmonary inflammation, which facilitates a rapid infiltration of Th1 cells into the lungs. Moreover, the Th1 cells in the lungs were resolved faster at later time concomitant with increased the regulatory T cells (Tregs). The reduction of mycobacterial burden associated with improved tissue pathology, faster Th1 cell trafficking, and accelerated resolution of Th1 cells in the lungs of YFTL-treated mice indicates that YFTL improves mycobacterial clearance by maintaining lung homeostasis and dynamically regulating T cells in the lung parenchyma, and suggests that YFTL can be used as host-directed therapies that target immune responses to mycobacterial infection