Passive Spectacles and Resilient Heroines: Examining the Female Gaze in Cinematic Adaptations of The Scarlet Letter, The Last of the Mohicans, and Little Women

In her 1975 article, Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, Laura Mulvey writes, Unchallenged, mainstream film coded the erotic into the language of the dominant patriarchal order (60). She argues that in film, this patriarchal language produces images of women who are displayed for the erotic enjoyment of male spectators, playing out male subconscious erotic fantasies on screen. Using Mulvey\u27s articles as a theoretical framework, I look for evidence of the active female gaze in the cinematic adaptations of 1he Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850, The Last of the Mohicans written by James Fenimore Cooper in 1826 and Little Women written by Louisa May Alcott in 1868. For each chapter of my thesis, I examine a pair of adaptations beginning with the 1934 and 1995 versions of the Scarlet Letter, followed by the 1936 and 1992 versions of The Last of the Mohicans, and concluding with the 1933 and 1994 versions of Little Women. Each of the earlier films from the 1930s is encoded in this patriarchal structure to some degree. Mulvey\u27s essay Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema was published in 1975. While her theories on patriarchal encryption can be seen in the films from the 1930s, advances in areas such as equal rights, political correctness, and affirmative action have influenced the filmmakers of the later 1990s films. Due to the changes in the political atmosphere, each of the three films from the 1990s demonstrate a greater awareness of the female audience and struggle to allow women to have a strong gaze

Stigma of the Mentally Ill Among University of Tennessee, Knoxville Students

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, 2009), suicide kills nearly 100 people in the United States each day. Suicide rates among college-aged students are higher than among the general population; with suicide as the second leading cause of death among this age group (CDC). In addition to the heightened levels of suicide among the population suffering from mental illness, stigma compounds the issues affecting this population (Link & Phelan, 2001). In response to these issues, communities around the world have reacted with community intervention campaigns, both to combat suicide and to reduce stigma. The dissertation study will examine the issues of suicide, stigma and community-based intervention campaigns within the context of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville’s campus

Development and Application of Quantitative Gene Expression Assays in Wild-Caught, Non-Model Fish Species

The Great Lakes Basin is the most significant freshwater resource in North America. It is a central location for diverse anthropogenic enterprises and consequently has been heavily impacted by the release of toxic substances. Environmental studies increasingly identify the presence of both contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and legacy contaminants in aquatic environments; however, the biological effects of these compounds on resident fishes remain largely unknown. To address this issue, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Contaminants Programs initiated a multiagency, collaborative study which included chemical analysis of water and benthic sediment, assessment of caged fathead minnows and assessment of wild fish health using a suite of biological endpoints. In an effort to accurately and efficiently assess the ecological risks of complex chemical mixtures through the integration and synthesis of data from many levels of biological organization, sequence databases for non-model, resident fish species were required. This dissertation contains chapters that describe; 1.) The development of partial transcriptomes for three wild-caught, resident fish species 2.) The utilization of these sequence databases in the development of quantitative gene expression assays 3.) The application of these assays in both laboratory and environmental analyses and 4.) The use of transcriptome sequence databases in the identification of a novel virus

Violent Video Game Playing, Aggression and Wellbeing in Emerging Adulthood

Purpose This study aimed to explore the relationship between level of violence in video games played problem game playing and engagement in gaming aggression empathy and wellbeing Method This study used an online survey with questionnaire data collection in a sample of 304 emerging adults aged between 18 and 24 years of age 124 males and 180 females Findings The model proposed was supported by the data and suggests that the relationship between violence in games and aggression and empathy is mediated by engagement and addictive tendencies and the impact on wellbeing is largely through aggression and empathy Conclusions We conclude that future research should take cognisance of these mediational factors and consider the developmental stage of participants in order to get a clearer picture of effect

Violent Video Game Playing, Aggression and Wellbeing in Emerging Adulthood

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the relationship between level of violence in videogames played, problem game playing and engagement in gaming, aggression, empathy andwellbeing.Method:This study used an online survey with questionnaire data collection in a sample of 304emerging adults aged between 18 and 24 years of age, 124 males and 180 females.Findings:The model proposed was supported by the data and suggests that the relationshipbetween violence in games and aggression and empathy is mediated by engagement andaddictive tendencies, and the impact on wellbeing is largely through aggression and empathy.Conclusions:We conclude that future research should take cognisance of these mediationalfactors and consider the developmental stage of participants in order to get a clearer picture ofeffects

