Full event simulation of Photoproduction at NLO QCD in Sherpa

Photoproduction is an important mode for the production of jets and electro-weak particles at lepton--lepton and lepton--hadron colliders and allows for interesting studies of exclusive production at hadron--hadron colliders. In this talk, I will review recent efforts of extending the Sherpa event generator to include the calculation of photoproduction cross sections for electron and proton beams, including the simulation of underlying events. The framework is validated using data of jet production at the HERA and LEP experiments and lepton production at the LHC. I will discuss advances towards achieving matched NLO accuracy and fully capturing the dynamics of inclusive and exclusive photoproduction at different colliders.Comment: DIS202

Modelling the benefits of urine diversion for resource recovery: a case study of Arba Minch, Ethiopia

Urine diversion provides a possibility of linking environmental sanitation and agricultural production. In order to support decision making with regard to the implementation of dry, urinediverting toilets (UDDT), material flow analysis (MFA) can represent a useful tool. This paper presents the use of a material flow analysis for water, sanitation and organic waste applied to the city of Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Mass flows as well as nitrogen and phosphorus flows are assessed. The results highlight the potential for reduced environmental pollution as well as the recovery of valuable nutrients through the application of urine and compost. Different implementation pathways are modelled including uncertainty analyses. The results show that the replacement of nitrogen and phosphorus fertiliser currently required within the system boundaries is possible at UDDT implementation rates between 20 and 50%. If more households are equipped with UDDTs, excess nutrients can be delivered to surrounding areas with higher farming intensities

Resolved Photons in Sherpa

We present the first complete simulation framework, in the Sherpa event generator, for resolved photon interactions at next-to leading order accuracy. It includes photon spectra obtained through the equivalent-photon approximation, parton distribution functions to parametrize the hadronic structure of quasi-real photons, the matching of the parton shower to next-to leading order QCD calculations for resolved photon cross sections, and the modelling of multiple-parton interactions. We validate our framework against a wide range of photo-production data from LEP and HERA experiments, observing good overall agreement. We identify important future steps relevant for high-quality simulations at the planned Electron-Ion Collider

Resolved photons in Sherpa

We present the first complete simulation framework, in the event generator, for resolved photon interactions at next-to leading order accuracy. It includes photon spectra obtained through the equivalent-photon approximation, parton distribution functions to parametrize the hadronic structure of quasi-real photons, the matching of the parton shower to next-to leading order QCD calculations for resolved photon cross sections, and the modelling of multiple-parton interactions. We validate our framework against a wide range of photo-production data from and experiments, observing good overall agreement. We identify important future steps relevant for high-quality simulations at the planned Electron–Ion Collider

Biochemische und molekularbiologische Studien zur Funktionsanalyse der UDP-Galaktose: Ceramid Galaktosyltransferase

Galaktocerebroside sind, wie durch konventionelle Genablation gezeigt wurde, eine entscheidende Lipidkomponente, die für die Funktion der Myelinmembran essentiell ist. Das für die konditionierte Genausschaltung modifizierte Schlüsselenzym ihrer Synthese, die UDP Galaktose: Ceramid Galaktosyltransferase, wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit durch einen replacement Vektor mittels gene targeting in embryonale Stammzellen eingeführt. Diese Zellen führten trotz des Nachweises ihrer Pluripotenz nicht zu einer Keimbahntransmission in den aus ihnen erstellten chimären Tieren. Durch Mikroinjektion wurde eine transgene Mauslinie für einen myelinspezifischen, Cre-Rekombinase codierenden Vektor auf der Basis des �tet on� Systems geschaffen. Die Analyse durch den ROSA26ßgeo Reporter Mausstamm zeigte, dass das System auf der Ebene des reversen Transaktivators nicht zur gewünschten Transkription führt und somit für den neurospezifischen Ansatz nicht geeignet ist. Die Untersuchung der murinen 3kb5� des Transkriptionsstarts gelegenen untranslatierten CGT Sequenz konnte diesem Bereich keine genregulatorische Funktion zuweisen, was dessen alternative Benutzung für die transkriptionelle Kontrolle, z.B. in der Cre Expression, ausschloss. Es wurden in Kaninchen zwei unterschiedliche, gegen das CGT Protein gerichtete polyklonale Antikörper generiert und als spezifisch charakterisiert. Die Analyse von überexprimierenden, glykosylierungsdefizienten und trunkierten rnCGT Mutanten in HEK293 Zellen zeigte, dass alle drei putativen N-Glykosylierungsstellen genutzt werden und für die Aktivität des Enzyms notwendig sind. Weiterhin ist die C-terminal gelegene Proteindomäne, die das ER Retentionssignal trägt, nicht für die Aktivität und korrekte subzelluläre Lokalisierung nötig. Die nicht membrangebundene N-terminale Domäne ist nicht stabil und hat keine Aktivität. Weitere Einflüsse der CGT auf die Funktion und Aufrechterhaltung der Myelinmembran müssen in weiterführenden Experimenten, wie der konditionierten Genablation, überprüft werden

