Cloning of Oct3/4 gene in embryonic stem cells

      Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent, self-renewing cells. These cells can be used in applications such as cell therapy, drug discovery, disease modelling, and the study of cellular differentiation. In this experimental study embryonic stem cells cultured in the laboratory and were amplified. Total RNA was extracted from cells and converted to cDNA. The replication factor Oct3/4 gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cloned into the pTZ57R/T vector. Legated product had been transformed into susceptible bacteria and transformed bacteria were screened on a selective medium. Plasmids extracted from bacteria and enzyme digestion to confirm the sequencing was performed. Results of enzyme digestion were sequenced. Cloned gene can prepare a gene cassette to produce stem cells from somatic cell

Integration of feature extraction, attribute combination and image segmentation for object delineation on seismic images

Automatic geological interpretation, specifically modeling salt dome and fault detection, is controversial task on seismic images from complex geological media. In advanced techniques of seismic interpretation and modeling, various strategies are utilized for combination and integration different information layers to obtain an image adequate for automatic extraction of the object from seismic data. Efficiency of the selected feature extraction, data integration and image segmentation methods are the most important parameters that affect accuracy of the final model. Moreover, quality of the seismic data also affects confidence of the selected seismic attributes for integration. The present study proposed a new strategy for efficient delineation and modeling of geological objects on the seismic image. The proposed method consists of extraction specific features by the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) method, statistical analysis of the HOG features, integration of features through hybrid attribute analysis and image classification or segmentation. The final result is a binary model of the target under investigation. The HOG method here modified accordingly for extraction of the related features for delineation of salt dome and fault zones from seismic data. The extracted HOG parameter then is statically analyzed to define the best state of information integration. The integrated image, which is the hybrid attribute, then is used for image classification, or image segmentation by the image segmentation method. The seismic image labeling procedure performs on the related seismic attributes, evaluated by the extracted HOG feature. Number of HOG feature and the analyzing parameters are also accordingly optimized. The final image classification then is performed on an image which contains all the embedded information on all the related textural conventional and statistical attributes and features. The proposed methods here apply on four seismic data examples, synthetic model of salt dome and faults and two real data that contain salt dome and fault. Results have shown that the proposed method can more accurately model the targets under investigation, compared to advanced extracted attributes and manual interpretations

Expand Dimensional of Seismic Data and Random Noise Attenuation Using Low-Rank Estimation

Random noise attenuation in seismic data requires employing leading-edge methods to attain reliable denoised data. Efficient noise removal, effective signal preservation and recovery, reasonable processing time with a minimum signal distortion and seismic event deterioration are properties of a desired noise suppression algorithm. There are various noise attenuation methods available that more or less have these properties. We aim to obtain more effective denoised seismic data by assuming 3-D seismic data as a tensor in order three and increasing its dimension to 4-D seismic data by employing continuous wavelet transform (CWT). First, we map 3-D block seismic data to smaller blocks to estimate the low-rank component. The CWT of the tensor is calculated along the third dimension to extract the singular values and their related left/right vectors in the wavelet domain. Afterward, the effective low-rank component is extracted using optimized coefficients for each singular value. Thresholding is applied in the wavelet domain along the third dimension to calculate effective coefficients. Two synthetic and field data examples are considered for performance evaluation of the proposed method, and the results were compared with the competitive random noise suppression methods, such as the tensor optimum shrinkage singular value decomposition, the iterative block tensor singular value thresholding, and the block matching 4-D algorithms. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the proposed method with other methods indicates that the proposed method efficiently eliminates random noise from seismic data

The effect of MDMA and pentoxifylline drug on bad/bcl-xl gene dosage expression changes on rat liver

