9 research outputs found

    Pharmacogenetics of antipsychotic drugs : contribution to the study of genetic schizophrenia and neuroleptic treatments efficacy and tolerance

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    La schizophrĂ©nie est une pathologie sĂ©vĂšre et frĂ©quente. Elle constitue un problĂšme majeur de santĂ© publique. Les traitements disponibles prĂ©sentent des problĂšmes de tolĂ©rance non nĂ©gligeables et leur efficacitĂ© reste modĂ©rĂ©e. La recherche en pharmacogĂ©nĂ©tique des antipsychotiques a pour objectif d’aider les prescripteurs Ă  choisir les traitements de façon plus rationnelle. Les carences mĂ©thodologiques des premiĂšres Ă©tudes rĂ©alisĂ©es expliquent sans doute le peu de rĂ©sultat rĂ©pliquĂ© Ă  ce jour. Dans une cohorte de patients schizophrĂšnes caucasiens traitĂ©s par olanzapine ou rispĂ©ridone et Ă©valuĂ©e prospectivement pour l’efficacitĂ© et la tolĂ©rance du traitement, nous avons d’abord recherchĂ© des critĂšres cliniques permettant de prĂ©dire la rĂ©ponse au traitement. L’age prĂ©coce de dĂ©but des troubles et la durĂ©e de la maladie sont des prĂ©dicteurs individuels de la mauvaise rĂ©ponse au traitement. Nous avons Ă©galement Ă©tudiĂ© l’implication de variants gĂ©nĂ©tiques du transporteur de la noradrĂ©naline dans l’efficacitĂ© des traitements. Nous avons observĂ© l’implication de deux polymorphismes dans la dĂ©croissance des symptĂŽmes positifs sous traitement. L’analyse de l’impact du variant C825T de la GNB3 dans la prise de poids sous antipsychotique n’a pas retrouvĂ© d’association significative. Enfin, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© l’ensemble des variants allĂ©liques du cytochrome P450 2D6 dans cette cohorte de patients schizophrĂšnes comparĂ©e Ă  des tĂ©moins. L’allĂšle CYP2D6*2 Ă©tait associĂ© Ă  un effet protecteur vis Ă  vis de la schizophrĂ©nie. Les associations retrouvĂ©es devraient aider Ă  mieux comprendre les mĂ©canismes physiopathologiques impliquĂ©s dans la schizophrĂ©nie et la rĂ©ponse au traitementSchizophrenia is a frequent and severe disease. It constitutes a major public health problem. All the available treatments however, have significant adverse side-effects and their efficacy remains moderate. The aim of pharmacogenetic research is to help practitioners to choose treatments in a more rational way. The methodological limits of the first published studies probably explain the lack of replication of such studies. In a prospective study of a sample of Caucasian schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine or risperidone, clinical criteria were assessed as factors that may predict drug response. Early onset and duration of the disease, individually predicted an unfavourable drug response. We also studied genetic variants of the norepinephrine transporter to see how they may affect antipsychotic drug efficacy. Two polymorphisms were associated with a reduction in positive symptoms in treated schizophrenic patients. No association between the GBN3 C825T variant and weight gain in patients treated by antispychotic drugs was observed. Finally, we genotyped all the cytochrome P450 2D6 allelic variants in the same Caucasian schizophrenic sample and a Caucasian origin control cohort. The CYP2D6*2 allele was strongly associated with protection towards schizophrenia. The two observed associations may help to better understand the still unwell known physiopathological mechanisms implicated in schizophrenia aetiology and antipsychotic drug respons

    Pharmacogénétique des antipsychotiques (contribution à l'étude de la génétique de la schizophrénie et de la tolérance et de l'efficacité des traitements neuroleptiques)

