N-(2-Pyridylmeth­yl)phthalimide

In the title compound, C14H10N2O2, the phtalimide and 2-pyridylmethyl units are almost perpendicular, with an inter­planar angle of 85.74 (2)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O inter­actions, forming chains running along the b axis. The packing is further stabilized by offset π–π inter­actions between adjacent pyridine rings, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.855 (2) Å

COVID-19 in the Community: Changes to Women's Mental Health, Financial Security, and Physical Activity

Introduction This study describes changes in the mental health, financial security, and physical activity levels of women in North Carolina during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Data were collected from women aged 20–40 years receiving primary care at 2 health centers in North Carolina during 2020–2022. Surveys (N=127) evaluated changes in mental health, financial security, and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. These outcomes were analyzed both descriptively and for association with sociodemographic factors using logistic regression. A subset of participants (n=46) participated in semistructured interviews. Interview transcripts were reviewed and evaluated for recurring themes by primary and secondary coders using a rapid-coding technique. Analysis was conducted in 2022. Results Women surveyed were 28.4% non-Hispanic White, 38.6% non-Hispanic Black, and 33.1% Hispanic/Latina. Compared with reports before the pandemic, participants reported increased frustration or boredom (69.1%), loneliness (51.6%), anxiety (64.3%), depression (52.4%), and changed sleep patterns (68.3%). Increased alcohol and other recreational substance use were associated with race and ethnicity (p<0.05) after adjustment for other sociodemographic factors. Participants reported difficulty in paying for basic expenses (44.0%). Financial difficulties during COVID-19 were associated with non-Hispanic Black race and ethnicity, less education, and lower prepandemic household income. Data showed pandemic-associated reductions in mild (32.8%), moderate (39.5%), and strenuous (43.3%) exercise, with a correlation between increased depression and reduced mild exercise. Interviews identified themes including reduced activity while working remotely, lack of gym access, and reduced motivation for exercise. Conclusions This mixed-methods study is one of the first to evaluate the mental health, financial security, and physical activity challenges women aged between 20 and 40 years in the southern U.S. faced during the COVID-19 pandemic

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Caracterización de la vegetación forestal, usos y diversidad de especies de la vegetación forestal en la Reserva Privada Escameda Grande, San Juan del Sur, Rivas

El presente trabajo se realizó en la R eserva Privada Escameda Grande localizada en el municipio de S an Juan del Sur, departamento de Rivas, co n el objetivo de caracterizar la vegetación forestal, usos y diversidad de especies, esto se realizó a través de un inventario con un diseño sistemático con una intensidad de muestreo del 0. 32% y toma de datos inicial en Parcela de Muestreo P ermanentes (PMP) con una intensidad del 100%. En el inve ntario sistemático se identificaron 77 espec ies en donde la estructura diamé trica corresponde a la forma de una “J “invertida, las clases de altura se concentra n en la categoría de 9 - 10m de alt ura, un total 13 usos pero el má s utilizado es el de leña y en el b osque predominan árboles curvos, la mayoría sin presencia de lianas ni daños y la es pecie ecológicamente má s importante es Guazuma ulmifolia . En c uanto a las Parcelas de Muestreo permanente, para la vegetación fustal se identificaron 48 especies, en la vegetación latizal alto 11 especies, en latiz al bajo 13 especies. La estructura horizontal en la vegetación fustal y latizal bajo sigue la tendencia de una “J” invertida , en el caso de latizal alto no presenta la forma esperada debido a las perturbaciones antropogénicas que ha sufrido. Para el Latiz al bajo , en cuanto a los parámetros silviculturales se encontr ó que en su mayoría presentan fuste s con leves curvaturas sin lianas y vigorosos. Se determinó la diversidad florística utilizando el índice de Shannon en las Parcelas de Muestreo Permanente ub icadas en dos tipos bosque (bosque seco y bosque de galería) según, la prueba T para comparación del índice de Shannon - Weaver , indica que no hay diferencias significativas entre los dos tipos de bosqu

Los colores de la justicia, códices jurídicos del siglo XVI en la Bibliothèque Nationale de France