Resource-oriented toilet: a sustainable sanitation option adopted in Arba Minch, Ethiopia

The ROSA project (ResourceOriented Sanitation concepts for periurban areas in Africa) proposes resourcesoriented sanitation concepts as a route to sustainable sanitation and to meet the UN Millennium Development Goals. These concepts are applied in ROSA's four pilot cities in Eastern Africa: Arba Minch in Ethiopia, Nakuru in Kenya, Arusha in Tanzania, and Kitgum in Uganda. With in the framework of the ROSA project several pilot units have been constructed for the treatment and safe use of human excreta, grey water and solid waste. Researches were also carried out targeting the gaps for the implementation of these resourceoriented sanitation solutions. In this paper the methods followed for the construction of toilet units constructed in Arba Minh town which include UDDT (urine diversion Dry Toilets), Fossa Alterna & Arborloo are described. In addition the implementation of the resource oriented concepts are addressed to share the knowledge acquired while implementing these toilet units

Experience with the introduction of dry, urine-diverting sanitation systems in Ethiopia

To overcome the drawbacks of conventional sanitation systems, new approaches to sanitation are necessary. Human faeces and urine as well as greywater represent potential resources requiring efficient management. Thus, source-separating systems, which safe water and allow the recycling of nutrients to agriculture, can provide an alternative. These systems can even be integrated into multistorey houses, therefore addressing the need for resource efficient sanitation in condominium housing programmes. Several urine separating facilities are implemented in Ethiopia showing a high acceptance by their users. The cost comparison between source-separating systems and the conventional system for condominium houses shows an advantage for the new approach due to savings of water for toilet flushing as well as reduced costs for the treatment of the wastewater in septic tanks. The use of human urine as fertiliser in several trials resulted in significant benefits in terms of improved crop growth

A unified leptoquark model confronted with lepton non-universality in B-meson decays

The anomalies in the B-meson sector, in particular RK(⁎) and RD(⁎), are often interpreted as hints for physics beyond the Standard Model. To this end, leptoquarks or a heavy Z′ represent the most popular SM extensions which can explain the observations. However, adding these fields by hand is not very satisfactory as it does not address the big questions like a possible embedding into a unified gauge theory. On the other hand, light leptoquarks within a unified framework are challenging due to additional constraints such as lepton flavor violation. The existing accounts typically deal with this issue by providing estimates on the relevant couplings. In this letter we consider a complete model based on the SU(4)C⊗SU(2)L⊗U(1)R gauge symmetry, a subgroup of SO(10), featuring both scalar and vector leptoquarks. We demonstrate that this setup has, in principle, all the potential to accommodate RK(⁎) and RD(⁎) while respecting bounds from other sectors usually checked in this context. However, it turns out that KL→e±μ∓ severely constraints not only the vector but also the scalar leptoquarks and, consequently, also the room for any sizeable deviations of RK(⁎) from 1. We briefly comment on the options for extending the model in order to conform this constraint. Moreover, we present a simple criterion for all-orders proton stability within this class of models

The microRNA processing subunit DGCR8 is required for a T cell-dependent germinal center response

We have previously shown that the microRNA (miRNA) processor complex consisting of the RNAse Drosha and the DiGeorge Critical Region (DGCR) 8 protein is essential for B cell maturation. To determine whether miRNA processing is required to initiate T cell-mediated antibody responses, we deleted DGCR8 in maturing B2 cells by crossing a mouse with loxP-flanked DGCR8 alleles with a CD23-Cre mouse. As expected, non-immunized mice showed reduced numbers of mature B2 cells and IgG-secreting cells and diminished serum IgG titers. In accordance, germinal centers and antigen-specific IgG-secreting cells were absent in mice immunized with T-dependent antigens. Therefore, DGCR8 is required to mount an efficient T-dependent antibody response. However, DGCR8 deletion in B1 cells was incomplete, resulting in unaltered B1 cell numbers and normal IgM and IgA titers in DGCR8-knock-out mice. Therefore, this mouse model could be used to analyze B1 responses in the absence of functional B2 cells