Association analysis of polymorphisms in SLK, ARHGEF9, WWC2, GAB3, and FSHR genes with reproductive traits in different sheep breeds

The aim was to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of gene mutation loci and reproductive traits in local sheep breeds (Duolang Sheep) and introduced sheep breeds (Suffolk, Hu Sheep) in Xinjiang to provide new molecular markers for the selection and breeding of high fecundity sheep. The expression pattern of typing successful genes in sheep tissues was investigated by RT-qPCR technology, providing primary data for subsequent verification of gene function. The 26 mutation loci of WWC2, ARHGEF9, SLK, GAB3, and FSHR genes were typed using KASP. Association analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0, and the typing results showed that five genes with six loci, WWC2 (g.14962207 C>T), ARHGEF9 (g.48271079 C>A), SLK (g.27107842 T>C, g.27108855 G>A), GAB3 (g.86134602 G>A), and FSHR (g.80789180 T>G) were successfully typed. The results of the association analyses showed that WWC2 (g.14962207 C>T), SLK (g.27108855 G>A), ARHGEF9 (g.48271079 C>A), and FSHR (g.80789180 T>G) caused significant or extremely significant effects on the litter size in Duolang, Suffolk and Hu Sheep populations. The expression distribution pattern of the five genes in 12 sheep reproduction-related tissues was examined by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the expression of the SLK gene in the uterus, the FSHR gene in the ovary, and the ARHGEF9 gene in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis-related tissues were significantly higher than in the tissues of other parts of the sheep. WWC2 and GAB3 genes were highly expressed both in reproductive organs and visceral tissues. In summary, the WWC2 (g.14962207 C>T), SLK (g.27108855 G>A), ARHGEF9 (g.48271079 C>A), and FSHR (g.80789180 T>G) loci can be used as potential molecular markers for detecting differences in reproductive performance in sheep. Due to variations in typing results, the SLK (g.27107842 T>C) and GAB3 (g.86134602 G>A) loci need further validation

Identification and transcriptome analysis of the R2R3-MYB gene family in Haloxylon ammodendron

The MYB transcription factor family is widespread in plants and plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as in plant responses to stress. The MYB transcription factor family has been identified in a variety of organisms; however, it has not been identified and analysed in the desert plant Haloxylon ammodendron. In this study, R2R3-MYB genes were identified and analysed using a bioinformatic approach. A total of 78 R2R3-MYB genes were identified and named according to their position on the chromosome. The R2R3-MYB genes were unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the HaMYB genes were all divided into 31 subfamilies. Covariance analysis revealed the presence of three pairs of fragmentary duplicated genes in H. ammodendron (HaMYB54 and HaMYB17, HaMYB44 and HaMYB36, HaMYB42 and HaMYB27). Gene structure and conserved structural domain analysis revealed different subgroups with different orders of magnitude of variation in gene structures and conserved structural domains. Analysis of cis-elements showed that the cis-acting elements of HaMYBs were mainly associated with hormone and abiotic stress responses. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of HaR2R3-MYB genes, and six HaR2R3-MYB genes were found to respond to salt stress and six HaR2R3-MYB genes to drought stress, with HaMYB22 and HaMYB27 showing upregulated expression under both stresses. Transcriptome analysis showed that HaMYB63 was significantly differentially expressed in the assimilated branches of H. ammodendron, and the subcellular localization of this protein showed that it was located in the nucleus and had transcriptional self-activating activity. These results provide a theoretical basis for further studies on the functions of the R2R3-MYB gene family and the molecular mechanisms of resistance in H. ammodendron

Opioid-induced inhibition of the human 5-HT and noradrenaline transporters in vitro: link to clinical reports of serotonin syndrome

Opioids may inhibit the 5-HT transporter (SERT) and the noradrenaline transporter (NET). NET inhibition may contribute to analgesia, and SERT inhibition or interactions with 5-HT receptors may cause serotonergic toxicity. However, the effects of different opioids on the human SERT, NET and 5-HT receptors have not been sufficiently studied.; We determined the potencies of different opioids to inhibit the SERT and NET in vitro using human transporter-transfected HEK293 cells. We also tested binding affinities at 5-HT; 1A; , 5-HT; 2A; and 5-HT; 2C; receptors. Additionally, we assessed clinical cases of the serotonin syndrome associated with each opioid reported by PubMed and a World Health Organization database.; Dextromethorphan, l(R)-methadone, racemic methadone, pethidine, tramadol and tapentadol inhibited the SERT at or close to observed drug plasma or estimated brain concentrations in patients. Tapentadol was the most potent NET inhibitor. Pethidine, tramadol, l(R)-methadone, racemic methadone, dextromethorphan and O-desmethyltramadol also inhibited the NET. 6-Monoacetylmorphine, buprenorphine, codeine, dihydrocodeine, heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone and oxymorphone did not inhibit the SERT or NET. Fentanyl interacted with 5-HT; 1A; receptors and methadone, pethidine and fentanyl with 5-HT; 2A; receptors, in the low micromolar range. Opioids most frequently associated with the serotonin syndrome are tramadol, fentanyl, tapentadol, oxycodone, methadone and dextromethorphan.; Some synthetic opioids interact with the SERT and NET at potentially clinically relevant concentrations. SERT inhibition by tramadol, tapentadol, methadone, dextromethorphan and pethidine may contribute to the serotonin syndrome. Direct effects on 5-HT; 1A; and/or 5-HT; 2A; receptors could be involved with methadone and pethidine

