Development and Validation of Behaviors toward Gays and Lesbians on Campus Scale

In the literature, there have been many studies measuring homophobic attitudes of heterosexual people. However, there is limited research on behavioral aspects of homophobia. We attempted to develop a new scale measuring homophobic behaviors of heterosexual students toward gay and lesbian individuals on campus life. We developed BGLC (Behaviors toward Gays and Lesbians on Campus) Scale and validated the scale by comparing it with Age Universal I-E Scale, Homophobic Behaviors of Students Scale (HBSS) and Future Engagement in Activities Concerning Homosexual People (FEACHP) in order to study discriminant, convergent and criterion validity, respectively

A new approach for mediation analysis: Is Baron and Kenny’s method still valid

Baron and Kenny's (1986) causal steps approach has been widely used by researchers in mediation analyses. Yet, recently, some researchers have begun to argue that Baron and Kenny's approach is not an appropriate method for mediation analysis, and that contemporary or new methods that are based on bootstrapping would yield more valid and reliable results in mediation analysis. The aim of the current study was to discuss basic assumptions between the causal steps approach and new approach in mediation analysis and show statistical differences between the two approaches by using real data set. As a result, it can be stated that the validity of the causal steps approach, which has been used extensively in the analysis of mediation models until today, is controversial, and the use of a new approach based on the bootstrap technique in psychology and behavior research may bring more valid results

A new approach for mediation analysis:Is Baron and Kenny's method still valid?

Baron and Kenny’s (1986) causal steps approach has been widely used by scholars in mediation analyses. Yet, recently, some scholars have begun to argue that Baron and Kenny’s approach is not an appropriate method for mediation analysis (Fritz and MacKinnon, 2007; Gürbüz, 2021; Hayes, 2018). Instead, the use of contemporary methods based on bootstrapping would yield more valid and reliable results in the analysis of mediation models (Fritz and MacKinnon, 2007; Gürbüz, 2021; Hayes, 2018; Hayes and Rockwood, 2017; Preacher and Selig, 2012; Williams and MacKinnon, 2008). Methodical studies on the differences between these two approaches are scarce. The aim of the present study is to (1) discuss the basic assumptions of both the causal steps approach and the contemporary approach in mediation analysis (2) to show the differences between the results of the two competing approaches by using real data set

A Study on the Public Opinion About Police Forces and Police Services: Nigde Case

İmaj, gerek kamu gerekse özel sektörün başarısında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu nedenle her organizasyonun çabası, bireylerin zihninde olumlu bir imaj yaratabilmek ve bunu yükseltebilmektir. Kamu organizasyonlarının da iyi bir imaj oluşturabilmeleri, tüketicileri olan vatandaşlarla iyi bir ilişki ve iletişim kurabilmelerine yardımcı olur. Böyle bir imaja polis organizasyonlarının duyduğu gereksinim, ayrı bir önem taşımaktadır. Polis organizasyonu gibi kurumların başarılı olabilmelerinde, her zaman bireylerle diyalog içerisinde olmaları gereklidir. Aksi dururrida bu organizasyon, insanların desteğini almada başarılı olamaz. Bu çalışmadaki araştırmanın sonuçları da halk desteği olmaksızın, polis organizasyonlarının başarılarının sınırlı bir düzeyde olacağını göstermektedir. Bu çalışma da; bireyler ve polisler arasında olumlu bir iletişim ve imaj oluşturabilmede, çok önemli ve gerekli olan faktörler belirlenmekte ve Niğde'de yaşayan 300 bireye, yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile uygulanan anket verilerinin analizi ve değerlendirilmesi açıklanmaktadır.The article is based on a research conducted by the authors in Niğde province. They point prior to their research out that image making is important both for public and private sectors' success and, every organization tries to create and consolidate a positive image about itself in the minds of people. If public organizations too provide such an image then it will lead to their good relations and communication with the citizens who are in client positions for their services. Consequently, police organizations and their specific need to have a positive image gains more importance for the article.It is assumed that agencies like police organizations have to be in a continuous dialog with the individuals for reaching success. If not/these organizations will fail in providing support of the people. So, the objectives of the research are to determine important factors to create a positive image and establish a good communication between the individuals and the police. A questionnaire was directed to 300 individuals who live in Niğde and the data has been analysed in the article. The results show that if there is no people's support then police organizations will have a limited success only

