Verwandtschaften, Wahlverwandtschaften und andere Beziehungskisten: Deutschdidaktik als transdisziplinäres Fach

Deutschdidaktische Forschung hat sich seit dem PISA-Schock Anfang des Jahrtausends wesentlich verändert. Während traditionell ein starker Bezug zu den germanistischen Fachwissenschaften besteht, kann deutschdidaktische Forschung der letzten Jahre als domänenspezifische Bildungswissenschaft mit zahlreichen Bezügen zu unterschiedlichen Disziplinen charakterisiert werden, wobei die Rückbindung an die Germanistik gerade für den bildungswissenschaftlichen Diskurs von entscheidender Bedeutung ist

Strukturelle und kriteriale Validität der literarästhetischen Urteilskompetenz. Projekt literarästhetische Urteilskompetenz

Die kompetenztheoretische Modellierung und empirische Validierung literarästhetischer Lehr-Lern-Prozesse gehört zu den schwierigsten und dringlichsten Aufgaben sprachbezogener Bildungsforschung. Die Schwierigkeit erklärt sich aus der besonderen Beschaffenheit des zu erfassenden Gegenstandes. Denn künstlerische Texte sind prinzipiell durch Polyvalenz bzw. Mehrdeutigkeit gekennzeichnet. … Die Dringlichkeit ergibt sich zum einen daraus, dass es einer theoretisch anschlussfähigen und empirisch tragfähigen Modellierung literarästhetischer Kompetenz bedarf, um Bildungsstandards, Lernstandserhebungen und die kompetenzorientierte Erforschung von Lehr-Lernprozessen im Hinblick auf literarästhetisches Verstehen auf ein wissenschaftlich solides Fundament zu stellen. … In diesem Beitrag wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich ein dreidimensionales Modell der literarästhetischen Urteilskompetenz (LUK), für das literaturtheoretisch gute Grunde sprechen, empirisch bestätigen lasst oder ob sich ein theoretisch ebenfalls plausibles zweidimensionales LUK-Modell angesichts der ermittelten Daten als Überlegen erweist. Weiterhin wurde der Versuch unternommen, LUK gegen allgemeine Lesekompetenz abzugrenzen. (DIPF/Orig.

DETERMINANTES E CONDICIONANTES PARA A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA CONSULTA DE ENFERMAGEM

Se trata de una investigación descriptiva de abordaje cualitativo desarrollada en el período de 2005 y 2006, quetuvo el objetivo de identificar los determinantes y condicionantes para la implementación de la consulta de enfermería apartir de las discusiones de un grupo focal en la perspectiva de la tecnología. La utilización del Grupo Focal como técnicapara recoger datos y el referencial de la evaluación en salud subsidiaron la investigación. Fueron realizados cuatroencuentros grupales con 13 enfermeros de distintas clínicas de un Hospital Universitario de Curitiba/PR. Los resultadosapuntaron determinantes y condicionantes relacionados a las dimensiones estructura, proceso y resultados para laimplementación de la consulta de enfermería, tales como: estructura física inadecuada, escasez de recursos humanos,formación inadecuada, indisponibilidad de tiempo, capacidad resolutiva, optimización del servicio, disponibilidad, entreotros. La consulta de enfermería puede ser una tecnología valiosa para el desarrollo de la autonomía del enfermero yproporciona reconocimiento profesional, lo que demanda una evaluación constante.This concerns a descriptive research developed in the period of 2005 and 2006 with a qualitative approach,which has the purpose to identify the determiners and conditionals for the implementation of nursing consultationdeveloped from discussions of a focal group on technological perspectives. The use of the Focal Group as a technique ofcollecting data and health evaluation background subsidized the research. Four group meetings were held along withnurses from several clinics of a university hospital in Curitiba./PR. The results pointed determiners and conditionalsrelated to dimensions of structure, process, and results for the implementation of a nursing consultation such as: inadequatephysical structure, lack of human resources, inadequate undergraduate education, time unavailability, service optimization,among others. Nursing consultation can be a valuable technology for the development of autonomy of a nurse and itfosters professional recognition, demanding constant evaluation by the nurse.Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida no período de 2005 e 2006, cujoobjetivo foi identificar os determinantes e condicionantes para a implementação da consulta de enfermagem a partir dasdiscussões de um grupo focal na perspectiva tecnológica. A utilização do Grupo Focal como técnica de coleta de dados eo referencial da avaliação em saúde subsidiaram a pesquisa. Foram realizadas quatro sessões grupais junto 13 enfermeirosde diversas clínicas de um Hospital Universitário de Curitiba/PR. Os resultados apontaram determinantes e condicionantesrelacionados às dimensões estrutura, processo e resultados para a implementação da consulta de enfermagem, tais como:estrutura física inadequada, escassez de recursos humanos, formação inadequada, indisponibilidade de tempo,resolutividade, otimização do serviço, disponibilidade, entre outros. A consulta de enfermagem pode ser uma tecnologiavaliosa para o desenvolvimento da autonomia do enfermeiro e proporciona reconhecimento profissional, o que demandasua constante avaliação