Influence of High Magnetic Field-Thermal Coupling Processing on Diffusion Bonding Properties and Element Diffusion of 1420 Al-Li Alloy

The high uniform magnetic field combined with pre-deformation and vacuum heat treatment processing is designed for improving the diffusion bonding properties of the 1420 Al-Li alloy. Serial magneto-thermal coupling treatment experiments of 1420 Al-Li alloy and the pure aluminium diffusion couple, together with the gallium interlayer, is carried out in a superconducting high magnetic field device. Various parameter combinations are used to produce different samples on which interface organization and connection performance are studied. Electron microscopic analysis reveals various interface topographies and fracture morphologies after shear strength tests. Influence of diffusion bonding temperature on element diffusion under a high uniform magnetic field is investigated. The diffusion activation energy of Mg element in pure aluminum under a 12 T magnetic field is calculated in this paper. It is found that the bonding quality and bonding performance of the interface are improved greatly after heat treatment with a strong magnetic field, and the bonding temperature is an important factor affecting the interface bonding and bonding strength. The diffusion coefficient of the Mg element in the 1420 Al-Li alloy to L2 pure aluminum increases with the increase of diffusion bonding temperature. Reducing the activation energy of elemental diffusion is beneficial to atomic diffusion

Biodegradation of Crystalline and Nonaqueous Phase Liquid-Dissolved ATRAZINE by <i>Arthrobacter</i> sp. ST11 with Cd²⁺ Resistance

A newly isolated cadmium (Cd)-resistant bacterial strain from herbicides-polluted soil in China could use atrazine as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source for growth in a mineral salt medium (MSM). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and physiochemical tests, the bacterium was identified as Arthrobacter sp. and named ST11. The biodegradation of atrazine by ST11 was investigated in experiments, with the compound present either as crystals or dissolved in di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL). After 48 h, ST11 consumed 68% of the crystalline atrazine in MSM. After being dissolved in DEHP, the degradation ratio of atrazine was reduced to 55% under the same conditions. Obviously, the NAPL-dissolved atrazine has lower bioavailability than the crystalline atrazine. Cd2+ at concentrations of 0.05–1.5 mmol/L either had no effect (2+ promoted ST11 to degrade atrazine, whether crystalline or dissolved in DEHP. Refusal to adsorb Cd2+ may be the main mechanism of high Cd resistance in ST11 cells. These results may provide valuable insights for the microbial treatment of arable soil co-polluted by atrazine and Cd

Table1_Association analysis of polymorphisms in SLK, ARHGEF9, WWC2, GAB3, and FSHR genes with reproductive traits in different sheep breeds.XLSX

The aim was to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of gene mutation loci and reproductive traits in local sheep breeds (Duolang Sheep) and introduced sheep breeds (Suffolk, Hu Sheep) in Xinjiang to provide new molecular markers for the selection and breeding of high fecundity sheep. The expression pattern of typing successful genes in sheep tissues was investigated by RT-qPCR technology, providing primary data for subsequent verification of gene function. The 26 mutation loci of WWC2, ARHGEF9, SLK, GAB3, and FSHR genes were typed using KASP. Association analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0, and the typing results showed that five genes with six loci, WWC2 (g.14962207 C>T), ARHGEF9 (g.48271079 C>A), SLK (g.27107842 T>C, g.27108855 G>A), GAB3 (g.86134602 G>A), and FSHR (g.80789180 T>G) were successfully typed. The results of the association analyses showed that WWC2 (g.14962207 C>T), SLK (g.27108855 G>A), ARHGEF9 (g.48271079 C>A), and FSHR (g.80789180 T>G) caused significant or extremely significant effects on the litter size in Duolang, Suffolk and Hu Sheep populations. The expression distribution pattern of the five genes in 12 sheep reproduction-related tissues was examined by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the expression of the SLK gene in the uterus, the FSHR gene in the ovary, and the ARHGEF9 gene in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis-related tissues were significantly higher than in the tissues of other parts of the sheep. WWC2 and GAB3 genes were highly expressed both in reproductive organs and visceral tissues. In summary, the WWC2 (g.14962207 C>T), SLK (g.27108855 G>A), ARHGEF9 (g.48271079 C>A), and FSHR (g.80789180 T>G) loci can be used as potential molecular markers for detecting differences in reproductive performance in sheep. Due to variations in typing results, the SLK (g.27107842 T>C) and GAB3 (g.86134602 G>A) loci need further validation.</p