Exposure and risk assessment of Staphylococcus aureus in food chain in Slovakia

Foods can been contaminated by S. aureus usually as a result of unhygienic behaviour of staff or improper conducted technological procedures. Compared to saprophytic bacteria, S. aureus does not possess significant competitive properties; however its epidemiological potential consists in multiplication to density higher than 106 cfu/g and formation of heat-resistant enterotoxins by which it causes food poisoning. Based on the data in 2001, the risk was characterized as follows: S. aureus is almost ubiquitous in ewes’ milk. It is likely that it can increase its numbers by more than 3 log cfu/g and exceed the densities from 105-106 cfu/g for a short period, particularly at farm conditions. It is unlikely that it can succeed in competition with active lactic acid bacteria when they are present in higher numbers in ewes’ milk. While exposure of S. aureus through consumption of lump ewes’ cheese made ​​from raw milk is high, its consequences are mild and severity may be assessed as negligible. The overall risk is considered as low. A kind of confirmation provides the official incidence of staphylococcal poisoning which is 0.2 per 100,000 populations (lower than the EU average of 0.6/100,000)

Effect of different environmental factors on the growth dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus in model medium

As the strains of S. aureus growing during fermentation of raw milk cheeses are exposed to the competitive growth of lactic acid bacteria and their metabolites, in this work, we characterized the growth of the strain S. aureus 2064 isolated from such environment against of water activity values and incubation temperature. Water activity of the tested media was adjusted by NaCl in the range from 0 % to 20.72 % and the experiments were carried out at 37 °C. It was found that the strain under study showed growth until NaCl concentration of 19.95 % in PCA broth. The complete growth cessation of S. aureus 2064 was observed at NaCl concentration higher than 20.72 %. The effect of water activity on the S. aureus 2064 lag-phase duration was described by the modified Davey model with discrepancy of 24.6 %. The growth rate dependence on water activity was described more precisely and reliably by Gibson model that provided the following validation indices: bias factor 0.999 and discrepancy factor 9.6 %. Based on the results we can conclude that secondary models used in this work were suitable to predict growth of S. aureus 2064, originally the ewes´cheese isolate

Study of Warehouse Management in Distribution Center of Selected Company

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou podnikových procesů spojených se skladovým hospodářstvím v jednom z distribučních středisek pivovarského koncernu, ve kterém tento návrh vede k aktuálnímu řešení využívání nových skladových a informačních technologií.This thesis deals with the business processes related to warehouse management in one of distribution centers of the brewing group in which this draft leads to an up-to-date solution to the use of new warehouse and infromation technologies.

"Moderní otroctví": Současná situace zahraničních pracovnic v domácnostech v zemích Zálivu

(in English): This study takes a closer look at the current situation of female domestic workers working the households of the Arab Gulf. It deals with the history of slavery in the observed region, definitions of modern slavery, migration policies of both, the states of origin and the host countries of domestic workers. It examines the kafāla sponsorship system, which plunges domestic workers into conditions that allow their exploitation. The work will further focus on analysing their current situation of individual households paying attention to circumstances preceding this situation. In this context, the author wonders whether their situation can be considered a 'modern slavery'. The conclusion of the observation confirmed that the conditions examined by domestic workers in the Gulf fulfil the attributes of modern slavery.česky Práce se zaměřuje na přiblížení situace, v níž se nacházejí zahraniční pracovnice, které přicházejí pracovat do domácností v zemích Zálivu. Blíže se věnuje historii otroctví v tomto regionu, definování moderního otroctví, migračním politikám států vysílajících domácí pracovní sílu i těm, které ji přijímají. Zkoumá sponzorský systém kafāla, který domácí pracovnice uvrhuje do situace umožňující vykořisťování. Práce se dále soustředí na analýzu jejich současné situace v jednotlivých domácnostech, přičemž věnuj do této situace dostávají. V tomto kontextu si autorka klade otázku, zda jejich situaci můžeme považovat za "moderní otroctví". V závěru pozorování se potvrdilo, že zkoumané podmínky domácích pracovnic v Zálivu splňují atributy moderního otroctví.Department of Middle Eastern StudiesKatedra Blízkého východuFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art

The Proposal of Standard Implementation in the Process of Supply and Storage at Pivovary Lobkowicz, a.s.

Tato bakalářská práce se zaměřuje na zavedení firemních standardů do procesu zásobování a skladování zásob a optimalizaci těchto procesů v pivovaru Jihlava společnosti Pivovary Lobkowicz, a.s. Obsahuje analýzu současného stavu, identifikaci problémů a nedostatků, jejich vyhodnocení a navržení opatření, která by zjištěné problémy a nedostatky zmírnila nebo odstranila, což povede k efektivnějšímu využití firemních nákladů, jako jsou čas, zaměstnanci, materiál a jiné.This thesis focuses on the implementation of corporate standards in the supply chain and inventory storage and optimalization of these processes in brewery Jihlava of the company Pivovary Lobkowicz, a.s. It contains an analysis of the current situation, identify problems and defeciencies, evaluate them and propose measures to alleviate or eliminate them, thereby contributing to a more efficient use of corporate costs, such as time, staff, materials and others.

