AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE REACTION TIMES AND THE STATE AND TRAIT ANXIETY LEVELS OF THE ATHLETES

Besides supposing that the anxiety levels of the athletes have an impact on their performance it is also important to know the level of this impact. In this study it was aimed to investigate the relationship between the anxiety level and the sporting performance especially the reaction time which is the determinant of the speed requiring sudden movements. The study included 60 university students who participated voluntarily, were actively engaged in sports and were living in Esenyurt district of Istanbul. The average age of the participants was 20,68±2,33, their average height was 179,05±6,43cm, their average body weight was 75,55±9,32 kg and their average sport age was 6,31±3,23years. The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used in the study in order to determinate and measure the state and trait anxiety levels of participants. The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was developed by Spielberger and his colleagues in 1970 and its reliability and validity study was carried out by Öner and La Compte by translating it into Turkish in 1983. The analyses of the obtained data were carried out with the SPSS Statistic 17.0 package program. The measurement results were given as mean (x) and as standard deviation (SD). Correlation and regression analysis were applied for the statistical evaluation of the data.  In the conducted study the state anxiety level of the athletes was detected to be  29,62±4,46 points, their trait anxiety level was 32,12±6,39 while their double hand reaction time was found to be 0,23±0,02 sec. A positive low level relationship was detected between the trait anxiety levels and the double hand reaction times of the athletes (r=,279,p<,05) while a positive and moderate level relationship was observed between the state anxiety level and the state anxiety level (r=,311, p<,016). Due to the fact that this research is a preliminary study done in the field of sport science, this study is considered to contribute to other studies planned to be done in the future. As a result, it was detected that with the increase in the anxiety level the response time given to an effect from any external factors lengthened. The fact that there was a low level positive relationship with the trait anxiety level revealed the conclusion that with the increase in the trait anxiety level, the reaction time also increases.  Article visualizations

In Vitro Regulation of the Expression of the Sars-Cov-2 Receptor Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (Ace2) in Lung Cancer Cells by Natural Products

DergiPark: 896013trkjnatThe COVID-19 pandemic continues infecting people causing deaths globally. Although various medicines have been tried to combat with COVID-19, there is no medicine or treatment that has been validated yet. People have been using natural products for centuries against bacterial and viral illnesses. This study aimed to test the effects of the biomolecule oleuropein, whey collected from industrial waste and soaproot extracts obtained from Gypsophila arrostii Guss. var. nebulosa Boiss. amp; Heldr. and Saponaria officinalis L. on the expression of the human ACE2 gene as SARS-CoV-2 receptor on the A549 adenocarcinoma cell-line by Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). According to the cytotoxicity tests, G. arrostii var. nebulosa and S. officinalis extract treatments showed a dose dependent cytotoxic effect on the cells. The EC50 values of G. arrostii var. nebulosa and S. officinalis were found to be 54.3 ?g/ml and 17.3 ?g/ml, respectively. Oleuropein showed moderate cytotoxic effects with the EC50 value over 250 ?g/ml. Whey (fermented and non-fermented) did not show any cytotoxic effect at the applied doses. The qPCR results showed that the ACE2 mRNA level decreased by 89.8% and 35.2% due to the fermented and non-fermented whey extracts, respectively. Similarly, G. arrostii var. nebulosa and S. officinalis downregulated ACE2 by 79.8% and 90.1%, respectively. In contrast, oleropein upregulated ACE2 (102.8%). Our results showed that the natural supporting products produced from soaproot extracts and fermented whey can be used against COVID-19 by both cancer patients and people in potential risk groups. COVID-19 pandemisi tüm dünyada küresel çapta insanları enfekte etmeye ve ölümlere neden olmaya devam etmektedir. COVID-19 ile mücadelede birçok ilaç denenmiş olmasına karşın henüz herhangi bir ilaç veya tedavi yöntemi onaylanmamıştır. İnsanlar yüzyıllardan bu yana hastalıklara karşı doğal ürünleri kullanmışlardır. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız bir biyomolekül olan oleuropein, endüstriyel atık olarak bertaraf edilen peynir altı suyu ve Gypsophila arrostii Guss. var. nebulosa Boiss. amp; Heldr. ve Saponaria officinalis L. bitkilerinden elde edilen ekstraktların A549 kanserli hücre hatlarında ACE2 reseptörünü kodlayan ACE2 geninin anlatım seviyesi üzerine etkilerini Gerçek Zamanlı Kantitatif Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (qPCR) ile belirlemektedir. Yaptığımız sitotoksisite testlerine göre G. arrostii var. nebulosa ve S. officinalis ekstraktları sırası ile 54,3 ?g/ml ve 17,3 ?g/ml EC50 değerleri ile doza bağımlı sitotoksik etki gösterirken, oleuropein 250 ?g/ml’nin üzerinde bir değerle orta dereceli sitotoksik etki göstermiştir. Öte yandan peynir altı suyu (ferment eve fermente edilmeyen), çalışmada kullanılan dozlarda sitotoksik etki göstermemiştir. qPCR sonuçlarına göre fermente edilmiş ve edilmemiş peynir altı suyunun ACE2 genine ait mRNA seviyesini sırası ile %89,8 ve %35,2 oranlarında düşürdüğü belirlenmiştir. Benzer şekilde G. arrostii var. nebulosa ve S. officinalis ekstraktlarının ACE2 geni mRNA seviyesini sırası ile %79,8 ve %90,1 oranında düşürdüğü belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçların aksine oleuropein biyomolekülünün ACE2 mRNA seviyesini %102,8 oranında arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre kullanılan bitki ekstraktlarının ve fermente edilmiş peynir altı suyunun COVID-19 ile mücadelede kanser hastalarında ve risk gruplarında kullanılabilecek doğal destek ürünlerinin üretilmesinde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir