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    La schizophrénie est une pathologie sévÚre et fréquente. Elle constitue un problÚme majeur de santé publique. Les traitements disponibles présentent des problÚmes de tolérance non négligeables et leur efficacité reste modérée. La recherche en pharmacogénétique des antipsychotiques a pour objectif d aider les prescripteurs à choisir les traitements de façon plus rationnelle. Les carences méthodologiques des premiÚres études réalisées expliquent sans doute le peu de résultat répliqué à ce jour. Dans une cohorte de patients schizophrÚnes caucasiens traités par olanzapine ou rispéridone et évaluée prospectivement pour l efficacité et la tolérance du traitement, nous avons d abord recherché des critÚres cliniques permettant de prédire la réponse au traitement. L age précoce de début des troubles et la durée de la maladie sont des prédicteurs individuels de la mauvaise réponse au traitement. Nous avons également étudié l implication de variants génétiques du transporteur de la noradrénaline dans l efficacité des traitements. Nous avons observé l implication de deux polymorphismes dans la décroissance des symptÎmes positifs sous traitement. L analyse de l impact du variant C825T de la GNB3 dans la prise de poids sous antipsychotique n a pas retrouvé d association significative. Enfin, nous avons étudié l ensemble des variants alléliques du cytochrome P450 2D6 dans cette cohorte de patients schizophrÚnes comparée à des témoins. L allÚle CYP2D6*2 était associé à un effet protecteur vis à vis de la schizophrénie. Les associations retrouvées devraient aider à mieux comprendre les mécanismes physiopathologiques impliqués dans la schizophrénie et la réponse au traitementSchizophrenia is a frequent and severe disease. It constitutes a major public health problem. All the available treatments however, have significant adverse side-effects and their efficacy remains moderate. The aim of pharmacogenetic research is to help practitioners to choose treatments in a more rational way. The methodological limits of the first published studies probably explain the lack of replication of such studies. In a prospective study of a sample of Caucasian schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine or risperidone, clinical criteria were assessed as factors that may predict drug response. Early onset and duration of the disease, individually predicted an unfavourable drug response. We also studied genetic variants of the norepinephrine transporter to see how they may affect antipsychotic drug efficacy. Two polymorphisms were associated with a reduction in positive symptoms in treated schizophrenic patients. No association between the GBN3 C825T variant and weight gain in patients treated by antispychotic drugs was observed. Finally, we genotyped all the cytochrome P450 2D6 allelic variants in the same Caucasian schizophrenic sample and a Caucasian origin control cohort. The CYP2D6*2 allele was strongly associated with protection towards schizophrenia. The two observed associations may help to better understand the still unwell known physiopathological mechanisms implicated in schizophrenia aetiology and antipsychotic drug responsePARIS-EST-Université (770839901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    SCHIZOPHRENIE ET CANCER DU POUMON

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    PARIS6-Bibl. St Antoine CHU (751122104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Comparative analysis of anti-toxoplasmic activity of antipsychotic drugs and valproate.

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    International audienceRecent studies have shown a strong link between Toxoplasma gondii infection and psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia and bipolar disorders (odd ratio ≈2.7 for each disorder). Antipsychotic drugs and mood stabilizers may have anti-toxoplasmic activity that potentially may be associated with better effectiveness in these disorders, but previous results have been few in number and conflicting. We therefore sought to determine which daily prescribed antipsychotics and mood stabilizer have the best anti-toxoplasmic activity during the development phase of the parasite. In the present study, we examined the effects of commonly used antipsychotic drugs (amisulpride, cyamemazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, levomepromazine, loxapine, olanzapine, risperidone and tiapride) and one mood-stabilizing agent (valproate) on toxoplasmic activity. We replicated that fluphenazine has a high anti-toxoplasmic activity, but it does not seem to be a phenothiazine-specific class effect: indeed, we found that another first-generation antipsychotic, zuclopenthixol, has a high anti-toxoplasmic activity. Valproate, tiapride and amisulpride have no anti-toxoplasmic activity on parasite growth, and the other antipsychotic drugs showed low or intermediate anti-toxoplasmic activity. As it is not possible to know the intracellular concentrations of antipsychotics in the brain, further clinical studies are warranted to determine whether these in vitro findings have potential implications in treatment of toxo-positive patients with schizophrenia. These findings may be potentially relevant for the choice of the first-line antipsychotic drug or mood stabilizer in previously infected patients

    Exome Sequencing in 53 Sporadic Cases of Schizophrenia Identifies 18 Putative Candidate Genes

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    Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe, debilitating mental illness which has a significant genetic component. The identification of genetic factors related to SCZ has been challenging and these factors remain largely unknown. To evaluate the contribution of de novo variants (DNVs) to SCZ, we sequenced the exomes of 53 individuals with sporadic SCZ and of their non-affected parents. We identified 49 DNVs, 18 of which were predicted to alter gene function, including 13 damaging missense mutations, 2 conserved splice site mutations, 2 nonsense mutations, and 1 frameshift deletion. The average number of exonic DNV per proband was 0.88, which corresponds to an exonic point mutation rate of 1.7x10(-8) per nucleotide per generation. The non-synonymous-to-synonymous mutation ratio of 2.06 did not differ from neutral expectations. Overall, this study provides a list of 18 putative candidate genes for sporadic SCZ, and when combined with the results of similar reports, identifies a second proband carrying a non-synonymous DNV in the RGS12 gene

    Lithium plus valproate combination therapy versus monotherapy for relapse prevention in bipolar i disorder (BALANCE): A randomised open-label trial

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