Dual-purpose ability of barley and wheat at drought and heat stress conditions

Dual-purpose barley and wheat production is a valuable resource to fill feed gaps and grain production, but availability at drought and heat stress conditions is still not clearly studied.  Two experiments were conducted at semi-controlled green house to determine biomass production at vegetative stages, chlorophyll content and grain yield. Experiment 1 consists of four clipping treatments on wheat, i.e. one, two, three times clipping and un-clipping control. Experiment 2 combined two clipping treatments (one clipping and un-clipping) and two levels of water (low: 40 % of field capacity; normal: 85 % of field capacity) on barley. Wheat grain yield was severely affected by increasing clipping number under heat stress. Total biomass at one clipping was the same level as control treatment. Although physiological maturity was delayed 8 days from control to 3 times clipping application, biomass and yield remained below the control application due to shrinkage in plant height and other organs size. Clipping and water levels at barley significantly impacted biomass and plant height, but all traits were not related by interactions clipping x water level. The clipping application in heat stress reduced total biomass by 21.3 and 30.4 % in well-watered and dry conditions, respectively.  Contrary to what is expected, it seems clear to obtain satisfactory forage and grain yield by optimizing the management technique, growing in dual-purpose production in wheat and barley in warm environments

The role of institutional factors when determining investment strategies of sovereign wealth funds in stock market

Abstract. Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWF) are investment vehicles of governments which use its assets in hand for the favor of public interest.  SWFs invest a vast amount of money that varies in amount from year to year both in national and international platforms. Funds which provide an excellent source mean a lot for developed countries as much as they mean to developing countries. In this study, the factors SWFs consider while investing in the stock market are analyzed. Panel data is chosen for analysis using SWF and Heritage institutional factor index. New Zeeland is selected as example to illustrate that from which institutional factor, such as private property right, law enforcement, tax responsibility and freedom of labor, influenced investments New Zeeland SWF made in stock markets of 42 different countries. Keywords. Sovereign Wealth Funds, Stock markets, Investment, Institutional factors.JEL. C10, C23, G23

Baskı devre kartı dizgi atölyelerinde hat dengeleme

In assembling printed circuit boards (PCB), the use of numerically or computer controlled electronic component placement machines has become quite popular in the last decades. However, serious operations research problems arise through their use such as, allocation of component types to machines, board production schedule, feeder configuration and placement sequencing. In this study, the problem of allocation of component types to machines is taken up where two non-identical machines are deployed serially on a line to complete the assembly process of PCBs. For the solution of this problem three heuristic algorithms are suggested and their performances are investigated on experimental data.Son yıllarda baskı devre kartlarının (BDK) dizgisinde nümerik veya bilgisayar kontrollü elektronik dizgi makinalarının kullanımı yaygın hale gelmiştir. Ancak, bu beraberinde komponent tiplerinin makinalara atanması, kart üretim çizelgelemesi, besleyici düzeni ve dizgi sırası gibi karmaşık yöneylem araştırması problemlerini getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, birbirinden farklı iki makinanın aynı hatta olması durumu için komponentlerin makinalara atanması problemi ele alınmıştır. Bu problemin çözümü için üç ayrı sezgisel algoritma geliştirilmiş ve performansları örnek veriler üzerinde incelenmiştir

Institutions and Economic Performance: A Review on the Developing Countries

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between institutions and macro-economic performance in terms of developing countries. For this purpose, for a period covering the years 2000-2011 through the use of 23 institutional structure variables in the study, the relationship between the institutional structure and macro-economic performance is investigated in sampling countries where 38 developing countries take place by using the ‘Panel Data Analysis’ method. The results of the analysis reveals that institutional structure indicators such as the integrity of the law system, regulations on trade barriers, restriction of foreign investments, the share of the private sector in the banking system and employment-dismissal variables have a positive effect on the macro-economic performance of the developing countries. On the other hand, according to the analysis results, variables such as judiciary independence, government expenditures, transfers and subsidies, civil freedoms, the black market exchange rate, collective bargaining and military tutelage (political stability) have been seen to have a negative impact on the macro-economic performances of developing countries

IMPACT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON CAREER DEVELOPMENT

The purpose of this study is to explore the literature of social capital on career development.  The various theoretical models drawn through social capital theory and the impacts derived on career progress are highlighted.Within this scope, the theoretical background and literature search on social capital and human capital management career development are deeply investigated. The major gaps within the literature, under this scope of social capital on human resources are identified. The social capital and hybrid theoretical frameworks are evaluated and suggestions for the future academic researchers have been described.One of the major findings of this research is that, it highlights the lack of hybrid theoretical models including social capital on career progress. The main proposition of social capital creating an advantage for accessing and utilizing career opportunities is verified through various researches with exceptions. Another identified gap was the commonality of the methodology as well as the commonalities of the professionals’ records under investigation. The professionals under focus had major commonalities like graduation from the same university or working for the same company and mainly the academia. The results of this work aims to enlighten the academic literature of social capital and career development with possible future research questions

Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) Changes in Durum Wheat Parents and Their F2 Progenies Under Different Nitrogen Conditions