Retrospective Analysis of Lymphangitis Carcinomatosa Regarding Primer Tumor Spectrum and Computer Tomography Features

INTRODUCTION: Lymphangitis carcinomatosis (LC) is used to describe the metastatic involvement of pulmonary lymphatic canals and perilymphatic connective tissue by primary tumor cells and commonly occurs secondary to primary tumors, mostly adenocarcinomas, originated from breast, lung, gastrointestinal system cancers. Common findings in lung computed tomography (CT) are interlobular septal thickening and increased reticular/reticulonodular density. In this study, we aim to present the primary tumor spectrum and most frequent computed tomography findings of patients with LC. METHODS: In this double-centered study 63 patients, who had lung CT examination due to prediagnosis of LC, were retrospectively investigated. 41 patients with final diagnosis of LC due to findings upon Positron emission tomography/Computed tomography (PET/CT), ultrasonography, CT scan, endoscopic, bronchoscopic and cytopathologic investigations and/or clinical manifestations are ultimately included RESULTS: In 41 patients with LC, lung in 11 cases, esophagus in 7 cases, colon in 6 cases, stomach in 4 cases, pancreas in 3 cases, breast in 2 cases, bladder in 2 cases, thyroid in 2 cases and singly larynx, kidney, prostate and bone marrow in 4 cases were respectively revealed as primary tumor origins. Most frequent lung CT findings were increased reticular/reticulonodular and nodular densities, thickenings of interlobular septa, mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathies, pleural and/or pericardial effusions, atelectasis, ground-glass opacities. Extrapulmonary involvement was detected in 14 patients DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: LC occurs with metastatic involvement of pulmonary lymphatics in patients with primary malignancy, especially adenocarcinomas. In CT, the reticular, reticulonodular, and noduler pattern (most common pulmonary parenchymal changes) and mediastinal lymphadenopathies (LAP) are the most common findgs. Pulmonary CT examination is accepted as the most important radiological modality in diagnosis and follow up of LC

The efficacy of cinacalcet in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism in Turkish hemodialysis patient population

WOS: 000393291900012OBJECTIVE: Cinacalcet reduces parathyroid hormone levels by increasing the sensitivity of the parathyroid gland to calcium. in this study, we firstly aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cinacalcet in Turkish hemodialysis patients. MATERIAL and METHODS: 4483 hemodialysis patients were screened and 469 patients who had used cinacalcet were included in the study. the patients were divided into 4 groups according to drug usage durations (Group 1: 3 months, Group 2: 6 months, Group 3: 9 months and Group 4: 12 months). the patients' Parathormone, Ca, P and CaxP levels at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months were compared to the start of treatment and previous months. RESULTS: the levels of Parathormone, Ca, P and CaxP significantly decreased compared to their initial levels in all groups (from 1412 pg/ml to 1222 pg/mL for Parathormone, p< 0,001) in the 3rd month. However, this reduction was not continued in the subsequent months (Parathormone: 1381 pg/ml for the 12th month). CONCLUSION: Cinacalcet may not provide adequate benefit in control of hyperparathyroidism in Turkish hemodialysis patient population

Recent Advances in Health Biotechnology During Pandemic

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in 2019, cut the epoch that will make profound fluctuates in the history of the world in social, economic, and scientific fields. Urgent needs in public health have brought with them innovative approaches, including diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To exceed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various scientific authorities in the world have procreated advances in real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic tests, rapid diagnostic kits, the development of vaccines for immunization, and the purposing pharmaceuticals for treatment. Diagnosis, treatment, and immunization approaches put for- ward by scientific communities are cross-fed from the accrued knowledge of multidisciplinary sciences in health biotechnology. So much so that the pandemic, urgently prioritized in the world, is not only viral infections but also has been the pulsion in the development of novel approaches in many fields such as diagnosis, treatment, translational medicine, virology, mi- crobiology, immunology, functional nano- and bio-materials, bioinformatics, molecular biol- ogy, genetics, tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and artificial intelligence technologies. In this review, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of various scientific areas of health biotechnology are discussed