The colors of justice : 16 th century juridical codices in the Bibliothèque nationale de France The study of law and justice implemented by the Spanish colonial authorities over Indian communities deserves more research, especially in the early period (16 th century). We believed that most of the pictographical sources {codices) were used by several Indian communities in the central area of New Spain as legal documentation in various types of judicial and civil conflicts. In this article we present two research projects focused on the study of several Mexican legal codices, most of them unpublished, found in the National Library of France, Mexican Section. Both projects are complementary, and their main goals are to understand the way how Spanish colonial administration imparted justice over the native population as part of the fundamental mechanisms of the colonial system in 16 th century New Spain. And also, the way how the Indians reacted to this system.Les dessins de la justice : codex judiciaires du xvf siècle à la Bibliothèque nationale de France Les formes de justice mises en œuvre par les autorités coloniales à l'égard des communautés indigènes sont un des éléments du projet politique de la couronne espagnole en Amérique. Elles ont affecté de multiples aspects de la culture indienne, ce dont témoignent les « codex judiciaires » du XVIe siècle. Ce type de documents et leurs implications ont été fort peu étudiés. Dans ce travail, on présentera deux projets de recherche en cours qui s'attachent à l'analyse et à la mise en contexte historique d'un vaste corpus de documents pictographiques « judiciaires » conservés à la Bibliothèque nationale de France (fonds mexicain). Les deux projets sont complémentaires. Ils tentent de comprendre comment l'exercice de la justice au sein de la population indienne a été un des mécanismes fondamentaux du système colonial au xvie siècle et comment les Indiens ont réagi à ce système.La procuración de la justicia colonial sobre la sociedad indígena como parte del proyecto político de la corona española en América, trascendió a múltiples aspectos de su cultura, los cuales quedaron registrados durante el siglo XVI en códices jurídicos. Sin embargo, consideramos que este tipo de problemas ha sido poco estudiado. En este trabajo, presentamos dos proyectos de investigación centrados en el estudio, análisis y contextualización histórica de un importante corpus pictográfico jurídico que se localiza en el fondo mexicano de la Biblioteca nacionál de Francia. Ambos proyectos son complementarios. Buscan entender cómo el ejercicio de la justicia entre la población indigena fue uno de los mecanismos básicos del sistema colonial durante el siglo XVI y cómo los indígenas reaccionaron a este sistema.Ruiz Medrano Ethelia, Valle Perla. Los colores de la justicia, códices jurídicos del siglo XVI en la Bibliothèque Nationale de France. In: Journal de la Société des Américanistes. Tome 84 n°2, 1998. pp. 227-241

Positive and negative emotions in high perfomance soccer players

En este trabajo se presentan tres investigaciones que toman como variable central de estudio las emociones positivas y negativas que experimentan futbolistas de alto rendimiento. El primer estudio evalúa la relación existente entre la edad de los futbolistas y los niveles de emociones positivas y negativas. El segundo estudio indaga los cambios emocionales ocurridos luego de un encuentro deportivo. El tercer estudio indaga la relación existente entre emociones y bienestar psicológico. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren que los futbolistas de alto rendimiento se ven más expuestos a experimentar emociones negativas y en consecuencia presentar menores niveles de bienestar psicológico, sobretodo en futbolistas de menor edad. En función de ello se destaca la importancia de desarrollar nuevas investigaciones tendientes considerar la influencia de los factores emocionales y el uso de estrategias de regulación emocional sobre el comportamiento de deportistas de alto rendimiento.In this paper we present three investigations in which positive and negative emotions are the central concepts considered in high performance soccer players. The first study examines the relationship between the age of soccer players and their levels of positive and negative emotions. The next investigation evaluates emo-tional changes produced after the game. Finally, the third study inquires the relationship between emotions and psychological well-being. The results obtained in these three studies suggest that high performance soccer players tend to experiment more negative emotions and, consequently, exhibit lower levels of psychological well-being, especially in younger players. According to this, it is important to emphasize the necessity of developing new in-vestigations that consider the influence of emotional factors and the use of emotional regulation strategies on high performance sports.Fil: Palumbo, Perla. Universidad Empresarial Siglo XXI; ArgentinaFil: Medrano, Leonardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología. Laboratorio de Evaluación Psicológica y Educativa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lussenhoff, Federico. Universidad Empresarial Siglo XXI; ArgentinaFil: González, Julián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Curarello, Alan. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentin

Emociones positivas y negativas en futbolistas de alto rendimiento

In this paper we present three investigations in which positive and negative emotions are the central concepts considered in high performance soccer players. The first study examines the relationship between the age of soccer players and their levels of positive and negative emotions. The next investigation evaluates emotional changes produced after the game. Finally, the third study inquires the relationship between emotions and psychological well-being. The results obtained in these three studies suggest that high performance soccer players tend to experiment more negative emotions and, consequently, exhibit lower levels of psychological well-being, especially in younger players. According to this, it is important to emphasize the necessity of developing new investigations that consider the influence of emotional factors and the use of emotional regulation strategies on high performance sports.En este trabajo se presentan tres investigaciones que toman como variable central de estudio las emociones positivas y negativas que experimentan futbolistas de alto rendimiento. El primer estudio evalúa la relación existente entre la edad de los futbolistas y los niveles de emociones positivas y negativas. El segundo estudio indaga los cambios emocionales ocurridos luego de un encuentro deportivo. El tercer estudio indaga la relación existente entre emociones y bienestar psicológico. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren que los futbolistas de alto rendimiento se ven más expuestos a experimentar emociones negativas y en consecuencia presentar menores niveles de bienestar psicológico, sobretodo en futbolistas de menor edad. En función de ello se destaca la importancia de desarrollar nuevas investigaciones tendientes considerar la influencia de los factores emocionales y el uso de estrategias de regulación emocional sobre el comportamiento de deportistas de alto rendimiento

