Developing a model and a language to identify and specify the integrity constraints in spatial datacubes

La qualité des données dans les cubes de données spatiales est importante étant donné que ces données sont utilisées comme base pour la prise de décision dans les grandes organisations. En effet, une mauvaise qualité de données dans ces cubes pourrait nous conduire à une mauvaise prise de décision. Les contraintes d'intégrité jouent un rôle clé pour améliorer la cohérence logique de toute base de données, l'un des principaux éléments de la qualité des données. Différents modèles de cubes de données spatiales ont été proposés ces dernières années mais aucun n'inclut explicitement les contraintes d'intégrité. En conséquence, les contraintes d'intégrité de cubes de données spatiales sont traitées de façon non-systématique, pragmatique, ce qui rend inefficace le processus de vérification de la cohérence des données dans les cubes de données spatiales. Cette thèse fournit un cadre théorique pour identifier les contraintes d'intégrité dans les cubes de données spatiales ainsi qu'un langage formel pour les spécifier. Pour ce faire, nous avons d'abord proposé un modèle formel pour les cubes de données spatiales qui en décrit les différentes composantes. En nous basant sur ce modèle, nous avons ensuite identifié et catégorisé les différents types de contraintes d'intégrité dans les cubes de données spatiales. En outre, puisque les cubes de données spatiales contiennent typiquement à la fois des données spatiales et temporelles, nous avons proposé une classification des contraintes d'intégrité des bases de données traitant de l'espace et du temps. Ensuite, nous avons présenté un langage formel pour spécifier les contraintes d'intégrité des cubes de données spatiales. Ce langage est basé sur un langage naturel contrôlé et hybride avec des pictogrammes. Plusieurs exemples de contraintes d'intégrité des cubes de données spatiales sont définis en utilisant ce langage. Les designers de cubes de données spatiales (analystes) peuvent utiliser le cadre proposé pour identifier les contraintes d'intégrité et les spécifier au stade de la conception des cubes de données spatiales. D'autre part, le langage formel proposé pour spécifier des contraintes d'intégrité est proche de la façon dont les utilisateurs finaux expriment leurs contraintes d'intégrité. Par conséquent, en utilisant ce langage, les utilisateurs finaux peuvent vérifier et valider les contraintes d'intégrité définies par l'analyste au stade de la conception

a cross-sectional study

Background The purpose of this study is to assess attitudes toward premarital dating and sexual encounters in individuals aged 15–49 years in Tehran. Methods Utilizing the attitudes section of an original cross-sectional study (n = 755) aimed at assessing sexual health needs of adults, this paper examined personal attitudes towards premarital dating, non-sexual relationships and sexual encounters in both male and female adults aged between 15–49 years. Multi-stage cluster random sampling and a validated/reliable questionnaire were used. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using statistical software. Results The results indicated that the majority of the participants were supportive of dating. Almost three-fourths of the males were more positively inclined towards non-sexual, yet tactile, affectionate interactions between unmarried males and females as opposed to only half of the females (70 % vs. 50.5 %). Also, males held significantly more liberal attitudes than females in their acceptance of premarital sex. On preserving virginity prior to marriage, 43 % of the males felt that it was important for a female to be a virgin, whereas only 26 % felt it was important for males to remain a virgin. Interestingly, more females (61 %) supported the importance of a female’s virginity compared with the importance of males’ virginity (48 %). This study showed that, being a male, of a younger age, single, and being less religious or being secular were important determinants of a liberal sexual attitude. Conclusion These results might reflect a socio-cultural transition in the sexual attitudes of different age groups of participants - a phenomenon that will need empirical studies to unpack in the Iranian socio-cultural context

Host preference and nutrition efficiency of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lymantriidae: Lepidoptera), on different poplar clones

Poplar is a tree species with a considerable growth rate and the ability to produce high yield in a short period of time, and is one of the main sources of wood in Iran. Considering its importance, the identification of poplar pests could have a significant effect on improving production and forest management. The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lymantriidae: Lepidoptera), is an important pest of forest trees in Guilan province, northern Iran. Therefore, host preference of this pest on the clones of Populus deltoids Bartram ex Marsh., P. euramericana (Dode), and P. caspica (Bornm.) was analyzed. The host preference of the pest was analyzed by olfactometric analysis, and the multiple choice method was also utilized to determine the rate of feeding and its effect on different clones. Some nutritional indices of 4(th) instar larvae, such as consumption rate (CR), frass production rate (FR), approximate digestibility of food (AD), growth rate (OR), and efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food (ECI and ECD) were measured on these clones. The data obtained demonstrate that 4th instar larvae had the greatest host preference for P. e. triple (P > 0.5). Additionally, the lowest level of larval preference was for P. caspica and P. d. 72/51 clones, as the highest feeding level was observed on P. e. triple. The results show that the local species P. caspica not only has low palatability for this pest, but also due to an interruption in larval food intake, low larval biological performance