Ischemic Bilateral Opercular Syndrome

Opercular syndrome, also known as Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome, is a paralysis of the facial, pharyngeal, masticatory, tongue, laryngeal, and brachial muscles. It is a rare cortical form of pseudobulbar palsies caused by vascular insults to bilateral operculum. Its clinical presentations include anarthria, weakness of voluntary muscles involving face, tongue, pharynx, larynx, and masticatory muscles. However, autonomic reflexes and emotional activities of these structures are preserved. In the present case, an 81-year-old male presented with acute onset of anarthria with difficulties in chewing, speaking, and swallowing that was diagnosed with opercular syndrome

Does fondaparinux have really positive effect on fracture healing? An experimental study in rats

OBJECTIVE: Antiembolic agents are routinely used in orthopaedics and traumatology clinics especially in arthroplasty, tumor and trauma surgery to decrease the embolism prob-lems. The effect of fondaparinux on fracture healing is unclear. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of fondaparinux on frac-ture healing and to compare with the effect of enoxaparin using a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 64 Wistar-Albino rats were randomi-zed into eight groups. Standard closed left femur fractures crea-ted under general anaesthesia. The control groups (A, B), heparin groups (C, D), enoxaparin groups (E, F), and fondaparinux groups (G, H), which administered isotonic NaCl solution (1cc/day), hepa-rin (1000 anti Xa IU/kg/day), enoxaparin (100 anti Xa IU/kg/day) and fondaparinux (0.2mg/ kg/day) respectively for 14 days. The rats in groups A, C, E, G were sacrificed at the end of day14 and the rats in groups B, D, F, H were scarified at the end of day 28 postopera-tively. All the femurs were radiologically evaluated with standard AP and lateral X-rays of the sacrificed femurs were rated according to the Goldberg classification system. Histological classification of healing was done according to Huo’s histological healing sca-le. Statistical analysis in this study was performed with GraphPad Prisma V.3 package software. Significance in the results were eva-luated at the level of p<0.05. RESULTS: Radiological evaluation did not reveal any significant difference between the groups in the second and the fourth weeks. Histological callus formation was found to be significantly poorer in the heparine group compared to other groups at the end of the fourth week. No significant differences were found between the groups histologically except the heparin group. Besides that, there was no significant difference on fracture healing radiologically and histologically between the enoxaparine and fondaparinux groups. CONCLUSION: We did not detect any extra positive effect of fondaparinux on fracture healing compared to enoxaparin. But fondaparinux can be used to prevent embolism problems in traumatic cases as the application of fondaparinux has no negative effect bone healing.AMAÇ: Antiembolik ajanlar ortopedi ve travmatoloji kliniklerinde özellikle artroplasti, tümör ve travma cerrahilerinde embolizm problemlerini azaltmak için rutin olarak kullanılmaktadır. Fondaparinuks’un kırık iyileşmesi üzerine etkisi belirsizdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sıçan modeli kullanarak fondaparinuksun kırık iyileşmesi üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi ve enoksaparinin etkisi ile karşılaştırılmasıdır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: 64 adet Wistar-Albino sekiz gruba randomize olarak ayrıldı. Genel anestezi altında sol femur kapalı standart kırıkları oluşturuldu. Kontrol grupları (A, B), heparin grupları (C, D), enoksaparin grupları (E, F), ve fondaparinuks grupları (G, H), sırasıyla izotonik NaCl (1cc/gün), heparin (1000 anti Xa IU/kg/gün), enoksaparin (100 anti Xa IU/kg/gün) ve fondaparinuks (0.2mg/kg/ gün) olacak şekilde 14 gün süre ile uygulandı. A, C, E, G gruplarındaki sıçanlar postoperatif 14. günün, B, D, F, H gruplarındakiler ise 28. günün sonunda sakrifiye edildiler. Tüm femurların radyolojik incelemesi standart ön-arka ve yan grafiler kullanılarak Goldberg sınıflamasına göre yapıldı. Histolojik inceleme ise Huo histolojik iyileşme sınıflamasına göre yapıldı. Bu çalışmanın istatiksel analizleri GraphPad Prisma V.3 paket programı kullanılarak yapıldı. Sonuçlarda anlamlılık p<0.05 düzeyi olarak belirlendi. BULGULAR: Radyolojik incelemede, ikinci ve dördüncü hafta sonundaki sonuçlar incelendiğinde, gruplar arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Histolojik incelemede ise heparin almış olan H grubundaki iyileşme sonuçları diğer gruplarla karşılaştırıldığında istatiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde kötü olarak saptandı. Diğer gruplar arasında histolojik açıdan, heparin grubu hariç, istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı. Ayrıca histolojik ve radyolojik olarak fondaparinuks ve enoksaparin grupları arasında kırık iyileşmesi üzerine etkileri arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p>0.05). SONUÇ: Çalışmamızda fondaparinuksun enoksaparin ile karşılaştırıldığında kırık iyileşmesi üzerine herhangi ekstra olumlu etkisini saptamadık. Fondaparinuks uygulamasının kırık iyileşmesi üzerine negatif bir etkisi saptanmamış olması nedeniyle travma vakalarında embolizm problemlerini önlemede kullanılabileceği kanaatindeyiz

