Bewusster Umgang mit Maschinen schont Klima und Portemonnaie

Klimagasemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft sind ein Dauerbrenner in der Klimaschutzdiskussion. Umweltbewusste Bäuerinnen und Bauern fahren auf eine treibstoffsparende Weise mit Fahrzeugen, die einen niedrigen Kraftstoffverbrauch aufweisen, und nutzen Maschinen möglichst lange

Reengineering Undergraduate Teaching by Introducing Internet Based Learning Information Systems

This paper illustrates how internet-based learning information systems can be used to reengineer undergraduate teaching in the age of mass higher education. We describe current problems of undergraduate teaching by using an example of an introductory course in information technology at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration. We argue that an internet-based learning information system supports specialisation, quality assurance and knowledge management. This paper also shows how internet-based learning information systems in combination with a re-organised teaching process leads to a more effective organisation. Obstacles to reengineering undergraduate teaching resulting from the legal framework are examined

Trans laws and constitutional rulings in Belgium : the ambiguous relations between sex and gender

In this article we reflect upon the evolution from the Belgian trans law of 2007 to those of 2017 and beyond, giving adult citizens the possibility to have their self-determined gender legally recognised. The 2019 ruling of the Belgian Constitutional Court, condemning the Belgian State for being discriminatory against gender fluid and gender non-binary persons regarding their legal gender recognition, requires the Belgian government to either add a third legal option or to abolish gender registration altogether. We analyse the definitions of sex and gender that underlie the two trans laws of 2007 and 2017 and the Constitutional Court ruling of 2019 and then confront them with the experiences of trans people based on a national transgender survey (Motmans, Wyverkens, & Defreyne, 2017). The confrontation between legal texts and lived experiences clearly shows the promises and pitfalls states face when striving for gender recognition procedures

Policymaking and Gender

Depto. de Ciencia Política y de la AdministraciónFac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEpu

The feminisation of Belgian local politics

This article investigates the feminisation of local politics. Starting from the obser‐vation that the representation of women in local electoral politics lags behind theregional and federal level, and taking into account the relevance of local partybranches in the recruitment and selection of candidates for elections, we examinethe extent to which there is an ‘internal’ feminisation of local party branches andhow this links to the ‘external’ feminisation of local electoral politics. Based on sur‐veys among local party chairs, the article maps patterns of feminisation over timeand across parties, investigates problems local branches encounter in the recruit‐ment of candidates for local elections, and analyses the (attitudes towards the)measures taken to further the integration of women in local electoral politics. Weconclude that internal and external feminisation do not always go hand in handand that local politics continues to be a male-dominated political biotope

Lay epidemiology and the interpretation of low-risk drinking guidelines by adults in the United Kingdom

Aims To explore how the concept of lay epidemiology can enhance understandings of how drinkers make sense of current UK drinking guidelines. Methods Qualitative study using 12 focus groups in four sites in northern England and four sites in central Scotland. Participants were 66 male and female drinkers, aged between 19 and 65 years, of different socio-economic backgrounds. Data were analysed thematically using a conceptual framework of lay epidemiology. Results Current drinking guidelines were perceived as having little relevance to participants' drinking behaviours and were generally disregarded. Daily guidelines were seen as irrelevant by drinkers whose drinking patterns comprised heavy weekend drinking. The amounts given in the guidelines were seen as unrealistic for those motivated to drink for intoxication, and participants measured alcohol intake in numbers of drinks or containers rather than units. Participants reported moderating their drinking, but this was out of a desire to fulfil work and family responsibilities, rather than concerns for their own health. The current Australian and Canadian guidelines were preferred to UK guidelines, as they were seen to address many of the above problems. Conclusions Drinking guidelines derived from, and framed within, solely epidemiological paradigms lack relevance for adult drinkers who monitor and moderate their alcohol intake according to their own knowledge and risk perceptions derived primarily from experience. Insights from lay epidemiology into how drinkers regulate and monitor their drinking should be used in the construction of drinking guidelines to enhance their credibility and efficacy

Detoxification in rehabilitation in England: effective continuity of care or unhappy bedfellows?

There is evidence that residential detoxification alone does not provide satisfactory treatment outcomes and that outcomes are significantly enhanced when clients completing residential detoxification attend rehabilitation services (Gossop, Marsden, Stewart, & Rolfe, 1999; Ghodse, Reynolds, Baldacchino, et al., 2002). One way of increasing the likelihood of this continuity of treatment is by providing detoxification and rehabilitation within the same treatment facility to prevent drop-out, while the client awaits a rehabilitation bed or in the transition process. However, there is little research evidence available on the facilities that offer both medical detoxification and residential rehabilitation. The current study compares self-reported treatment provision in 87 residential rehabilitation services in England, 34 of whom (39.1%) reported that they offered detoxification services within their treatment programmes. Although there were no differences in self-reported treatment philosophies, residential rehabilitation services that offered detoxification were typically of shorter duration overall, had significantly more beds and reported offering more group work than residential rehabilitation services that did not offer detoxification. Outcomes were also different, with twice as many clients discharged on disciplinary grounds from residential rehabilitation services without detoxification facilities. The paper questions the UK classification of residential drug treatment services as either detoxification or rehabilitation and suggests the need for greater research focus on the aims, processes and outcomes of this group of treatment providers