Efficacy of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate for infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: The aim was to compare ovulation induction protocols in anovulatory patients, who make up a significant percentage of infertility patients, and to determine the most appropriate treatment for patients in the clinic based on the findings.Methods: The effectiveness of clomiphene citrate (CC) and letrozole (aromatase inhibitor) in ovulation induction treatments were retrospectively compared in patients who applied for infertility in the last 5 years and were found to be anovulatory. 20 of these patients were being treated with clomiphene citrate, while the 18 were being treated with letrozole.Results: The study included a total of 38 anovulatory infertile patients. The mean age of the patients was found to be 29.3. When the endometrial thicknesses (ET) after the treatment were compared, the first group's mean EC was 6.1, while that of the second group was 9.05. The endometrial thicknesses measured after the treatments were found to be significantly different, which were consistent with other studies in the literature. Post-treatment ovulation responses were similar with 55% in both groups. In the evaluation of pregnancy outcomes, 20% of pregnancy was achieved in the first group and 33% in the second group.Conclusions: The use of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, may be suggested as an alternative to CC in the ovulation induction protocol in our clinical practice, particularly in obese patients

Analysis and Mitigation of Power Quality Issues in Distributed Generation Systems Using Custom Power Devices

This paper discusses the power quality issues for distributed generation systems based on renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy. A thorough discussion about the power quality issues is conducted here. This paper starts with the power quality issues, followed by discussions of basic standards. A comprehensive study of power quality in power systems, including the systems with dc and renewable sources is done in this paper. Power quality monitoring techniques and possible solutions of the power quality issues for the power systems are elaborately studied. Then, we analyze the methods of mitigation of these problems using custom power devices, such as D-STATCOM, UPQC, UPS, TVSS, DVR, etc., for micro grid systems. For renewable energy systems, STATCOM can be a potential choice due to its several advantages, whereas spinning reserve can enhance the power quality in traditional systems. At Last, we study the power quality in dc systems. Simpler arrangement and higher reliability are two main advantages of the dc systems though it faces other power quality issues, such as instability and poor detection of faults

Azotun bazı kışlık sebzelerde bitki gelişimine ve nitrat birikimine etkisi

The effects of nitrogen (N) on growth and nitrate (NO3) accumulation of four different leafy vegetable species, chard (Beta vulgaris cv. Chard), garden rocket (Eruca sativa), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were studied. The experiment was carried out in high plastic tunnel using sand culture. The experimental treatments consisted of 3 levels of N (110, 175 and 240 mg l-1). Each treatment was in 4 replicates. The plants were irrigated with half concentrated Hoagland's solution containing appropriate amount of N for 45 days and then test plants were harvested and separated into roots and leaves. Total fresh weight (g), leaf number, leaf dry matter (%), plant height (cm) and root length (cm) of test plants were determined. Nitrate and total N analyses were performed in leaf samples. The obtained data were evaluated with the least significant difference (LSD0.05) between treatments, derived from analysis of variance. The treatments of N increased growth parameters of the plants. Nitrogen contents of the leaves increased significantly. However the treatments did not cause a regular increase in NO3- concentration of the leaves of the plants.Bu Çalışmada azot (N) uygulamasının dört farklı kışlık sebzede, pazı (Beta vulgaris cv. Chard), roka (Eruca sativa), marul (Lactuca sativa) ve ıspanak (Spinacia oleracea), bitki gelişimi ve nitrat (NO3) birikimine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Deneme yüksek plastik tünel iÇinde kum kültürü kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 3 farklı N dozu (110, 175 ve 240 mg l-1) 4 tekrarlı olarak bitkilere uygulanmıştır. Bitkilere, uygun miktarlarda N iÇeren yarı yarıya seyreltilmiş Hoagland Çözeltileri 45 gün boyunca uygulanmış ve daha sonra hasat edilen bitkiler kök ve toprak üstü aksamlarına ayrılmıştır. Bitkilerin toplam yaş ağırlıkları (g), yaprak sayısı, yaprak kuru maddesi (%), bitki boyu (cm) ve kök uzunluğu (cm) belirlenmiştir. Yapraklarda nitrat (NO3-) ve toplam N analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuÇlara varyans analizi ve (LSD0.05) testi uygulanmıştır. Azot uygulaması bitki gelişimini arttırmıştır. Yaprakların N iÇeriği önemli düzeyde artmıştır. Bununla beraber uygulama tüm bitkilerde yaprakların NO3 iÇeriklerini düzenli bir şekilde arttırmamıştır

