First Report of Orchid Fleck Virus in Lilyturf (Liriope spicata) in Australia

Liriope spicata (Asparagaceae) is an evergreen ornamental plant commonly referred to as lilyturf, creeping liriope, monkey grass, or creeping lilyturf, and is widely grown as groundcover and for erosion control (Fantz 2008). In April 2015, lilyturf plants with bright yellow flecks on the leaves were observed in landscape plantings across the St. Lucia campus of the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. These symptoms were reminiscent of those observed on leaves of orchid species infected by Orchid fleck virus (OFV) (Kubo et al. 2009). Symptomatic leaf samples were collected and analyzed in a JEM-1400 transmission electron microscope (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Leaf dips were prepared by breaking up symptomatic tissue in 1% ammonium molybdate, pH 7.0 negative stain and extracts were placed on nitrocellulose-coated copper grids. Digital micrographs were captured with an Orius digital camera (Gatan Inc., Pleasanton, CA). Typical nonenveloped, rhabdovirus-like, bacilliform particles measuring ∼45 × 95 nm were observed, similar to those of OFV from infected orchids (Kondo et al. 2006). Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic tissue using an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen) and subjected to RT-PCR using the Superscript III One Step RT-PCR System with Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase (Thermo Fisher) and OFV nucleoprotein (N) gene primers polydT/SP6 (5′-GATTTAGGTGACACTATAGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT(A/G/C)-3′) and mN2 (5′-TGCAGGAATATAGCCGACATGTT-3′) (Blanchfield et al. 2001). Agarose gel electrophoresis showed a single amplicon of ∼800 bp, comparable to the OFV positive control. DNA from both the lilyturf (DAF Plant Virus Collection Accession No. 5216) and a cymbidium OFV control (Accession No. 703) amplicons were gel-purified and cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and sequenced using dideoxynucleotide sequencing at the Australian Genome Research Facility (Brisbane, Australia). A GenBank BLASTx search of the lilyturf virus N gene sequence of 658 nt showed 100% match to the N protein sequence of an Australian OFV isolate (Genbank Accession No. AAK09392 and e-value 1e-143). The partial N gene nucleotide sequence of the lilyturf OFV isolate #5216 was 99% identical to the cymbidium OFV isolate. Both sequences have been deposited in GenBank with Accession Nos. KT947974 and KT947975, respectively. Based on the observed symptoms, particle morphology, N gene amplicon using OFV primers, and high sequence identity with other OFV sequences, we conclude that the lilyturf plants were infected with OFV. This is the first report of OFV infecting L. spicata. This alternative host may play a possible role in OFV spread to orchids or other ornamental species that are colonized by its Brevipalpus sp. mite vector

High Expression of POGK Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective: Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) proteins reportedly play a dual role in neoplastic transformation. At present, little is known about the function of the proteins encoded by the human pogo transposable element derived with KRAB domain (POGK) gene. Herein, we evaluated the prognostic significance of POGK expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The data of HCC patients was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. To determine the relationship between POGK and clinical features, logistic regression was applied. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between POGK and survival rates. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were conducted to identify the enriched pathways and functions associated with POGK. Results: A total of 374 HCC patients were identified in TCGA. POGK was significantly upregulated in HCC and correlated with tumor status (p = 0.036), race (p = 0.025), weight (p = 0.002), body mass index (p = 0.033), histologic grade (p p p = 0.0018), progression-free survival (p = 0.0087), relapse-free survival (p = 0.045), and disease-specific survival (p = 0.014), according to Kaplan-Meier analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of POGK expression for HCC diagnosis was 0.891. GSEA showed that high POGK expression might activate mitotic prometaphase, kinesins, homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange, MET activates PTK2 signaling pathway, G1 to S cell cycle control, Aurora B pathway, ncRNAs involved in WNT signaling pathway, hepatitis C, and ncRNAs involved in the STAT3 signaling pathway. POGK expression correlated with the abundance of adaptive and innate immunocytes in HCC. Conclusion: High expression of POGK has high diagnostic and prognostic values in patients with HCC. Moreover, POGK expression is correlated with immune infiltration in HCC

A novel nomogram based on routine clinical indicators for screening for Wilson's disease

Background and aims: There is currently no single model for predicting Wilson's disease (WD). We aimed to create a nomogram using daily clinical parameters to improve the accuracy of WD diagnosis in patients with abnormal liver function. Methods: Between July 2016 and December 2020, we identified 90 WD patients with abnormal liver function who had homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the ATP7B gene. The control group included 128 patients with similar liver function but no WD during the same time period. To create a nomogram, we screened potential predictive variables using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model and multivariate logistic regression. Results: We developed a nomogram for screening for WD based on six predictive factors: serum copper, direct bilirubin, uric acid, cholinesterase, prealbumin, and reticulocyte percentage. In the training cohort, the area under curve (AUC) of the nomogram reached 0.967 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.946–0.988), while the area under the precision-recall curve was 0.961. Based on the optimal cutpoint of 213.55, our nomogram performed well, with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 87%. In the validation cohort, the AUC of the nomogram was as high as 0.991 (95% CI 0.970–1.000). Conclusions: We developed a nomogram that can predict the risk of WD prior to the detection of serum ceruloplasmin or urinary copper, greatly increasing screening efficiency for patients with abnormal liver function