The intensive use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agricultural fields causes significant environmental and health issues along with increasing production costs. The objective of the study was to evaluate nitrogen use efficiency of 6x6 half diallel durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) F2 progenies and their parental lines at N0 (zero N fertilizer), N1 (120 kg N ha-1) and N2 (240 kg N ha−1 ) nitrogen levels. Significant differences were found among genotypes and nitrogen applications for grain nitrogen yield (GNY), N use efficiency for grain yield (NUEgy) and N use efficiency for grain N yield (NUEgn). N use efficiency (NUE) significantly decreased with increasing nitrogen doses. General combining ability of parents (GCA) was significant for all studied traits. GCA/SCA ratio ≥1 for GNY, NUEgy and NUEgn at different N conditions showed that it dominated by additive gene effects. GNY gradually increased depending on N increase while NUEgy and NUEgn decreased. Among the parents ‘Mersiniye’ genotype showed positive GCA effects and was the best general combiner for GNY, NUEgy and NUEgn. The best specific combining ability (SCA) for NUEgy was obtained from ‘Mersiniye x Spagetti’ hybrid. The GCA effects of each parent were generally stable for all traits and nitrogen levels. Our results revealed that it is possible to select promising lines which have high nitrogen use efficiency from the segregating progenies obtained by crossing of high nitrogen use efficiency parents

Sub-Manifolds of a Riemannian Manifold

In this chapter, we introduce the theory of sub-manifolds of a Riemannian manifold. The fundamental notations are given. The theory of sub-manifolds of an almost Riemannian product manifold is one of the most interesting topics in differential geometry. According to the behaviour of the tangent bundle of a sub-manifold, with respect to the action of almost Riemannian product structure of the ambient manifolds, we have three typical classes of sub-manifolds such as invariant sub-manifolds, anti-invariant sub-manifolds and semi-invariant sub-manifolds. In addition, slant, semi-slant and pseudo-slant sub-manifolds are introduced by many geometers

Okul Etkililiğini Belirlemede Kullanılan Katma-Değerli Değerlendirme Yaklaşımının Uygulanması

The aim of this study was to introduce the value-added assessment model, one of the approaches used in school and teacher evaluation, and to demonstrate its implementation on a real data set. In the study, success ratings for the schools were assessed through the value-added assessment model using TEOG (transition from primary to secondary education) exam scores of 539 secondary schools in Şanlıurfa province of Turkey. The school ratings based on the exam averages were also included. The differences were found between the ratings based on the value-added scores obtained in the study and the traditional ones depending only on the exam averages. It was concluded that it was not accurate to evaluate the school success solely by a specific exam average, and the value-added assessment approach, revealing how much the schools were differentiated from one exam to another, was decided to offer more objective results. The present study, serving as a model for the use of value-added assessment approach in Turkey, offers suggestions to assist school and teacher evaluation to be planned in the future.Çalışmanın amacı okul ve öğretmen değerlendirmesinde kullanılan yaklaşımlardan biri olan katma-değerli değerlendirme modelinin tanıtılması ve gerçek bir veri üzerinden uygulamasının gösterilmesidir. Bu çalışmada Şanlıurfa ilindeki 539 okula ait TEOG sınav puanları kullanılarak katma-değerli değerlendirme modeli vasıtasıyla okullar arasında başarı sıralaması yapılmıştır. Bunun yanında sadece ortalamalara bakılarak yapılan okul sıralamaları da sunulmuştur. Çalışmada elde edilen katma-değer puanlarına dayalı sıralamalar ile sadece ortalamalara dayalı yapılan geleneksel sıralamalar arasında farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sadece bir sınav üzerinden okul ortalamalarına bakarak okulların başarısının değerlendirilmesinin doğru olmadığı okulların bir sınavdan diğerine ne kadar değişim gösterdiğini yansıtan katma-değerli değerlendirme yaklaşımının daha objektif sonuçlar sunduğu görülmüştür. Katma-değerli değerlendirme yaklaşımının Türkiye’de kullanımına örnek teşkil eden bu çalışma ileride yapılması planlanan okul ve öğretmen değerlendirmelerine yardımcı olacak önerilerde bulunmaktadır

A new dominance rule to minimize total weighted tardiness on a single machine

Ankara : The Department of Industrial Engineering and the Institute of Engineering and Science of Bilkent University, 1996.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1996.Includes bibliographical references leaves 75-79We present a new dominance rule for the single machine total weighted tardiness problem with job dependent penalties. The proposed dominance rule provides a sufficient condition for local optimality, i.e. if any sequence violates the dominance rule, switching a violating job either lowers the total weighted tardiness or leaves it unchanged. We introduce an algorithm based on the dominance rule, which is compared to a number of competing heuristics for a set of randomly generated problems. Our computational results over •30000 problems indicate that the proposed algorithm dominates the competing heuristics in all runs. Furthermore, the new dominance rules can be used in reducing the number of alternatives for finding the optimal solution in complete enumeration techniques. We show that the proposed dominance rule increases the number of global dominance relationships generated by the Emmons’ Rule which is used heavily in literature to restrict the search space. We also show that having a better upper bound value usually improves the lower bound value which is obtained from the linear lower bound.Yıldırım, Mehmet BayramM.S

A context aware approach for enhancing gesture recognition accuracy on handheld devices

Ankara : The Department of Computer Engineering and the Institute of Engineering and Science of Bilkent University, 2010.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2010.Includes bibliographical references leaves 75-84.Input capabilities (e.g. joystick, keypad) of handheld devices allow users to interact with the user interface to access the information and mobile services. However, these input capabilities are very limited because of the mobile convenience. New input devices and interaction techniques are needed for handheld devices. Gestural interaction with accelerometer sensor is one of the newest interaction techniques on mobile computing. In this thesis, we introduce solutions that can be used for automatically enhancing the gesture recognition accuracy of accelerometer sensor, and as a standardized gesture library for gestural interaction on touch screen and accelerometer sensor. In this novel solution, we propose a framework that decides on suitable signal processing techniques for acceleration sensor data for a given context of the user. First system recognizes the context of the user using pattern recognition algorithm. Then, system automatically chooses signal ltering techniques for recognized context, and recognizes gestures. Gestures are also standardized for better usage. In this work, we also present several experiments which show the feasibility and e ectiveness of our automated gesture recognition enhancement system.Yıldırım, Hacı MehmetM.S