Investigation of morphometric parameters of mandibula processus coronoideus between sides

Aim: In our study, the relationship between mandible coronoid process and other mandible morphometric parameters in dry bones and it is aimed to compare these data between the sides. Materials and Methods: In the anatomy laboratory, 22 mandible from the bone collection were photographed in three different ways, from right-left lateral and posterior, using a digital camera. Measurements were performed on digital images using Image J software. Morphometric parameters of coronoid process and morphometric parameters of mandible ramus and body were determined. Coronoid process types were hooked, triangular, round and square. The parameters were compared between the two sides and correlation analysis was performed. Results: There was no significant difference between the right and left sides in all parameters. There was no difference between the parties in the percent distribution of processus coronoideus types. There was a high correlation between processus coronoideus area and processus coronoideus height on both sides (p <0.001). Correlation values of the processus coronoideus parameters on the right side were higher than the left side. Conclusion: For the differences in the morphometric parameter values between the coronoid process between the sides, further studies should be conducted in the developmental process up to childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Furthermore, further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of chewing side preference on processus coronoideus and to assess the differences in side/gender

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum incidence and clinical features in non-intubated patients with COVID-19

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the presentation characteristics and disease course of seven patients with COVID-19 who spontaneously developed pneumomediastinum without a history of mechanical ventilation.METHODS: A total of seven non-intubated patients with COVID-19, of age ranging from 18-67 years, who developed spontaneous pneumomediastinum between 01 April and 01 October 2020 were included in the study. Patients’ demographic data, clinical variables, and laboratory values were examined. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum was evaluated using posteroanterior chest radiography and thorax computed tomography.RESULTS: During the research period, 38,492 patients reported to the emergency department of our hospital with COVID-19 symptoms. Of these, spontaneous pneumomediastinum was detected in seven patients who had no previous history of intubation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2/7) and asthma bronchiale (2/7) were determined as the most common causes of comorbidity.CONCLUSION: In our study, the frequency of spontaneous pneumomediastinum developing without pneumothorax was found to be high in non-intubated patients. Whether this is related to the nature of the disease or it is a result of the increase in cases diagnosed incidentally owing to the increasing use of low-dose computed tomography should be explored in further studies

Environmental characteristics of older people attending physical medicine and rehabilitation outpatient clinics

Objective: A residential environment refers to the physical and social characteristics in a neighbourhood. The physical characteristics include interior housing qualities, exterior neighbourhood characteristics, and the accessibility of essential facilities and services outside the neighbourhood. Older adults especially may be vulnerable to the negative impacts of the residential environment. The aim of this study is to elucidate the problems ageing people face in their neighbourhoods, buildings and public areas. Methods: The study group consisted of a total of 1,001 people over the age of 65 who were admitted to physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics in Turkey and consented to participate. A questionnaire covering demographic, social and environmental information was used. Results: Of the study group, 58.6% was living in an apartment building, but only 23.6% of these buildings had an elevator, and the stairs were inconvenient in 46.7% of the buildings. Only 49% of the elderly people went for a walk regularly. The most frequent complaint about the hospitals, community health centres and other public areas was the inappropriate restroom conditions. Eighty-six percent of the study group were not members of an organization, a foundation or a group, and 73.6% did not have personal hobbies. Conclusions: The layouts of buildings and surroundings are inappropriate for older people, and the opportunities for them to participate in social activities are limited. Health and social programmes and governmental and local policies for older people are needed, and public awareness about this issue should be raised

