ASSESSMENT OF DENTAL FLUOROSIS IN CHILDREN OF JAIPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Objective: The objective of the present study was carried out to explore the potential association between fluoride concentration in drinking water and severity of dental fluorosis (DF) in the children.Methods: The study of dental fluorosis (DF) in the children (6-14 years old) was conducted in the two blocks (a) Jamwaramgarh block ;Heerawala, Palera ,Nayabas, Saipur and Birasana, (b) Amber block; Jugalpura, Chitanukalan, Sunder ka bas, Peelwa and Sirsali of Jaipur district, Rajasthan, India of the study villages. Total 150, children were surveyed. The role of fluoride (F) levels in drinking water in the etiology of dental fluorosis (DF) and the cases of dental fluorosis (DF) in both dentitions and teeth were also assessed using DEAN'S classification. The fluoride (F) concentration in source of drinking water was estimated by fluoride (F) ion specific electrode (Thermo Scientific Orion Star A329, USA).Results: The F concentration in (Tube well and Hand pump) water ranges from 0.7 to 15.0 parts per million (ppm) in Jamwaramgarh block and 1.40 to 5. 10 parts per million (ppm) in Amber block. Prevalence of dental fluorosis (DF) 27 (36%) in Jamwaramgar block and 26 (34.66%) in Amber block out of 75 children were examined in each block. Significantly increase in levels of F in drinking water is positively correlated with dental fluorosis.Conclusion: This study finding has shown the relation of dental fluorosis (DF) to high fluoride (F) levels in drinking water sources. A higher fluoride (F) levels in source of drinking water is a major risk factor for dental fluorosis. In view of the severity of the problem the intake of calcium rich foods and defluoridation techniques may help reducing risk of dental fluorosis (DF) in the children.Â

PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AMONG ADULT POPULATION IN SLUMS OF WEST DELHI

Objective: The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of hypertension in adult population residing in slums of West Delhi.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult population of 18-59 years residing in urban slums of West Delhi. Blood pressure was measured using digital machine (OMRON). The data obtained were analyzed for percent prevalence, mean, standard deviation, and median. Joint National Committee (JNC)on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC)VI and JNC VII criteria were used to classify hypertension.Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 25.3%. The prevalence was higher (27.9%)in males than females (22.8%)and also in the age group 46-59 years (43.0%)as compared to 18-45 years (19.8%). The overall prevalence of prehypertension, Stage I and Stage II hypertension, respectively, was 35.2%, 16.1% and 9.2%.Conclusion: A one-fourth of the adult population is hypertensive. Early diagnosis and treatment are advisable, besides awareness about dietary and lifestyle modification

Association of COL1A2 gene polymorphism with dental fluorosis in children of Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India

In India major districts are affected through dental fluorosis. In the Rajasthan, almost all the districts are affected from the fluorosis due to excess ingestion of fluoride through drinking water. Fluoride content calculated in the drinking water and blood through fluoride ion specific electrode method. A case-control study was conducted in two blocks (Jamwaramgarh, Amber) of Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India to investigate the COL1A2 gene polymorphisms with relation to dental fluorosis in Indian children (6-14 years). COL1A2 gene polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Two sites (rs2621208, rs414408) were analyzed for the polymorphism. PCR performed for respective amplicon size for RsaI (865bp) and PvuII (401bp). For the rs414408, PCR product (401bp) was digested with Pvu II enzyme and band pattern was C/C for 240 and 161 bp band, A/C/T for 401,240 and 161 bp band, A/A, T/T 401 bp band. In the control sample pattern type is A/C/T. In the fluorosis affected patients sample band pattern is C/C, A/C/T and C/C. For the rs2621208 site, PCR product (865 bp) was digested with Rsa-I enzyme and expected band pattern was C/C for 412,301,128 and 24 bp band, G/C for 412, 301,152, 128 and 24 bp band, G/G 412, 301 and 152 bp band. In the control sample pattern type is A/C/T. In the fluorosis affected patients sample band pattern is C/C, G/C and G/G. An association between dental fluorosis and the COL1A2 gene polymorphism was observed in fluoride-exposed populations of Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India

Model rural health research unit's NS1-based serosurveillance recommends for vector control in rural villages of Jaipur district, Rajasthan, India