Effects of dignity therapy on psychological distress and wellbeing of palliative care patients and family caregivers – a randomized controlled study

Background This study extended the original Dignity Therapy (DT) intervention by including partners and family caregivers (FCs) of terminally-ill cancer patients with the overall aim of evaluating whether DT can mitigate distress in both patients nearing the end of life and their FCs. Methods In this multicenter, randomized controlled trial (RCT), a total of 68 patients with life expectancy < 6 months and clinically-relevant stress levels (Hospital Anxiety Depression total score; HADS$_{tot}$ ≥ 8) including their FCs were randomly assigned to DT, DT + (including their FCs), or standard palliative care (SPC) in a 1:1:1 ratio. Study participants were asked to complete a set of questionnaires pre- and post-intervention. Results The coalesced group (DT and DT +) revealed a significant increase in patients’ perceived quality of life (FACIT-Pal-14) following the intervention (mean difference 6.15, SD = 1.86, p < 0.01). We found a statistically significant group-by-time interaction effect: while the HADS$_{tot}$ of patients in the intervention group remained stable over the pre-post period, the control group’s HADS$_{tot}$ increased (F = 4.33, df = 1, 82.9; p < 0.05), indicating a protective effect of DT. Most patients and their FCs found DT useful and would recommend it to other individuals in their situation. Conclusions The DT intervention has been well-received and shows the potential to increase HRQoL and prevent further mental health deterioration, illness burden and suffering in terminally-ill patients. The DT intervention holds the potential to serve as a valuable tool for facilitating end-of-life conversations among terminally-ill patients and their FCs. However, the implementation of DT within the framework of a RCT in a palliative care setting poses significant challenges. We suggest a slightly modified and less resource-intensive version of DT that is to provide the DT inventory to FCs of terminally-ill patients, empowering them to ask the questions that matter most to them over their loved one’s final days. Trial registration This study was registered with Clinical Trial Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov -Protocol Record NCT02646527; date of registration: 04/01/2016). The CONSORT 2010 guidelines were used for properly reporting how the randomized trial was conducted

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment

Expanding the clinical spectrum of hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma with tendon contractures, myopathy and pulmonary fibrosis due to <i>FAM111B </i>mutations

BACKGROUND: Hereditary Fibrosing Poikiloderma (HFP) with tendon contractures, myopathy and pulmonary fibrosis (POIKTMP [MIM 615704]) is a very recently described entity of syndromic inherited poikiloderma. Previously by using whole exome sequencing in five families, we identified the causative gene, FAM111B (NM_198947.3), the function of which is still unknown. Our objective in this study was to better define the specific features of POIKTMP through a larger series of patients. METHODS: Clinical and molecular data of two families and eight independent sporadic cases, including six new cases, were collected. RESULTS: Key features consist of: (i) early-onset poikiloderma, hypotrichosis and hypohidrosis; (ii) multiple contractures, in particular triceps surae muscle contractures; (iii) diffuse progressive muscular weakness; (iv) pulmonary fibrosis in adulthood and (v) other features including exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, liver impairment and growth retardation. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging was informative and showed muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration. Histological examination of skeletal muscle revealed extensive fibroadipose tissue infiltration. Microscopy of the skin showed a scleroderma-like aspect with fibrosis and alterations of the elastic network. FAM111B gene analysis identified five different missense variants (two recurrent mutations were found respectively in three and four independent families). All the mutations were predicted to localize in the trypsin-like cysteine/serine peptidase domain of the protein. We suggest gain-of-function or dominant-negative mutations resulting in FAM111B enzymatic activity changes. CONCLUSIONS: HFP with tendon contractures, myopathy and pulmonary fibrosis, is a multisystemic disorder due to autosomal dominant FAM111B mutations. Future functional studies will help in understanding the specific pathological process of this fibrosing disorder