THE USE OF METAPHORICAL MEANING IN SPORT NEWS HEADLINES

Dalam penulisan sebuah berita olahraga, wartawan sering menggunakan bahasa kiasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengklasifikasikan dan mendeskripsikan makna metafora yang digunakan dalam judul berita olahraga di harian surat kabar Jawa Pos. Metafora adalah gaya bahasa yang membandingkan dua hal yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, karena mendeskripsikan makna metafora yang terdapat dalam judul berita olahraga. Dengan menggunakan purposive sampling, penulis memilih sepuluh judul berita olahraga yang mengandung metafora konseptual; menurut Lakoff dan Johnson (1980), metafora konseptual adalah metafora yang merefleksikan apa yang kita alami, kita rasakan, dan kita pikirkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dari hasil analisis, saya menemukan jenis metafora konseptual, berupa metafora struktural, orientasional, dan ontologikal. Jenis metafora konseptual yang banyak digunakan oleh wartawan adalah metafora orientasional. Gaya bahasa, khususnya metafora, banyak digunakan oleh wartawan untuk membuat judul berita olahraga menjadi lebih menarik

Isiku paigutamine kinnisesse asutusse psühhiaatrilise ravi eesmärgil

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2655506~S1*es

CEM03.03 and LAQGSM03.03 Event Generators for the MCNP6, MCNPX, and MARS15 Transport Codes

A description of the IntraNuclear Cascade (INC), preequilibrium, evaporation, fission, coalescence, and Fermi breakup models used by the latest versions of our CEM03.03 and LAQGSM03.03 event generators is presented, with a focus on our most recent developments of these models. The recently developed "S" and "G" versions of our codes, that consider multifragmentation of nuclei formed after the preequilibrium stage of reactions when their excitation energy is above 2A MeV using the Statistical Multifragmentation Model (SMM) code by Botvina et al. ("S" stands for SMM) and the fission-like binary-decay model GEMINI by Charity ("G" stands for GEMINI), respectively, are briefly described as well. Examples of benchmarking our models against a large variety of experimental data on particle-particle, particle-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus reactions are presented. Open questions on reaction mechanisms and future necessary work are outlined.Comment: 94 pages, 51 figures, 5 tables, invited lectures presented at the Joint ICTP-IAEA Advanced Workshop on Model Codes for Spallation Reactions, February 4-8, 2008, ICTP, Trieste, Italy; corrected typos and reference

Measurement of aluminum activation cross section and gas production cross section for 0.4 and 3-GeV protons

To estimate the lifetime and the radiation dose of the proton beam window used in the spallation neutron source at J-PARC, it is necessary to understand the accuracy of the production cross section of 3-GeV protons. To obtain data on aluminum, the reaction cross section of aluminum was measured at the entrance of the beam dump placed in the 3-GeV proton synchrotron. Owing to the use of well-calibrated current transformers and a well-collimated beam, the present data has good accuracy. After irradiation, the cross sections of Al(p,x)7Be, Al(p,x)22Na-22 and Al(p,x)24Na were obtained by gamma-ray spectroscopy using a Ge detector. It was found that the evaluated data of JENDL/HE-2007 agree well with the current experimental data, whereas intra-nuclear cascade models (Bertini, INCL-4.6, and JAM) with the GEM statistical decay model underestimate by about 30% in general. Moreover, gas production, such as T and He, and the cross sections were measured for carbon, which was utilized as the muon production target in J-PARC. The experiment was performed with 3-GeV proton having beam power of 0.5 MW, and the gasses emitted in the process were observed using a quadrupole mass spectrometer in the vacuum line for beam transport to the mercury target. It was found that the JENDL/HE-2007 data agree well with the present experimental data

Spallation Neutron Production by 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 GeV Protons on various Targets

Spallation neutron production in proton induced reactions on Al, Fe, Zr, W, Pb and Th targets at 1.2 GeV and on Fe and Pb at 0.8, and 1.6 GeV measured at the SATURNE accelerator in Saclay is reported. The experimental double-differential cross-sections are compared with calculations performed with different intra-nuclear cascade models implemented in high energy transport codes. The broad angular coverage also allowed the determination of average neutron multiplicities above 2 MeV. Deficiencies in some of the models commonly used for applications are pointed out.Comment: 20 pages, 32 figures, revised version, accepted fpr publication in Phys. Rev.