EXPLORING BANDARBAN THROUGH TREKKING TRAILS: A NEW HORIZON FOR COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Bandarban is regarded as one of the most attractive travel destinations in Bangladesh. This is the most potential tourist destination that will certainly flourish in near future. But no significant attempts have been made to explore and exploit this potential sector in Bandarban. Consequently, the benefit of tourism has remained very limited for the local people. The purpose of the study was to identify and explore different trekking routes of Bandarban for adventure-loving tourists. Further, another objective was to identify possible further involvement of the local communities in tourism through which they can upgrade their economic status. Community-based tourism development can be the most suitable concept not only for community development but for tourism development in Bandarban also. In this study, some potential trekking trails have been identified as well as discovering some potential ways of involving local ethnic communities living alongside the trekking trails in tourism

Development of the Financial System In India: Assessment Of Financial Depth & Access

In this paper we have a look at the development of the financial system in India during 1990 till 2010 based on the World Bank Global Financial Development data base. More specifically we focus on two dimensions, financial depth and access, and two segments, financial institutions and financial markets. Germany is used as benchmark country. We found that India has a well developed stock market and market capitalization in Bombay stock market is higher than that of Germany. But financial system in India mainly market based and dominated by financial market relative to financial institutions. As a result well developed stock market is not able to compensate the underdeveloped financial institutions and bond market in India. Keywords: Financial Development, Growth, Liberalization and Recession.

Feature Engineering in Learning-to-Rank for Community Question Answering Task

Community question answering (CQA) forums are Internet-based platforms where users ask questions about a topic and other expert users try to provide solutions. Many CQA forums such as Quora, Stackoverflow, Yahoo!Answer, StackExchange exist with a lot of user-generated data. These data are leveraged in automated CQA ranking systems where similar questions (and answers) are presented in response to the query of the user. In this work, we empirically investigate a few aspects of this domain. Firstly, in addition to traditional features like TF-IDF, BM25 etc., we introduce a BERT-based feature that captures the semantic similarity between the question and answer. Secondly, most of the existing research works have focused on features extracted only from the question part; features extracted from answers have not been explored extensively. We combine both types of features in a linear fashion. Thirdly, using our proposed concepts, we conduct an empirical investigation with different rank-learning algorithms, some of which have not been used so far in CQA domain. On three standard CQA datasets, our proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance. We also analyze importance of the features we use in our investigation. This work is expected to guide the practitioners to select a better set of features for the CQA retrieval task.Comment: 20 page

Tourist-Group Consideration in Tourism Carrying Capacity Assessment: a New Approach for Saint Martin’s Island, Bangladesh

Everything has a capacity that it can tolerate or afford, beyond which it cannot serve. Tourism development and management should also be based on the recognition of the limits of a destination. As a result, tourist destinations must have their carrying capacity assessed and managed accordingly with a view to protecting them from getting exploited. In assessing tourism carrying capacity of a particular destination, the formulae given by Cifuentes (1992) and recommended by IUCN (Ceballos-Lascuráin, 1996) are widely used around the world. The formulae recognize the ‘necessary distance between two tourists’ as a factor that affects tourist satisfaction; and thus, consider it in assessing physical carrying capacity (PCC) of a destination. But Tran Nghi et al. (2007) argue that, the necessary distance between two groups on a route, as well as distance between two people, affects tourist's comfort and should be considered when assessing tourism carrying capacity (TCC). Tran Nghi et al. (2007) tried to make some adjustments to the formulae and used some techniques to consider tourists as in separate groups- not as an individual in a mass. When it is about assessing carrying capacity of a trekking trail or walking route where tourists have to be in a line one behind another, carrying capacity can be calculated for group of tourists using this adjusted formula. But when it is about a beach or a park where tourists are not in queues or lines- rather scattered in the whole area, carrying capacity cannot be calculated based on tourist-group, -rather as a mass. To calculate TCC of such destinations (beach/park) a new technique is proposed and used on the basic formulae of Cifuentes in this study.  This new technique is applied in calculating the TCC of the Saint Martin’s Island, the only coral island of Bangladesh, as a case study. Keywords: tourism carrying capacity (TCC), Cifuentes' methodology, tourist-group, Saint Martin’s Island

Machine Translation from Natural Language to Code using Long-Short Term Memory

Making computer programming language more understandable and easy for the human is a longstanding problem. From assembly language to present day's object-oriented programming, concepts came to make programming easier so that a programmer can focus on the logic and the architecture rather than the code and language itself. To go a step further in this journey of removing human-computer language barrier, this paper proposes machine learning approach using Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) to convert human language into programming language code. The programmer will write expressions for codes in layman's language, and the machine learning model will translate it to the targeted programming language. The proposed approach yields result with 74.40% accuracy. This can be further improved by incorporating additional techniques, which are also discussed in this paper.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, conferenc

Antenna design and fabrication for biotelemetry applications

This research work assumes the role of designing a Micro-strip patch antenna that exists with in the band range of 402 MHz to 405 MHz, which was considered as medical implantable communication systems (MICS) band and can be possibly implanted at human body phantom model because of its flexiblility and lower radiation characteristics. CST Microwave studio was used for designing the patch antenna and the human body phantom model with the existence of homogeneous layers (fat, skin and muscle) and the final version was fabricated. Being highly flexible, FR4 was chosen as a substrate to maintain 0.5 mm thickness throughout. For the ground and patch, copper material was selected having thickness of 0.018 mm. For the ease of fabrication and biocompatibility, silicon was selected with the thickness of being 8 mm. Maximum specific absorption rate of the proposed antenna was obtained 0.588 W/Kg for 10g tissue. Various Parameters such as VSWR, S11, Radiation efficiency, Total efficiency were found 1.1889, -21.28 dB, -45.71 dB, -45.74 dB respectively inside body phantom that ensure the antenna design was efficiently and effectively suitable for biotelemetry system which is body implantable. After fabrication the value of S11 is found -12.43 dB in open space with 453 MHz frequency

Growth performance and survival of oyster, Saccostrea cucullata (Born, 1778) and green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) cultivated in Bangladesh Coast

Oyster and mussel farming along the coasts and the desire to increase fishing revenue have created a boom in these types of farms. An experiment on culture of edible oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) and green mussel (Perna viridis) was performed at Gangamoti estuary in Kuakata, Bay of Bengal coast of Bangladesh from December 2021 to March 2022 to find out the appropriate culture method of the oyster, S. cucullata and green mussel, P. viridis. Initially, the average shell heights of S. cucullata and P. viridis were 8.8±1.62 and 6.9±1.89 cm, respectively; where average weights were153.4±13.23 and 84.78±11.78 g, respectively. After the culture period, oysters shell height and weight grew up to 9.1±1.98 cm and 163.2±12.54 g, respectively in rectangular basket and 8.9±1.45 cm and 157.2±11.31 g, respectively in velon screen bag. In case of oysters, the rectangular basket and velon screen bag displayed the minor progress in specific growth rate, 0.09±0.01 and 0.07±0.03, respectively. But green mussels did not show any growth rate. Oysters cultured in rectangular basket showed total mortality at day-90 and velon screen bag at day-75. Green mussels showed 100% mortality within 21 days of culture. Our experiment was the first attempt to culture these two mollusks in the Kuakata coast of Bangladesh. However, further intensive researches would be required to evaluate the culture feasibility of these two mollusks’ species in the Kuakata coast of Bangladesh.

The Austrian and Keynesian business cycle theory and its effectiveness to combat recession-A case study in construction industry in United Kingdom

Business cycles are the “ups and downs” in economic activity, defined in terms of periods of expansion or recession. This paper attempted to find out empirical evidence of effectiveness of Austrian and Keynesian theory of business cycle when a country is in recession and how to combat the recession. The study investigates UK economic data from 2003-2013 derived from Trading Economics Website and office of the National Statics UK. This study concludes that in the boom period Keynesian theory is effective as interest rate was low and government spending was high to stimulate demand. In recessionary period it is found that government money supply was very high but production of capital goods was very poor which means Keynesian theory has not been applied. But the recent booming period evidenced that interest rate is low and govt spending high

Spatial assessment of groundwater over-exploitation in northwestern districts of Bangladesh

Groundwater demand in northwestern districts of Bangladesh is increasing rapidly with the growth of population and the expansion of irrigated agriculture. Development and management of groundwater resources are essential to supply the growing population with sufficient water for economic development as well as for the sustainable environment of the region. In the present study, groundwater recharge-abstraction balance method has been used for the spatial assessment of groundwater development potential. The abstraction of groundwater is estimated from irrigation and domestic water demands in the study area. The net recharge calculated from groundwater table fluctuation data, whereas the abstraction of groundwater is estimated from irrigation and domestic water demands in the study area. The study shows that out of twenty-six sub-districts, groundwater exploitation has reached to a critical condition in fourteen subdistricts. Development of surface water resources and water conservation are essential to reduce the stress on groundwater exploitation