Joá yellow blotch-associated virus, a new alphanucleorhabdovirus from a wild solanaceous plant in Brazil

We identified a novel plant rhabdovirus infecting native joá (Solanum aculeatissimum) plants in Brazil. Infected plants showed yellow blotches on the leaves, and typical enveloped bacilliform rhabdovirus particles associated with the nucleus were seen in thin sections by electron microscopy. The virus could be graft-transmitted to healthy joá and tomato plants but was not mechanically transmissible. RT-PCR using degenerate plant rhabdovirus L gene primers yielded an amplicon from extracted total RNA, the sequence of which was similar to those of alphanucleorhabdoviruses. Based on close sequence matches, especially with the type member potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV), we adopted a degenerate-primer-walking strategy towards both genome ends. The complete genome of joá yellow blotch-associated virus (JYBaV) is comprised of 12,965 nucleotides, is less than 75% identical to that of its closest relative PYDV, and clusters with PYDV and other alphanucleorhabdoviruses in L protein phylogenetic trees, suggesting that it should be taxonomically classified in a new species in the genus Alphanucleorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. The genome organization of JYBaV is typical of the ?PYDV-like? subgroup of alphanucleorhabdoviruses, with seven genes (N-X-P-Y-M-G-L) separated by conserved intergenic regions and flanked by partly complementary 3´ leader and 5´ trailer regions.Fil: Dietzgen, Ralf G.. The University of Queensland; AustraliaFil: Bejerman, Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Mei, Yongyu. The University of Queensland; AustraliaFil: Jee, Charmaine Lim Jing. The University of Queensland; AustraliaFil: Chabi-Jesus, Camila. Instituto Biologico Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Freitas-Astúa, Juliana. Instituto Biologico Sao Paulo; Brasil. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; BrasilFil: Veras, Solange M.. Universidad Federal del Amazonas.; BrasilFil: Kitajima, Elliot W.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

24 versus 48 Weeks of Peginterferon Plus Ribavirin in Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 6 Chronically Infected Patients with a Rapid Virological Response: A Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>The optimal treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 6 is unclear owing to its limited geographic distribution. Because of a high predictive value of rapid virological response (RVR) for sustained virological response (SVR), we conducted an open-label randomized controlled trial to compare 24- and 48-week peginterferon/ribavirin combination therapy for patients with HCV genotype 6 in Southern China who achieved an RVR.</p><p>Methods and Findings</p><p>Treatment-naive, non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 6 were treated with pegylated interferon α-2a (180 μg/week) and ribavirin (800–1,200 mg, according to weight) for 4 weeks. Patients who achieved an RVR, which was defined as HCV RNA negativity at week 4 (<50 IU), were randomized to receive either an additional 20 or 44 weeks of treatment (24- and 48-week treatment groups, respectively). The primary outcome measure was SVR. From January 2011 to June 2014, 152(152/210, 72.4%) patients with HCV genotype 6a and RVR were randomized 1:1 to the 24- or 48-week treatment group. The SVR rates in the 24- and 48-week groups in the intention-to-treat analysis were 90.8% (69/76) and 88.2% (67/76), respectively; those in the per-protocol analysis were 95.7% (67/70) and 97.0% (64/66), respectively. More patients in the 48-week group had anemia (46.1% vs. 28.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.03), but other adverse events were comparable between the groups. The limitation of the present study was that only patients from Southern China were enrolled which may inhibit the extensive application of the findings.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Twenty-four weeks of peginterferon/ribavirin combination therapy was non-inferior to 48 weeks in patients with HCV genotype 6a in Southern China who achieved an RVR.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01263860" target="_blank">NCT01263860</a></p></div

Treatment adherence and primary endpoint analysis at the end of the follow-up.

<p>Abbreviations: PP, per protocol; SVR, sustained virological response</p><p>^a SVR rate in the per-protocol analysis</p><p>Treatment adherence and primary endpoint analysis at the end of the follow-up.</p

Baseline patient characteristics (<i>n</i> = 152).

<p>Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; UNL, upper limit of normal; BMI, body mass index; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IL, interleukin</p><p>^a Surgery, intravenous injection, dentist visit, hemodialysis, tattooing, cosmetology, occupational exposure, or intercourse with an HCV-infected person</p><p>^b The patient did not recall any specific exposure risk.</p><p>^c Patients were attributed into two groups according to ALT lower and not lower than 3 times of upper limit of normal.</p><p>^d No patient had the IL-28B rs12979860 TT genotype.</p><p>Baseline patient characteristics (<i>n</i> = 152).</p

CONSORT flow diagram.

<p>Abbreviations: HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; RVR, rapid virological response.</p