Like a Boss: Moving from the Front Lines into Middle Management

Can an academic librarian who has only worked on the front lines compete with those who have supervisory experience for middle management positions? What traits are hiring committees looking for in middle managers for public services, especially in applicants with no prior supervisory experience? While the literature does provide tips and advice for new managers, as yet there are no studies examining what hiring committees look for in middle management applicants. This study has taken a three-pronged approach to data collection: a qualitative study consisting of interviews with academic librarians who have served on hiring committees for middle-management positions, and with public services librarians who have recently made the transition from the front lines to their first supervisory position; and an analysis of the preferred and required qualifications in job ads for middle-management public services positions in academic libraries from the last five years. The results provide guidance on the steps frontline academic librarians can take in order to successfully translate their abilities, knowledge, and skills into their first supervisory position. There is currently no other study in the literature that examines the traits and attitudes that hiring committees are looking for in middle managers, or one that compares and contrasts those factors with the qualifications listed in job ads for similar positions

Qualities of Academic Librarians Who Advance into Middle Management: An Exploratory Factor Analysis

The path to management is difficult for academic librarians without formal supervisory experience, especially in public services. However, little research on how frontline librarians without supervisory experience advance into middle management has been conducted. To determine the extent to which a relationship between certain personal characteristics and librarians’ likelihood to advance exists, a survey was administered to public services librarians who had been promoted into middle management within the previous 5 years. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that charismatic presence, long-term thinking, instruction experience, customer service orientation, interpersonal skills, and ability to achieve tenure/promotion in rank contributed to librarians’ successful advancement

Élisabeth Lusset, Crime, châtiments et grâce dans les monastères au Moyen Âge (xiie-xve siècle)

Cet excellent livre constitue un complément bienvenu à l’histoire sociale et culturelle du monachisme occidental au Moyen Âge. L’enquête et l’analyse d’Élisabeth Lusset portent sur une diversité de sources normatives et narratives se rapportant aux crimes commis par des moines, des moniales et des chanoines réguliers. En rassemblant une documentation dispersée, l’auteure apporte une contribution nouvelle à l’historiographie du crime et du châtiment au Moyen Âge, aux travaux sur le sens de la ..

Effects of Bupropion on Sign-tracking

Sign-tracking is defined as the tendency of an organism to engage with a conditioned stimulus that has been paired with a rewarding unconditioned stimulus. Sign-tracking behavior may be comparable to the behavior drug addicts demonstrate when going through a period of relapse after being exposed to a stimulus they associate with drug use. A medication that reduces sign-tracking could be used to aid in drug addiction treatment. In this study, we investigate the effect of bupropion on sign tracking behavior, hoping to explore if this drug can aid in drug addiction treatment. Subjects were 48 male Sprague Dawley rats. In order to measure sign tracking, operant chambers were used. Subjects were conditioned over the course of 5 days to associate the presence of a lever with food delivery. Then subjects were tested under the influence of 0, 20,40, or 60 Mg/kg of Bupropion. In the present study, Significant differences were found and Bupropion was found to reduce sign tracking

Effects of Escitalopram on Sign-Tracking

Sign tracking is a phenomenon in organisms in which they are likely to approach a cue for appetitive stimuli. This behavior is important in drug addiction and likelihood of relapse. The aim of the current 32 study is to examine the sign tracking and goal tracking behaviors of rats when different doses of Escitalopram are administered to them. We hypothesize that sign tracking behaviors will decrease when Escitalopram is administered. Subjects are 31 male Sprague Dawley rats. Sign and goal tracking behaviors are measured using operant chambers. Upon analyzing the data with a repeated measures ANOVA, we found that among the strongest sign trackers, administration of escitalopram reduced their sign tracking as hypothesized. Implications of these findings can be applied to drug addiction rehabilitation and relapse in humans. Further research needs to be done, but SSRIs may be an effective adjunctive treatment for drug addiction