Retrospective analysis of risk factors for development of biliary fistula after liver cyst hydatid surgery

Aim: Hepatic hydatidosis is common parasitosis in Turkey and caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Biliary fistula is the most common complication after liver hydatid cyst surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate an appropriate treatment strategy for patients whose biliary fistula might develop, by revealing variables that affect biliary fistula.Methods: A total of 118 patients who underwent liver hydatid cyst surgery were included in this study. The following variables were analyzed between patients with biliary fistula (group 2) and without fistula (group 1): Age, gender, hematologic and liver function tests, and features of the cysts (type, cyst size, number, and localization).Results: Cystobiliary fistula was detected in 19 (16%) of 118 patients. In-group 2, cyst size, white blood cell, alkaline phosphatase and g-Glutamyl transpeptidase levels were higher than group 1 on univariate analysis (p=0.03, p=0.008, p=0.04 and p=0.001, respectively). In the multivariate model, only cyst diameter remained as an independent predictor (odds ratio 0.03, 95% confidence interval 0.002 to 0.06; p=0.03) On the receiver operating characteristic curve, the 100% sensitive, 100% specific, and optimal cutoffs of the cyst diameter were 7.5 cm, 4.0 cm and14.6 cm, respectively (The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.67). Conclusion: Preoperative cyst size is a valuable parameter for predicting biliary fistula. Our study suggests that cyst size greater than 7.5 cm is a risk factor for biliary fistula

The Mediating Role of Time Perspective in the Relationship between Chronotype and Suicide in Bipolar Disorder

(1) Background: Suicide in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is related to the chronotype of the person from a biological perspective. However, it is not known whether there is a relationship between suicide and psychological time in BD. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between time perspective (TP) and suicide and the effect of TP on the relationship between suicide and chronotype in euthymic patients with BD. (2) Methods: We included 150 BD patients and 84 healthy controls in this cross-sectional study. We administered the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), and Morning–Evening Questionnaire (MEQ). (3) Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the median scores of past negative TP, present fatalistic TP, future TP, and MEQ total score (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.010, and p = 0.020, respectively). There was a significant correlation between past negative TP, future TP, MEQ scores, and BSSI scores in the patient group (p < 0.001, p = 0.018, and p = 0.028, respectively). An inverse and significant relationship between the MEQ total score and BSSI score and TP types had a mediator role in this relationship. (4) Conclusions: Our study shows that TP, which evaluates time from a psychological perspective, has a direct relationship with suicidal ideation and a mediating role in the relationship between chronotype and suicide. According to our results, we can conclude that ZTPI can also be used to evaluate the risk of suicidality in patients with BD. Appropriate therapy methods for TP may help to prevent some suicide attempts

Adherence to Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogue Treatment in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Background: Adherence to medication is an important aspect of preventing drug resistance and treatment failure in patients receiving nucleos(t)ide analogues for chronic hepatitis B. Aims: To assess adherence to nucleoside/nucleotide analogues in chronic hepatitis B treatment and to determine factors associated with non-adherence. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The study enrolled 85 chronic hepatitis B patients who had been receiving nucleoside/nucleotide analogues for ≥3 months. A questionnaire was completed by patients themselves, and adherence was evaluated based on patients’ self-reporting. The use of at least 95% of the drugs in the previous month was considered as adequate adherence. Results: Adherence was adequate in 82.4% of patients. Female gender (p=0.003), unemployment (p=0.041) and lower monthly family income (p=0.001) were related to lower adherence. Better adherence was significantly linked to adequate basic knowledge regarding chronic hepatitis B (p=0.049), longer treatment duration than 12 months (p<0.001), previous use of other medications for chronic hepatitis B (p=0.014) and regular follow-up by the same physician (p<0.001). Conclusion: Counselling patients about their disease state and the consequences of non-adherence is an important intervention for enhancing adherence. Naïve patients should be followed up more frequently to reinforce adherenc