        MDMA generally known as ecstasy, have deleterious effects on the serotonergic neurotransmitter system. Recent findings suggest that the liver and brain are major target organs of MDMA-related toxicities. Although most research is being dynamically performed on brain, however, the molecular mechanisms by which MDMA elicits adverse effects in both organs are poorly undrestood.The present study was performed to obtain evidence for molecular mechanism of apoptosis involved in MDMA-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver after MDMAadministration. Moreover, the antagonistic effect of pentoxifylline was assessed on hepatotoxicity after MDMA administration. In this experimental study, sample size and power in each group were calculated as 10 rats with 95% confidence level and 5% confidence interval. In the study, four experimental groups were selected including Control Normal, MDMA, MDMA+PTX and PTX+MDMA. MDMA was dissolved in PBS and intraperitoneally injected three doses of 7.5mg/kg with two hours gap between doses. Pentoxyfilline also was injected as 100mg/kg, simultaneously with third dose of MDMA. After treatment, total RNA was isolated from liver tissue (5mg). Absorbance at 260nm, 280nm and 230nm were measured and immediately reverse transcription was performed. Included target genes were BAD and BCL-XL as pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene, respectively. After set up and validation, Real-Time PCR were performed and obtaining data were statistically analyzed to determine significantly differences between groups. Using Real-Time quantitative PCR results, BCL-XL gene expression ratio significantly increased in MDMA+PTX group. Moreover, BAD gene expression ratio increased and up-regulated in PTX+MDMA group (P-value <0.001).Our study focused on molecular mechanism of MDMA in programmed cell death using gene expression quantification of a pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptoic gene in MDMA-induced hepatotoxocity. The results shown MDMA prompted apoptosis in liver and pentoxifylline protects hepatotoxicity after and befor taking MDMA.

The Role of Pomalidomide-Based Epigenetic Effect on DNMT Genes Expression in Myeloma Cell Line

Multiple myeloma (MM) is clonal B-cell malignancy characterized by the progressive proliferation of malignant plasma cells and accumulation of monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-spike) in blood and urine. Pomalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent which has potentially suppressed myeloma cell progression, especially in drug-resistant cases. As epigenetic modifications have an important role in gene regulation and because of the revealing role of DNA-Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) overexpression in myeloma pathogenesis, in this study DNMT1, 3a and 3b genes expression of U266 myeloma cell line treated with pomalidomide have been evaluated. In this study after treatment of U266 cells with 1 μM pomalidomide for 48 hours, total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis was performed. Gene expression of DNMT1, 3a and 3b has been evaluated using real time PCR technique. The result of this study show that pomalidomide can downregulate the expression of DNMT1, 3a, and 3b in 48 hours of treatment as 0.049, 0.058 and 0.055, respectively as comparing with untreated control (P<0.05). Based on these results we conclude that pomalidomide has desired effect on epigenetic modification by downregulation of DNMTs genes expression and has been considered as an effective drug for inhibition of myeloma proliferation

Identification of WSSV, TSV & IHHNV in wild and cultured shrimps and crustaceans in Khuzestan province - Abadan and investigation of its pathogenicity

According to the white spot disease during 2002 until 2005 and the damages caused by the disease to the farmers a new species L.vannamei were introduced to the farming region of Abadan Choebdeh from 2006. Hight mortality occurred in Khuzestan province farms in 2007 and 2008 again. Probably viral agent was transferred to native shrimps or other aquatic animals, therefore it is very important that presence of viruses in local aquatic animals and its vectors detected. Detection of WSSV, TSVand IHHNV in aquatic animal from Khuzestan costal region imphasis to wild shrimp and craps is the main objectives of this study. So samples were taken from 10 active farms twice a week and 100 postlarves from 3 active breeding center befor stocking. Samples for viral detection were studied by molecular and histopathology asseys. Results was shown presence of the White spot virus in cultured and wild shrimp and TSV infection in only two cultured shrimps but there was negative result for IHHN virus. To study the pathogenesis of white spot virus isolated from wild and farmed shrimps, exposure method was used. Results of challenge showed that WSSV can be transmited from diseased cultured and wild shrimp to cultured shrimp. Mean mortality percent in the treatment that fed with infected wild shrimp was 38.33±10.4 and treatment that fed with infected cultured shrimp 61.66±7.63 and in the positive control treatment was 87.5±3.5