The Role Of Secondary Vaccine Failure In Measles outbreaks

ABSTRAK An outbreak of measles in 1985-1986 in a community where measles vaccine trials had been carried out from 1974-1976 allowed the assessment of the role of secondaryvaccine failures in previously immunized children. A total of 188 children from the vaccine trial were followed. Of these, 175 seroconverted initially while 13 (6 percent) required re-immunization (primary failure). A total of 13 cases of measles, eight of which were laboratory and/or physician-confirmed, were reported in this cohort. Of these, nine cases occurred in the 175 subjects who had hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralizing antibody responses following the initial immunization. These nine cases represent secondary vaccine failures. An additional four cases occured in the 13 subjects with primary vaccine failure. We conclude that secondary vaccine failures occur and that while primary failures account for most cases, secondary vaccine failures contribute to the occurrence of measles cases in an epidemic. A booster dose of measles vaccine may be necessary to reduce susceptibility to a sufficiently low level to allow the goal of measles elimination to be achieved. Key word : vaccin

Canada’s multiple voices diplomacy in climate change negotiations: a focus on Québec

Abstract: This article sheds light on the complexity of international climate change negotiations in a federal country, like Canada, where there is no clear attribution of full power over international negotiation concerning this issue. Climate change is a multi-level and multi-stakeholder issue, one that can only be tackled successfully if all actors, at all levels of government, are involved in the process. In recent years, Canadian provinces, especially Québec, have become intensely involved in climate change paradiplomacy. That situation has led to a Canadian paradox where the Government of Québec worked to respect the Kyoto Protocol and act accordingly, while Canada opted out of the Protocol in 2011

Irradiation effects in degassed and oxygen-doped niobium

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D44953/83 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Malcom V. Meekison Oral History

An oral history interview of military veteran Malcom V. Meekison originally conducted under the auspices of the Library of Congress Veterans History Project

Relocation of and changes to existing gaming facilities in British Columbia : review and recommendations

The focus of this report was to recommend processes for the relocation of and changes to existing gaming facilities and the criteria to be employed in these processes

Whither Western Canada?

Item consists of a digitized copy of an audio recording of a Vancouver Institute lecture given by Peter Meekison on November 20, 1982. Original video recording available in the University Archives (UBC AT 1032).Non UBCUnreviewedOthe