BÜTÇE AÇIĞI - CARİ İŞLEMLER AÇIĞI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ 1992-2003

Bu çalışma ile bütçe ve cari işlem açıklarıarasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi ve nedenselliğin yönü Türkiye için araştırılmaktadır. Keynesyen görüşiki açık arasında ilişki olduğunu kabul ederken Ricardocu Eşitlik Hipotezi bunu reddetmektedir. 1992 – 2003 aylık verilerinden hareketle bu hipotezlerden hangisinin geçerli olduğu Granger nedensellik testi ve regresyon analizi yardımıyla sınanmaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarıTürkiye’de ele alınan dönem itibariyle iki açık arasında karşılıklıilişki bulunduğunu dolayısıyla Keynesyen Görüşün geçerli olduğunu yansıtmaktadır

Characteristics of 351 supernumerary molar teeth In Turkish population

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the demographic profile of supernumerary molar (SM) teeth in people in various regions of Turkey. Study Design: A retrospective analysis was carried out on an initial sample of 104,902 subjects drawn from the ortopantographics files from 10 clinics in 7 Turkish cities with documentation of demographic data, the presence of SM teeth, their location, eruption, morphology, and position within the arch. In one region associated patho­logies and treatments were also evaluated. Results: Three hundred fifty-one SMs were detected in 288 patients, constituting 0.33% of the study subjects, with a greater frequency in females (56.4%). SMs were found more frequently in the maxilla (87.7%) than in the mandible, and distomolars (62.9%) were more common than paramolars. The SMs encountered were mostly of conical shape (45.7%), impacted (81.1%), and in a vertical position (52.1). The 33% of SM teeth were related to impacted molar teeth. Conclusion: The most common complication involving these teeth was soft tissue irritation. Demographic data from such specific extensive studies are crucial for improved diagnosis of SM teeth. Early detection allows for measures against complications and more successful therapy

Konya il merkezinde hizmet veren iki hastanenin tiroidektomi endikasyonlarının değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Konya İl Merkezindeki iki farklı hastanenin Tiroidektomi uygulamalarını, endikasyonları bakımından karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Ocak 2007 ile Aralık 2008 tarihleri arasında Konya’da farklı iki A ve B hastaneleri hastanede tiroidektomi ameliyatı geçiren hastaların dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların yaş, cins, tiroit fonksiyon testleri TFT , tiroit ultrasonografi USG bulguları, yapıldıysa tiroit ince iğne aspirasyon biyopsileri İİAB raporları ve tiroit ameliyat raporları bulunanlar çalışmaya alındı. İki hastanenin tiroidektomi ameliyatı yapılan hastaları ameliyat endikasyonları ve malignite tespiti bakımından birbiriyle karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: İki yıllık süre içinde A hastanesinde 60, B hastanesinde 223 hastaya tiroidektomi ameliyatı yapılmıştı. Hastaların yaş ortalaması sırasıyla 53 , 49 idi. İki guruptaki vakalar cins, yaş ve dominant nodül çapları bakımından benzerdi. A hastanesinde tiroidektomi kararında klinik, USG ve İİAB ile belirlenen malignite riski öne çıkarken, B hastanesinde ise palpable nodül varlığı, USG’ de nodülün 1 cm den büyük olması ve USG ile malignite şüphesi tespit edilmiş olması yeterli idi. A hastanesinde basit nodüler guatrlı 53 hastanın 19 unda % 35.8 İİAB yapılmıştı. B hastanesinde hiç bir hastaya İİAB yapılmamıştı. A hastanesinde genel malignite oranı % 25, B hastanesinde ise % 13 idi p=0.028 . Sonuç: Nodüler guatrlarda, klinik, US ve İİAB’ nin birlikte kullanımı ile malignite riski daha iyi belirlenebilir. Ameliyat veya takip kararı buna göre verilmelidi