Vliv suplementace prebiotikem na neonatální vývoj u potkanů

Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences University of Barcelona, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology Student: Martina Medveďová Supervisor: PharmDr. Eva Doleželová, Ph.D. Consultant: Dr. Francisco José Pérez Cano, Ph.D. Study program: Pharmacy Title of diploma thesis: The effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on neonatal development in rats Human breast milk is considered a gold standard in infant nutrition due to its multiple evident benefits on human health. However, breastfeeding is not always possible for various reasons; thus, it is a huge challenge to provide infant formulae which best mimic the composition and effects of human milk. Prebiotics added to infant formulae may greatly contribute to these prospective notable improvements in infant nutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a novel dietary prebiotic supplementation (under patent) on growth, fecal consistency, and immune maturation in suckling rats. G14 Lewis suckling rats were distributed into 2 experimental groups (n = 21/group): reference and prebiotic group. Vehicle or the prebiotic was administered by oral gavage daily from day 2 to 16 of life. Animals were weighed daily and their size and...Univerzita Karlova, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové, Katedra biologických a lékařských věd University of Barcelona, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology Studentka: Martina Medveďová Školitel: PharmDr. Eva Doleželová, Ph.D. Konzultant: Dr. Francisco José Pérez Cano, Ph.D. Studijní obor: Farmacie Název diplomové práce: Vliv suplementace prebiotikem na neonatální vývoj u potkanů Mateřské mléko je považováno za zlatý standard v kojenecké výživě díky jeho mnohým zjevným přínosům pro lidské zdraví. Kojení však z různých důvodů není vždy možné, proto je obrovskou výzvou poskytnout kojeneckou formuli, která nejlépe napodobuje složení a účinky lidského mléka. Prebiotika přidaná do kojenecké formule mohou výrazně přispět k těmto potenciálním důležitým zlepšením výživy kojenců. Cílem této studie bylo zhodnotit vliv suplementace novým prebiotikem (pod patentovou ochranou) na celkový růst, fekální konzistenci a neonatální imunitní vývoj u potkanů. G14 Lewis kojená mláďata potkanů byla rozdělena do 2 experimentálních skupin (n = 21/skupinu): referenční a prebiotická skupina. Vehikulum nebo prebiotikum bylo denně podáváno perorální žaludeční sondou od 2. do 16. dne života. Zvířata byla denně vážena a jejich velikost a související proměnné byly měřeny v den 8 a 16....Katedra biologických a lékařských vědDepartment of Biological and Medical SciencesFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéFarmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králov

Growth dynamic of ewes’ lump cheese microflora

The preparation of ewes’ lump cheese has been known in Slovakia for a long time. It is made from raw or pasteurized ewes’ milk, especially due to the activity of lactic acid bacteria. The encouragement of the acidification process by the starters is profitable to use with the respect to the quality of the product. In our study we focused on the growth analysis of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in ewes’ cheeses prepared in laboratory conditions with or without addition of starter culture from raw or heat treated milk. According to our experimental data, the addition of the lactic acid bacteria culture and the following pH decrease on the levels lower than 5.0 for 1 to 2 days were able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli on concentrations lower than 104 CFU/g required by European Union legislation. The growth data found in this work may provide the information for food technologists and microbiologists to get the studied organisms under the control

Co-administration of amygdalin and deoxynivalenol disrupted regulatory proteins linked to proliferation of porcine ovarian cells in vitro

Deoxynivalenol (DON) represents one of the most prevalent trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, causing economic and health impacts. On the other hand, amygdalin has been demonstrated to possess both prophylactic and curative properties, thus it has been used as a traditional drug because of its wide range of medicinal benefits, including curing or preventing cancer, relieving fever, suppressing cough, and quenching thirst. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate potential effects of natural product amygdalin combined with mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) on the key regulators of cell proliferation and apoptosis in porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Ovarian granulosa cells were incubated for 24h with amygdalin (1, 10, 100, 1000, 10 000 μg.mL-1) combined with deoxynivalenol (1 μg.mL-1), while the control group remained untreated. The presence of proliferative (cyclin B1, PCNA) and apoptotic markers (caspase-3) in porcine ovarian granulosa cells after amygdalin treatment (1, 10, 100, 1000, 10 000 μg.mL-1) combined with deoxynivalneol (1 μg.mL-1) was detected by immunocytochemistry. The presence of proliferative (cyclin B1, PCNA) and apoptotic markers (caspase-3) in porcine ovarian granulosa cells was detected by immunocytochemistry. Co-administration of amygdalin plus DON significantly (p <0.05) increased the number of granulosa cells containing cyclin B1 and PCNA at all tested concetrations, when compared to control. However, percentage of granulosa cells containing major apoptotic marker caspase-3 did not differ after co-administration of amygdalin and DON. In summary, results form this in vitro study indicate that co-exposure of amygdalin and deoxynivalenol  may act to stimulate proliferation-associated peptides in porcine ovarian granulosa cells, and thus alter cell proliferation and normal follicular development