Synthesis, Characterization, and Post-Synthetic Modification of a Micro/Mesoporous Zirconium-Tricarboxylate Metal-Organic Framework: Towards the Addition of Acid Active Sites

Zr-MOFs are characterized by their high thermal and chemical stability which may facilitate their application in heterogeneous catalysis. However, these well-known microporous materials could see restricted their applications in heterogeneous catalysis if large reactants exceed their pore sizes leading to unavailable surface areas. In this work, we studied the effect of acetic acid concentration, used as the modulator, on the formation of micro/mesoporous materials. This inclusion of a modulator during synthesis and its removal by activation process generate materials with missing linker defects. We showed that an increase in the concentration of modulator leads to an improvement of calculated apparent surface area and a modification of MOF-808 pore structure by producing mesopores at the expense of micropores. Furthermore, we performed a post-synthetic modification of the MOF-808. We observed the expected sulfation of the zirconium oxo-cluster but also the sulfonation of the organic ligand. Also, we found that only the families of mesopores and the larger micropores are interconnected within the material, and the ultramicropores seems to be isolated from the porous structure. The PSM process led to the addition of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites to the MOF-808. Experimental results were complemented by theoretical calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The rationalization of the synthesis conditions effect and the post-synthetic sulfation process on final properties presented in this paper can serve as a basis for engineering of defects towards the synthesis of solid acid catalysts from MOF 808. <br /

Response Surface Methodology Analysis of the Effect of the Addition of Silicone Oil on the Transfer of Carbon Dioxide during Bioleaching of Mining Tailings by Native Microorganisms

The bioleaching of manganese present in mining waste after metal extraction can be catalyzed by Leptospirillum (L.) ferriphilum by allowing atmospheric carbon dioxide to be used in this autotrophic process and generating the subsequent recovery of silver. Bioleaching of metals is widely performed in agitated tanks; therefore, it is important to assess the mass transfer capacity of gaseous substrates, such as carbon dioxide, during the microbial processes. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of the presence and concentration of a transfer vector (silicone oil) added into a stirred-tank bioreactor during bioleaching of mining tailings catalyzed by L. ferriphilum, determined by the combined gas/oil mass transfer coefficient of carbon dioxide (kLaCO2) into the aqueous phase. The experiments were carried out following a Box&ndash;Behnken experimental design, evaluating the concentrations of mining waste (30%, 40%, and 50%), Fe2+, serving as electron donor (2, 8, and 14 g/L), and silicon oil (0%, 5%, and 10%). A significant increase in kLaCO2 was observed after the addition of the transfer vector by comparing the lowest kLaCO2 value of 1.68 h&minus;1 (obtained at 50% pulp, 8 g/L Fe2+, and 0% silicone oil) and the highest kLaCO2 of 21.81 h&minus;1 (obtained at 30% pulp, 2 g/L Fe2+, 5% silicone oil). The results showed statistically significant differences in the transfer of carbon dioxide during the bioleaching process with a transfer vector

Viabilidad De Una Infraestructura Ciclo-Amistosa En El Campus UAZ Siglo XXI

Se analizó la calidad de las instalaciones del Campus UAZ Siglo XXI, con el objetivo de comprobar que sean aptas para convertirse en una infraestructura ciclo-amistosa. En la justificación se aborda la importancia de la existencia de las mismas y los beneficios que pueden traer a la población que asiste a dicho campus, mientras que en el planteamiento del problema se devela la problemática existente en la población universitaria por la falta de espacios accesibles para la realización de actividad física y su impacto negativo en la salud. Como parte del marco teórico se examinan los referentes teóricos necesarios para convertir a las instalaciones del campus en una infraestructura amigable con los vehículos no motorizados, denotando los beneficios en la salud y de transporte al interior del campus. En la metodología se realizó una evaluación de la infraestructura para determinar una ruta que cumpliera con los requisitos esenciales, se utilizó el cuestionario Walkability Audit Tool.El cuestionario en cuestión permite concluir que ninguna de las zonas fue catalogada como de alto riesgo y con una vista poco atractiva. Por lo anterior se puede concluir que si es viable tener una infraestructura ciclo-amistosa en las instalaciones del Campus UAZ siglo XXI. Resulta necesario colocar los señalamientos adecuados en todo el trayecto de la ruta para hacer más seguro el tránsito en el ciclo carril