Background: Infectious diseases are important public health issues in India. Rajasthan state reported 20,749 numbers of dengue fever (DF) cases in 2021, which was 10.73% of the country's total dengue cases. Aims and objectives: The aim of the study was to diagnose fever cases in the nearby villages of Model Rural Health Research Unit (MRHRU) through the use of its diagnostic facility and to mitigate the diseases using appropriate control methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a community health center (CHC)-based serosurveillance study. The study subjects were the patients who reported at the Outpatient Department of the CHCs Bhanpur Kalan and Jamwa Ramgarh of Jaipur district in Rajasthan with clinical suspicion of DF. The study was conducted for 6 months from July to December. The serum samples received from CHC Bhanpur Kalan and Jamwa Ramgarh were tested for the detection of dengue antibodies against NS1 antigen at MRHRU. Results: A total of 148 blood samples were received from CHC and were diagnosed with dengue NS1 at MRHRU. Out of 148 serum samples, 79 were male and 69 were female. Among the 148 samples subjected to the NS1 dengue enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test, 33.1% were found to be positive for dengue, 63.5% were negative, and 3.37% were equivocal. Out of the 113 samples of Jamwa Ramgarh, 31.8% were found to be NS1 positive and 2.65% were equivocal, wherein 35 serum samples of Amber block were tested for diagnosis of NS1 test, and out of them, 37.14% were NS1 positive and 5.71% were equivocal. Conclusion: The number of dengue cases was observed to be higher, and control measure was taken to stop the spreading of the disease. Early and proper diagnosis of dengue cases is helpful in the treatment and control of disease. MRHRU facility was found to be effective in the containment of the disease

ASSESSMENT OF SKELETAL FLUOROSIS AMONG CHILDREN IN TWO BLOCKS OF RURAL AREA, JAIPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Objective: The objective of the present study was carried out to explore the potential association between fluoride (F) concentration in drinking water and severity of skeletal fluorosis (SF) among the children of rural area.Methods: SF survey was conducted among the children (6-14 years) in two blocks such as (a) Jamwa Ramgarh block in Heerawala, Palera, Nayabas, Saipur, and Birasana and (b) Amber block in Sunder Ka Bas, Chitanukalan, Jugalpura, Peelwa, and Sirsali in Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India, of the study villages. A total of 150 (93 male and 57 female) children were surveyed. The role of fluoride (F) concentration in drinking water in the etiology of SF and the cases of SF was assessed using. The United Nations Children's Fund three clinical test. The fluoride content in the source of drinking water was estimated by fluoride ion-specific electrode (Thermo Scientific Orion Star A329, USA).Results: The fluoride concentration in hand pump (Hp) water which ranges from 2.1 to 15 parts per million (ppm) and tube well (Tw) water ranges from 0.7 to 6.2 ppm in Jamwa Ramgarh block and Amber block, Hp water which ranges from 0.8 to 5.1 ppm and Tw water ranges from 0.8 to 4.8 ppm. The prevalence of SF 9 (12%) in Jamwa Ramgarh block and 6 (8%) in Amber block out of 75 children were examined in each block. Significantly increase in fluoride level in drinking water is positively correlated with SF.Conclusion: This study has shown the relation of SF to high fluoride levels in the source of drinking water is a major risk factor for SF among the children. SF is a threat among the children in two blocks of rural area, Jaipur district, Rajasthan

Asymptomatic Infection with Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Disease-Endemic Area in Bihar, India

A prospective study was carried out in a cohort of 355 persons in a leishmaniasis-endemic village of the Patna District in Bihar, India, to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic persons and rate of progression to symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases. At baseline screening, 50 persons were positive for leishmaniasis by any of the three tests (rK39 strip test, direct agglutination test, and polymerase chain reaction) used. Point prevalence of asymptomatic VL was 110 per 1,000 persons and the rate of progression to symptomatic cases was 17.85 per 1,000 person-months. The incidence rate ratio of progression to symptomatic case was 3.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75–15.01, P = 0.09) among case-contacts of VL compared with neighbors. High prevalence of asymptomatic persons and clinical VL cases and high density of Phlebotomus argentipes sand flies can lead to transmission of VL in VL-endemic areas