Changes in number of water-filled vesicles of choroid plexus in early and late phase of experimental rabbit subarachnoid hemorrhage model; the role of petrous ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve

AYDIN, Nazan/0000-0003-3232-7713; Gundogdu, Cemal/0000-0003-2857-923X; Kanat, Ayhan/0000-0002-8189-2877WOS: 000338195300008PubMed: 24752726Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion may be increased in the early phases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), possibly via ischemic glossopharyngeal nerve discharges, and decreased due to glossopharyngeal nerve degeneration in the late phase of SAH; but this reflex pathway has not been definitively investigated. We studied the relationship between petrous ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve (GPN) and water vesicles of the choroid plexus (CP) in the early and late phases of SAH. This study was conducted on 30 rabbits, divided into four groups, with five rabbits in the control group (group I), five rabbits in the sham group (Group II), and 20 rabbits in the SAH group. in the SAH group, five of the animals were decapitated after 4 days of cisternal blood injections (Group III), and the other 15 animals were decapitated after 20 days of injections (Group IV). the Petrous Ganglia and CPs of lateral ventricles were removed and stained for stereological analysis. the mean number of follicles per cubic millimeter was 5.3 +/- 1.2 the in control group (Group I), 4.5 +/- 0.9 in the sham group (Group II), 16.60 +/- 3.77 the in early decapitated group (Group III), and 4.30 +/- 0.84 in the late decapitated group (Group IV). the mean number of degenerated neuron density of petrous ganglions was 6 +/- 2, 50 +/- 6, 742 +/- 96, and 2.420 +/- 350 in the control (Group I), sham (Group II), early decapitated (Group III), and late decapitated group (Group IV), respectively. the mean number of water vesicles was statistically different after SAH between the early decapitated group (group III) and the late decapitated group (group IV) (P < 0.05). We studied the relationship between petrous ganglion cells of the GPN and water vesicles of CP in the early and late phases of SAH, and found that CP vesicles are increased in the early phase of SAH due to irritation of GPN, and decreased in the late phase due to ischemic insult of the petrous ganglion and parasympathetic innervation of the CP

Important casual association of carotid body and glossopharyngeal nerve and lung following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. First report

Gundogdu, Cemal/0000-0003-2857-923X; Kanat, Ayhan/0000-0002-8189-2877WOS: 000331025400038PubMed: 24267741Object: the glossopharyngeal nerves (GPNs) and carotid bodies (CBs) have an important role in the continuation of the cerebral autoregulation and cardiorespiratory functions. the relationship between degenerative injury of CB and the GPN in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was studied. Methods: Twenty rabbits were included in this study. Five of them (n = 5) were used as control group. the remaining animals (n = 15) were exposed to experimental SAH. in the six animals of the SAH group, severe signs of illness were observed, and these six animals were killed in the first week after SAH. Others animals (n = 9) were followed for 20 days and then sacrificed. GPNs and CBs were examined and, the live and degenerated GPN axon number, and of CB neuron numbers were stereologically estimated. Results: the mean number of live neurons in CBs was 4206.67 +/- 148.35 and live axons of GPNs were 1211.66 +/- 14.29 in the animals of the control group. the number of degenerated neurons of CBs was 2065 +/- 110.27 and the number of degenerated axons of GPNs was 530.83 +/- 43.48 in early killed animals with SAH. the number of degenerated neurons of CBs and the number of degenerated axons of GPNs were found as 1013.89 +/- 4184 and 2270.5 +/- 13438 in the living animals with SAH, respectively. Conclusions: High number of degenerated axons of GPN and neurons of CBs of the early killed animals suggest that the mortality in early SAH might be due to GPNs injury secondary to compression of their axons or supplying vessels by the probably herniated brainstem, and secondary denervation injury of CBs, and lung. Crown Copyright (c) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved