The Kramer sampling theorem revisited

The classical Kramer sampling theorem provides a method for obtaining orthogonal sampling formulas. Besides, it has been the cornerstone for a significant mathematical literature on the topic of sampling theorems associated with differential and difference problems. In this work we provide, in an unified way, new and old generalizations of this result corresponding to various different settings; all these generalizations are illustrated with examples. All the different situations along the paper share a basic approach: the functions to be sampled are obtaining by duality in a separable Hilbert space through an -valued kernel K defined on an appropriate domain.This work has been supported by the grant MTM2009–08345 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICNN).Publicad

On Some Sampling-Related Frames in U-Invariant Spaces

This paper is concerned with the characterization as frames of some sequences in -invariant spaces of a separable Hilbert space H where U denotes an unitary operator defined on H ; besides, the dual frames having the same form are also found. This general setting includes, in particular, shift-invariant or modulation-invariant subspaces in L2(R) , where these frames are intimately related to the generalized sampling problem. We also deal with some related perturbation problems. In doing so, we need the unitary operator to belong to a continuous group of unitary operators

Obatoclax and Paclitaxel Synergistically Induce Apoptosis and Overcome Paclitaxel Resistance in Urothelial Cancer Cells

Paclitaxel is a treatment option for advanced or metastatic bladder cancer after the failure of first-line cisplatin and gemcitabine, although resistance limits its clinical benefits. Mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic protein that promotes resistance to paclitaxel in different tumors. Obatoclax, a BH3 mimetic of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, antagonizes Mcl-1 and hence may reverse paclitaxel resistance in Mcl-1-overexpressing tumors. In this study, paclitaxel-sensitive 5637 and -resistant HT1197 bladder cancer cells were treated with paclitaxel, obatoclax, or combinations of both. Apoptosis, cell cycle, and autophagy were measured by Western blot, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, Mcl-1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in bladder carcinoma tissues. Our results confirmed that paclitaxel alone induced Mcl-1 downregulation and apoptosis in 5637, but not in HT1197 cells; however, combinations of obatoclax and paclitaxel sensitized HT1197 cells to the treatment. In obatoclax-treated 5637 and obatoclax + paclitaxel-treated HT1197 cells, the blockade of the autophagic flux correlated with apoptosis and was associated with caspase-dependent cleavage of beclin-1. Obatoclax alone delayed the cell cycle in 5637, but not in HT1197 cells, whereas combinations of both retarded the cell cycle and reduced mitotic slippage. In conclusion, obatoclax sensitizes HT1197 cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis through the blockade of the autophagic flux and effects on the cell cycle. Furthermore, Mcl-1 is overexpressed in many invasive bladder carcinomas, and it is related to tumor progression, so Mcl-1 expression may be of predictive value in bladder cancer.España, Sistema Público Andaluz Biobanco y ISCIII-Red de Biobancos PT17/0015/004

Isolation of ntrA-like mutants of Azobacter vinelandii

A number of of chlorate-resistant mutants of Azotobacter vinelandii affected in a general control of nitrogen metabolism were isolated. These mutants could not utilize dinitrogen, nitrate, or nitrite as a nitrogen source. The reason for this inability is that they were simultaneously deficient in nitrogenase and nitrate and nitrite reductase activities. They were complemented by a cosmid carrying a DNA fragment of A. vinelandii able to complement ntrA mutants of Escherichia coli, so they seemed to be ntrA-like mutants.Comisión Asesora Científica y Técnica 302

Associations for education and socialization of the heritage in rural area

El Grupo S.O.S. Patrimonio es un Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo de la Universidad de Sevilla (HUM 673) dedica sus esfuerzos a la investigación en materia de Conservación y Restauración de los Bienes Culturales. Una de sus líneas de trabajo es el mejor conocimiento de los agentes que hacen posible la transmisión del legado patrimonial a las generaciones futuras. En este sentido se han realizado numerosos proyectos y publicaciones sobre los profesionales, fundamentalmente conservadores y restauradores. Con este póster, el Grupo S.O.S. Patrimonio avanza y plantea una nueva realidad, la acción participativa y activa de colectivos de ciudadanos que ligados a las asociaciones, transmiten a la sociedad sus preocupaciones y velan por el patrimonio natural y cultural, convirtiéndose en agentes culturales. Con este objetivo, el Grupo S.O.S. Patrimonio pone en marcha en colaboración con un grupo de asociaciones un Primer Encuentro de Asociaciones para la protección del patrimonio local que tiene lugar en Rota, el día 25 de mayo de 2013. El encuentro contó con la presencia de catorce asociaciones, el apoyo de instituciones (universidad, ayuntamiento), la participación de ciudadanos, estudiantes, e investigadores. El objetivo por tanto del póster es presentar imágenes que aportarán los miembros del Grupo de Investigación y que fueron mostradas en este primer encuentro, girando en torno a la labor que realizan. Las Asociaciones para la protección del patrimonio son instituciones sin ánimo de lucro que definen en sus estatutos como objetivos fundamentales la defensa del patrimonio natural y cultural de los pueblos. Con este fin, diseñan estrategias y actividades y todo tipo de programas (lúdicos, educativos, de restauración, etc.) que hagan posible, su transmisión a las generaciones futuras. Son organismos compuestos por ciudadanos y por tanto personas que configuran una red social o un proyecto de socialización. Su ámbito de acción se desarrolla tanto en el patrimonio rural como urbano, en el ámbito de lo tangible o lo intangible y sus preocupaciones se proyectan tanto en el patrimonio arqueológico, el patrimonio monumental, pero también en el patrimonio popular, entendiendo por popular, lo rural y cercano al ciudadano, ya que las asociaciones defienden y reconocen el patrimonio que relacionan con su propia identidad.The Group S.O.S. Heritage is a group of research and development of the University of Seville (Hum 673) that dedicates its efforts to the investigation as for Conservation and Restoration of cultural heritage. One of his lines of work is know better the agents who make possible the transmission of the patrimonial legacy to the future generations. In this respect we have realized numerous projects and publications on the professionals, fundamentally conservators and restaurators. With this poster, the group advances and raises a new reality, the participative and active action of the groups of citizens who, tied to the associations, transmit to the community his worries and guard over the natural and cultural heritage, turning into his cultural agents. With this motive, in collaboration with a group of associations, the group realizes the first Meeting of Associations for the protection of the local heritage, which takes place in Rota on May 25, 2013. In the meeting fourteen associations took part, and it had the institutional support (university, town hall) and the participation of citizens, students and investigators. The aim, therefore, of the poster is to present images that there will contribute the members of the group of investigation and that were showed in the first meeting, turning concerning the labor that they realize. The associations for the protection of the heritage are non-profit-making institutions that defend in his bylaws as fundamental aims the defense of the natural and cultural heritage of the peoples. With this end, they design strategies, activities and all kinds of programs (playful, educatives, of restoration, etc.) that make possible the transmission to the future generations. They are organisms composed by citizens and therefore persons who form a social network or a project of socialization. His area of action develops so much in the rural as urban heritage, in the area of the material thing as the immaterial thing. His worries are projected in the archaeological heritage or the monumental heritage, but also in the popular heritage, dealing for popularly, the rural and nearby thing to the citizen, since the associations defend and recognize the heritage that they relate to his own identity

Growth of Escherichia coli in human milk and powdered infant formula under various treatments and feeding conditions in neonatal units

Milk supplied to neonates in neonatal units is kept at room temperature for some time, which could influence microbial growth. This study aims to evaluate the growth of Escherichia coli in HM and PIF under various treatments and conditions, as well as to determine the influence of different thawing methods on microbial growth in HM. The number of E. coli generations appearing over a 4 h period at 22 °C in HM (frozen; frozen and pasteurized; and frozen, pasteurized, and fortified) and in PIF (four brands) was determined. E. coli counts in HM inoculated and thawed using different methods were also compared. In frozen HM and in pasteurized and frozen HM, significant differences were found after 2.5 h and 1.5 h, respectively. In PIF, differences were found between 1.5 and 3 h. With regard to the thawing process, the lowest microorganism counts were obtained at 4 °C overnight; thus, it seems advisable to store milk at room temperature for a maximum of 1 h during administration in neonatal units. Thawing HM at 4 °C overnight should be the method of choice

