The Evaluation of Contralateral Breast Lesions in Breast Cancer Patients Using Reduction Mammoplasty

Purpose: This study evaluated the importance of routine pathological examination of contralateral breast specimens in breast cancer patients using reduction mammoplasty. Methods: The weight of breast tissue resected from the contralateral breast in 71 patients and the number of slices used for pathological evaluation were recorded. Breast lesions found in the contralateral breast and accompanying lesions with tumors were examined. Results: High risk proliferative lesions were reported in the contralateral breast of eight (11.2%) patients, and low-risk lesions were detected in 18 (25%). While the mean age of the patients with high-risk lesions was 45.6, it was 52.8 for the other patients (p = 0.036). Conclusion: Bilateral reduction mammoplasty may be beneficial to delineate some pathologies in contralateral breasts even in those patients with normal clinical and radiological findings. The incidental discovery of these pathologies is much more likely in young breast cancer patients

Associations Between Adiponectin and Two Different Cancers: Breast and Colon

Objectives: Breast and colon cancer are neoplasms well known to be related to obesity. Adiponectin, a protein that increases in obesity, seems to be involved in the relationship but clinical data are limited. Methods: In this study, we therefore evaluated the serum adiponectin levels in 87 breast and 27 colon cancer patients and assessed the relation with BMI, menopausal status, receptor status and stage of disease. Results: Serum adiponectin levels were lower in cancer cases (8583 +/- 2095 ng/ml for breast cancer, 9513 +/- 2276 for colon cancer) than in controls (13905 +/- 3263). Conclusion: A low serum adiponectin level may be associated with both breast and colon cancer, and that this association is not statistically significant for either receptor or menopausal status in breast cancer groups

Comparison of lymph node metastasis rates in breast cancer molecular subtypes; A retrospective clinical study

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer is the most important determinant of long-term prognosis, but isn't an independent risk factor for overall survival. Invasive breast cancer is divided into molecular subtypes according to the presence of estrogen, progesterone and Her2 receptors: these subtypes can guide systemic therapy. Our aim in the study is to compare the axillary lymph node metastasis rates statistically in breast cancer subtypes. Patients treated for breast cancer were retrospectively evaluated in Group1(LuminalA-likeERand/orPR+,Her2 -), Group2 (LuminalB-likeER and/or PR+,Her2-), Group3 (Her2+,ER and/or PR+), Group4 (Her2+,ER and/or PR-) and Group5 (Her2-,ER and PR-) analyzed for tumor type, pathological stage, lymph node metastasis.208 patients were included in the study, and the mean age of the patients was 57.3±12.8. Although the age distribution of the groups was similar, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of menopausal status. While the lymph node distribution was highly proliferative in Group 2. Demonstrating metastasis organotropisms in the effect of molecular subtypes of breast cancer is necessary to understand tumor mechanisms. ER and PR positive tumors usually metastasize to bones, while Her2+ or triple-negative breast cancers usually tend to metastasize to the visceral system, including the central nervous system. As with distant metastasis habits, lymph node metastasis rates of molecular subtypes of breast cancer can also vary. Being aware of these metastasis possibilities is also helpful in understanding the clinical behavior of the disease. It is important to know the molecular subtypes and susceptibility of lymphatic metastases as well as trying to avoid unnecessary complications of axillary dissection using the sentinel lymph node sampling technique. [Med-Science 2023; 12(1.000): 52-7

New Findings on Autoimmune Etiology of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Serum IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23 Levels of Patients

Background Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is a benign chronic inflammatory breast disease that mimics breast cancer, and the etiopathogenesis has not yet been fully evaluated. Autoimmunity has received the most focus as a possible etiology. Our aim in this prospective clinical study was to investigate the possible association between the cytokines, interleukin IL-17, IL-22, IL-23 and IGM. Materials and Methods The current study was conducted in 26 women with histopathologically diagnosed IGM, and 15 control women of reproductive age having no breast disease history. Blood samples were collected, and serum concentrations of IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 were determined. Results In the analysis of variables, the patients with IGM and the control group had statistically significant differences between serum IL-22 titers (p = 0.0378) and IL-23 titers (p = 0.0469. No statistically significant difference was found between IGM patients and the control group in serum IL-17 titers (p = 0.9724). Conclusion The results of the current study, especially pertaining to serum IL-22 and IL-23 levels, support the etiopathogenesis of IGM in favor of the autoinflammatory thesis. Nevertheless, this thesis should be supported by a large case number and prospective clinical studies

Immune checkpoint status and exhaustion‐related phenotypes of CD8+ T cells from the tumor‐draining regional lymph nodes in breast cancer

Abstract Background Functional status of T cells determines the responsiveness of cancer patients to immunotherapeutic interventions. Even though T cell‐mediated immunity is inaugurated in the tumor‐adjacent lymph nodes, peripheral blood has been routinely sampled for testing the immunological assays. The purpose of this study is to determine the immune checkpoint molecule expression and the exhaustion‐related phenotype of cytotoxic T cells in the regional lymph nodes from breast cancer patients. Patients and methods Multicolor immunophenotyping was used to determine the expression of PD‐1, TIM‐3, LAG3, CTLA‐4, CCR7, CD45RO, CD127, CD25, CXCR5, and ICOS molecules on CD3+CD4−CD56−CD8+ cytotoxic T cells freshly obtained from the lymph nodes and the peripheral blood samples of the breast cancer patients. The results were assessed together with the clinical data. Results A population of cytotoxic T cells was noted with high PD‐1 and CXCR5 expression in the lymph nodes of the breast cancer patients. Co‐expression of PD‐1, CXCR5, TIM‐3, and ICOS indicated a follicular helper T cell (Tfh)‐like, exhaustion‐related immunophenotype in these cytotoxic T cells. Only a minor population with CTLA‐4 and LAG3 expression was noted. The PD‐1+CXCR5+ cytotoxic T cells largely displayed CD45RO+CCR7+ central memory markers. The amount of CXCR5‐expressing PD‐1− cytotoxic T cells was elevated in the lymph nodes of the patients. Conclusion The regional lymph nodes of breast cancer patients harbor Tfh‐like exhausted cytotoxic T lymphocytes with high PD‐1 and TIM‐3 checkpoint molecule expression. The immunological conditions in the regional lymph nodes should be implicated for immune checkpoint immunotherapy (ICI) of cancer