CT-measured pulmonary artery diameter as an independent predictor of pulmonary hypertension in cystic fibrosis

Purpose: The role of computed tomography (CT) scan, as a promising prognostic imaging modality in cystic fibrosis(CF), has been widely investigated, focusing on parenchymal abnormalities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of thoracic vascular parameters on CT to detect pulmonary hypertension (PH). Material and methods: CF patients who contemporaneously underwent CT and echocardiography were retrospectively enrolled. Baseline characteristics in addition to pulmonary artery diameter (PAD) and pulmonary to aortic (PA/A) ratio were compared between cohorts with and without PH, based on the results of echocardiography separately in paediatric patients (< 18) and adults (≥ 18). Results: Of a total 119 CF patients, 39 (32.8%) had PH (paediatric: 23/78, 29.5%, adult: 16/41, 39%). In paediatric CF patients, mean age, HCo3, PCo2, and pulmonary artery diameter (PAD) were significantly higher in the PH group compared to the non-PH group. Mean pulmo however, only PAD remained as the independent predictor of PH based on multivariate analysis (overall: 22.86 mm [±3.86] vs. 18.43 mm [±4.72], p = 0.005, paediatric patients: 22.63 mm [±4.4] vs. 17.10 mm [±4.64], p = 0.03). Using a cut off of 19.25 mm, the diagnostic performance of PAD to detect PH was found to be as follows: sensitivity = 82%, specificity = 70%, and accuracy = 73.1%. No significant difference was demonstrated in PAD between PH and non-PH groups in adults with CF (23.19 [±3.60] vs. 21.34 [±3.49], p = 0.7). Conclusions: In CF patients, PAD revealed an age-dependent performance to detect PH. PAD can be applied to predict pulmonary hypertension in paediatric CF patients and may be recommended to be routinely measured on follow-up chest CT scan in childhood CF

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ONLINE ENVIRONMENTS AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION (IRAN COMPUTER HARDWARE INDUSTRY)

In this quantitative article research first, the main factors in customer satisfaction in online environment of Iran in hardware industry with process based-view are identified. Secondly relationships between identified factors in online environment of Iran and customer satisfaction are investigatedOnline Environment, Customer satisfaction, and Process Based-View

Novel Single Base Pair Deletion in ATM Cause Ataxia Telangiectasia in an Iranian Proband

Ataxia-telangiectasia is a rare disorder with neurological manifestations and caused by mutations in ATM gene. This gene produce a serine/threonine protein kinase, an activator of the DNA damage response in the face of DNA DSBs, which phosphorylates downstream substrates integrating with DNA repair procedure. Most ATM mutations are private mutations and, there is no mutational hotspots in the ATM gene. We unveiled a new mutation in this gene in an 8 years old A-T patient. This mutation led to fundamental alterations in ATM protein structure and representation of AT lastly.

HR PRACTICES AND STRATEGIC CONTRIBUTIONS IN EDUCATIONAL INDUSTRY (ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY)

This paper attempts to identify the current policies and problems of IAU (Islamic Azad University) in HR practices. On the other hand this research offers new HR practices according to experts and different persons in different levels of IAU. Finally, offered HR practices are in line with strategic contributions in educational industryHuman Resources, Human Resources Practices, and Knowledge Sharing

Numerical analysis of an initial design of a counter-rotating pump-turbine

Renewable sources of energy are on the rise and will continue to increase the coming decades. A common problem with the renewable energy sources is that they rely on effects which cannot be controlled, for instance the strength of the wind or the intensity of the sunlight. The ALPHEUS Horizon 2020 EU project has the aim to develop a low-head hydraulic pump-turbine which can work as a grid stabilising unit. This work presents numerical results of an initial hub-driven counter-rotating pump-turbine design within ALPHEUS. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out in both prototype and model scale, for pump and turbine modes, and under steady-state and unsteady conditions. The results indicate that the initial design have a hydraulic efficiency of roughly 90 % in both modes and for a wide range of operating conditions. The unsteady simulations reveal a complex flow pattern downstream the two runners and frequency analysis show that the dominating pressure pulsations originates from the rotor dynamics. Given the promising high efficiency, this initial design makes an ideal platform to continue the work to optimise efficiency and transient operations further