Efecto de la refinación física sobre la calidad química y sensorial del aceite de coco

The effect of the physical refining stages (degumming, bleaching and deodorization) on some coconut oil quality and sensory parameters was evaluated. The fatty acid profile was within the range reported for this oil. The free fatty acids level (FFA) and the moisture content were significantly reduced (p 0.05) were found in p-anisidine value (AV). The tocopherols content was lower than the reported for this oil (6.57 ppm).The sterol level (899 ppm) was similar to the level reported for this oil. Both tocopherols and sterols content were significantly reduced (p 0.05) en ninguna de las etapas. El contenido de tocoferoles (6.57 ppm) estuvo por debajo de lo reportado para aceite de coco. El nivel de esteroles (899 ppm) determinado correspondió a lo reportado en la bibliografía. Tanto los tocoferoles como los esteroles se redujeron significativamente (p < 0.05) en todas las etapas de la refinación, siendo la etapa de blanqueo donde hubo mayor pérdida de estos compuestos. Se evaluó sensorialmente el aceite de coco usando una prueba con escalas. La calidad sensorial fue mejorada por el proceso de refinación. El aceite de coco desodorizado obtuvo la mejor calificación sensorial

Simplified Self-Consistent Theory of Colloid Dynamics

One of the main elements of the self-consistent generalized Langevin equation (SCGLE) theory of colloid dynamics [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 62}, 3382 (2000); ibid {\bf 72}, 031107 (2005)] is the introduction of exact short-time moment conditions in its formulation. The need to previously calculate these exact short-time properties constitutes a practical barrier for its application. In this note we report that a simplified version of this theory, in which this short-time information is eliminated, leads to the same results in the intermediate and long-time regimes. Deviations are only observed at short times, and are not qualitatively or quantitatively important. This is illustrated by comparing the two versions of the theory for representative model systems.Comment: 1 text archive, 3 figure

Evaluación de un método sensorial sencillo y efectivo para determinar la rancidez en aceite de soja

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the 2 Alternative Forced Choice (2-AFC) sensory method in detecting rancidity in soybean oils. Additionally, correlations between the physico-chemical quality and the sensory attributes of edible soybean oils were studied. Soybean oil samples from four different plants were analyzed for their fatty acid profile, Free fatty acid (FFA), Anisidine Value (AV), Peroxide Value (PV), Conjugated Dienes (CD), Colour, Rancimat and TOTOX. The sensory attributes of the oils were measured using The American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS) sensory method and additionally, rancidity was assessed using the 2-AFC sensory method. All oil samples fit the quality control criteria for edible soybean oil. The 2-AFC The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the 2 Alternative Forced Choice (2-AFC) sensory method in detecting rancidity in soybean oils. Additionally, correlations between the physico-chemical quality and the sensory attributes of edible soybean oils were studied. Soybean oil samples from four different plants were analyzed for their fatty acid profile, Free fatty acid (FFA), Anisidine Value (AV), Peroxide Value (PV), Conjugated Dienes (CD), Colour, Rancimat and TOTOX. The sensory attributes of the oils were measured using The American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS) sensory method and additionally, rancidity was assessed using the 2-AFC sensory method. All oil samples fit the quality control criteria for edible soybean oil. The 2-AFC  method was sensitive to small differences in rancidity. Differences in anisidine value and Rancimat were correlated to the difference in rancidity (d') among oilsEl propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar la eficacia de la prueba de selección forzada de dos alternativas (2-AFC) para determinar la rancidez en aceite de soja. La correlación entre la calidad química y los atributos sensoriales de los aceites fue el segundo objetivo del trabajo. El perfil de ácidos grasos, ácidos grasos libres (AGL), índice de anisidina (VA), índice de peróxidos (VP), dienos conjugados (DC), color, Rancimat y TOTOX se midieron en aceites de cuatro plantas procesadoras de aceite comestible de soja. Los atributos sensoriales del aceite se midieron utilizando la prueba oficial de la Sociedad Americana de Químicos de Aceites (AOCS) y el atributo de rancidez se evaluó usando la prueba 2-AFC. Todos los aceites satisficieron los criterios de calidad química para los aceites de soja. El método sensorial 2-AFC fue eficaz en determinar diferencias pequeñas en rancidez. Se encontró correlación entre los valores de anisidina y Rancimat y las diferencias sensoriales en rancidez (d')

Amplified Genes May Be Overexpressed, Unchanged, or Downregulated in Cervical Cancer Cell Lines

