Gaston Bachelard et "le depart de l'image"

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Deux tentatives de recuperation de la "pensée-Michel-Foucault"

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A Concept for User-Centered Delegation of Abstract High-Level Tasks to Cobots for Flexible Lot Sizes

Technical advances in collaborative robots (cobots) are making them increasingly attractive to companies. However, many human operators are not trained to program complex machines. Instead, humans are used to communicating with each other on a task-based level rather than through specific instructions, as is common with machines. The gap between low-level instruction-based and high-level task-based communication leads to low values for usability scores of teach pendant programming. As a solution, we propose a task-based interaction concept that allows human operators to delegate a complex task to a machine without programming by specifying a task via triplets. The concept is based on task decomposition and a reasoning system using a cognitive architecture. The approach is evaluated in an industrial use case where mineral cast basins have to be sanded by a cobot in a crafts enterprise

Development and validation of a quick assay for the total glucosinolate content in horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) using glucose strips and a blood glucose meter.

A quick assay to determine the total glucosinolate content of fresh horseradish roots in less than 10 minutes is described. The method involves the following steps: 1. Maceration of horseradish root with 4% phosphoric acid to avoid enzymatic degradation of endogenous glucosinolates, 2. neutralization of the extract and determination of free glucose using a commercial blood glucose meter, 3. enzymatic hydrolysis of the glucosinolates by exogenous myrosinase, 4. detection of released glucose, again using a blood glucose meter, and 5. calculation of the glucosinolate content on the basis of the difference between the two glucose values determined. The newly developed assay (‘ITC quick test’) was compared with a standard high-performance liquid chromatographic method for glucosinolate analysis

A Comparison of Three Designs for List-style Open-ended Questions in Web Surveys

Although list-style open-ended questions generally help us gain deeper insights into respondents’ thoughts, opinions, and behaviors, the quality of responses is often compromised. We tested a dynamic and a follow-up design to motivate respondents to give higher quality responses than with a static design, but without overburdening them. Our results showed that a follow-up design achieved longer responses with more themes and theme areas than a static design. In contrast, the dynamic design produced the shortest answers with the fewest themes and theme areas. No differences in item nonresponse and only minor differences in additional response burden were found among the three list-style designs. Our study shows that design features and timing are crucial to clarify the desired response format and motivate respondents to give high-quality answers to list-style open-ended questions

Higher data quality in web probing with EvalAnswer: a tool for identifying and reducing nonresponse in openended questions

"EvalAnswer is a tool for automatically detecting different types of nonresponse in answers to openended questions. It was specifically developed for use in web probing procedures but it can be used in any online survey that asks open-ended questions. EvalAnswer automatically detects and codes cases of nonresponse and suggests follow-up questions which are tailored to reduce nonresponse. Once implemented in a survey, researchers have a powerful survey aid that helps to automatically increase data quality during the interview process by eliciting better answers to open-ended questions. Furthermore, the tool can be used in the post-processing of answers after data collection. The tool can be adapted to be used in one's own survey. This paper describes the survey methodology that led to developing the tool and it gives details on its validity and effectiveness." (author's abstract

Combining Quantitative Experimental Data with Web Probing: The Case of Individual Solutions for the Division of Labor Between Both Genders

In 2012, a new question was introduced into the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). It asks respondents to indicate what they consider the best division of labor between men and women. In this paper, we propose to assess the validity and cross-national comparability of this new ISSP question, using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative experimental data with qualitative probing data. We implemented our experiment in non-probability online surveys in five countries, in which half of the respondents received the original ISSP question and the other half a variant with an additional category saying "Each family should find the solution which works best for them." In addition, the understanding of "individual solutions" was probed. We report on the understanding of this category

Web probing - implementing probing techniques from cognitive interviewing in web surveys with the goal to assess the validity of survey questions (Version 1.0)

Web probing - that is, the implementation of probing techniques from cognitive interviewing in web surveys with the goal to assess the validity of survey items - has recently found its way into the toolbox of (cross-cultural) survey methodologists. These guidelines present the origins of web probing, its developments, the current knowledge on its implementation, analysis possibilities and tips for the implementation of web probing in the cross-cultural context. These guidelines summarize the main findings from two research projects on web probing funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Wherever possible and existing, findings from other research groups supplement this overview.Unter Web Probing ist der Einsatz von Probing-Techniken, die ihren Ursprung in kognitiven Interviews haben, in Online-Umfragen zum Zwecke der Validitätstestung zu verstehen. Die Methode ist noch relativ neu, breitet sich aber stetig in der (interkulturellen) Forschungscommunity aus. In diesen Guidelines werden folgende Themen behandelt: Ursprünge des Web Probing, seine (Weiter-)Entwicklungen, das derzeitige Wissen zur Implementierung, Analysemöglichkeiten und Tipps für den Einsatz der Methode im interkulturellen Kontext. Diese Guidelines fassen das Wissen aus zwei DFG-geförderten Forschungsprojekten zusammen. Wenn möglich und bereits vorhanden, komplementieren die Ergebnisse weiterer Forschungsgruppen diese Guidelines