Relations between positive psychotic symptoms and ideas of reference observation and communication

The ideas of reference (IOR) are observable in varied psychopathological manifestations, although predominate in psychotic disorders. We tried to study the IOR according to their content (observation, communication, and other IOR). We tried to determine if these kinds of IOR are separable, and also to observe their relationship with some positive symptoms. Participated 364 patients (39 participants with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders). The instruments used were the Referential Thinking Scale (REF) and BPRS rating-scale. Statistically significant differences between the observation and communication IOR were found, and also between the communication IOR and other IOR. Significant positive correlations between observation IOR and grandiosity were reached, and between observation IOR and suspicion (persecution delusion in BPRS). The observation IOR are rather indicator of delusional severity in general than a specific content of psychopathology, and this kind of IOR are not restricted to the persecutory delusions

Biotinylated Cell-penetrating Peptides to Study Intracellular Protein-protein Interactions

[EN] Here we present a protocol to study intracellular protein-protein interactions that is based on the widely used biotin-avidin pull-down system. The modification presented includes the combination of this technique with cell-penetrating sequences. We propose to design cell-penetrating baits that can be incubated with living cells instead of cell lysates and therefore the interactions found will reflect those that occur within the intracellular context. Connexin43 (Cx43), a protein that forms gap junction channels and hemichannels is down-regulated in high-grade gliomas. The Cx43 region comprising amino acids 266-283 is responsible for the inhibition of the oncogenic activity of c-Src in glioma cells. Here we use TAT as the cell-penetrating sequence, biotin as the pull-down tag and the region of Cx43 comprised between amino acids 266-283 as the target to find intracellular interactions in the hard-to-transfect human glioma stem cells. One of the limitations of the proposed method is that the molecule used as bait could fail to fold properly and, consequently, the interactions found could not be associated with the effect. However, this method can be especially interesting for the interactions involved in signal transduction pathways because they are usually carried out by intrinsically disordered regions and, therefore, they do not require an ordered folding. In addition, one of the advantages of the proposed method is that the relevance of each residue on the interaction can be easily studied. This is a modular system; therefore, other cell-penetrating sequences, other tags, and other intracellular targets can be employed. Finally, the scope of this protocol is far beyond protein-protein interaction because this system can be applied to other bioactive cargoes such as RNA sequences, nanoparticles, viruses or any molecule that can be transduced with cell-penetrating sequences and fused to pull-down tags to study their intracellular mechanism of action

Molecular and genetic characterization of colicinogenic Escherichia coli strains active against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7

The objective of this work was to molecularly and genotypically characterize and test the inhibitory activity of six colicinogenic Escherichia coli strains (ColEc) and their partially purified colicins against STEC O157:H7 isolated from clinical human cases. Inhibition tests demonstrated the activity of these strains and their colicins against STEC O157:H7. By PCR it was possible to detect colicins Ia, E7, and B and microcins M, H47, C7, and J25. By genome sequencing of two selected ColEc strains, it was possible to identify additional colicins such as E1 and Ib. No genes coding for stx1 and stx2 were detected after analyzing the genome sequence. The inhibitory activity of ColEc against STEC O157:H7 used as an indicator showed that colicins are potent growth inhibitors of E. coli O157:H7, being a potential alternative to reduce the presence of pathogens of public health relevance

Seismic hazard assessment of Navarre (Northern Spain)

The RISNAV project, financed by the Civil Defence Department of Navarre (Northern Spain), aims at assessing seismic risk of the entire region. The final goal of the project is the definition of emergency plans for future earthquakes. With this purpose, four main topics are covered: seismic hazard characterization, geotechnical classification, vulnerability assessment and damage estimation. In this work, the seismic hazard and vulnerability assessment studies are presented