Several copy number-altered regions (CNAs) have been identified in the genome of cervical cancer, notably, amplifications of 3q and 5p. However, the contribution of copy-number alterations to cervical carcinogenesis is unresolved because genome-wide there exists a lack of correlation between copy-number alterations and gene expression. In this study, we investigated whether CNAs in the cell lines CaLo, CaSki, HeLa, and SiHa were associated with changes in gene expression. On average, 19.2% of the cell-line genomes had CNAs. However, only 2.4% comprised minimal recurrent regions (MRRs) common to all the cell lines. Whereas 3q had limited common gains (13%), 5p was entirely duplicated recurrently. Genome-wide, only 15.6% of genes located in CNAs changed gene expression; in contrast, the rate in MRRs was up to 3 times this. Chr 5p was confirmed entirely amplified by FISH; however, maximum 33.5% of the explored genes in 5p were deregulated. In 3q, this rate was 13.4%. Even in 3q26, which had 5 MRRs and 38.7% recurrently gained SNPs, the rate was only 15.1%. Interestingly, up to 19% of deregulated genes in 5p and 73% in 3q26 were downregulated, suggesting additional factors were involved in gene repression. The deregulated genes in 3q and 5p occurred in clusters, suggesting local chromatin factors may also influence gene expression. In regions amplified discontinuously, downregulated genes increased steadily as the number of amplified SNPs increased (p<0.01, Spearman's correlation). Therefore, partial gene amplification may function in silencing gene expression. Additional genes in 1q, 3q and 5p could be involved in cervical carcinogenesis, specifically in apoptosis. These include PARP1 in 1q, TNFSF10 and ECT2 in 3q and CLPTM1L, AHRR, PDCD6, and DAP in 5p. Overall, gene expression and copy-number profiles reveal factors other than gene dosage, like epigenetic or chromatin domains, may influence gene expression within the entirely amplified genome segments

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Emergence of a negative resistance in noisy coupled linear oscillators

We report on the experimental observation of an emerging negative resistance in a system of coupled linear electronic RLC harmonic oscillators under the influence of multiplicative noise with long correlation time. When two oscillators are coupled by a noisy inductor, an analysis in the Fourier space of the electrical variables unveils the presence of an effective negative resistance, which acts as an energy transport facilitator. This might constitute a simple explanation of the now fashionable problem of energy transport assisted by noise in classical systems. The experimental setup is based on the working principle of an analog computer and by itself constitutes a versatile platform for studying energy transport in noisy systems by means of coupled electrical oscillator systems

Antiproliferative activity of cardenolide glycosides from Asclepias subulata

Asclepias subulata Decne. is a shrub occurring in Sonora-Arizona desert (Mexico-USA). The ethnic groups, Seris and Pimas, use this plant for the treatment of sore eyes, gastrointestinal disorders and cancer. To isolate the compounds responsible for antiproliferative activity of the methanol extract of A. subulata. A bioguided fractionation of methanol extract of A. subulata was performed using MTT assay to measure the antiproliferative activity of different compounds on three human cancer cell lines (A549, LS 180 and PC-3), one murine cancer cell line (RAW 264.7) and one human normal cell line (ARPE-19). The methanol extract was partitioned with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The active fractions, ethanol and residual, were fractioned by silica-column chromatography and active sub-fractions were separated using HPLC. The chemical structures of isolated compounds were elucidated with different chemical and spectroscopic methods. A new cardenolide glycoside, 12, 16-dihydroxycalotropin, and three known, calotropin, corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside and desglucouzarin, were isolated of active sub-fractions. All isolated compounds showed a strong antiproliferative activity in human cancer cells. Calotropin was the more active with IC50 values of 0.0013, 0.06 and 0.41 µM on A549, LS 180 and PC-3 cell lines, respectively; while 12, 16-dihydroxycalotropin reached values of 2.48, 5.62 and 11.70 µM, on the same cells; corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside had IC50 of 2.64, 3.15 and 6.62 µM and desglucouzarin showed values of 0.90, 6.57 and 6.62, µM. Doxorubicin, positive control, showed IC50 values of 1.78, 6.99 and 3.18 µM, respectively. The isolated compounds had a weak effect on murine cancer cells and human normal cells, exhibiting selectivity to human cancer cells. In this study, we found that 12, 16-dihydroxicalotropin, calotropin, corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside and desglucouzarin are responsible of antiproliferative properties of A. subulata, and that these compounds are highly selective to human cancer cells. Further studies are needed in order to establish the action mechanisms of the isolated compounds