A 6-year retrospective study of bloodstream Salmonella infection and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh

AbstractObjectivesBloodstream infections (BSI) are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging antimicrobial drug resistance among bacterial pathogens causing BSI can limit therapeutic options and complicate patient management. This retrospective study was conducted to determine trends in Salmonella BSI and antibiotic susceptibility patterns over 6 years (2008–2013) in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh.MethodsA total of 3584 blood samples were collected from patients with clinically diagnosed enteric fever at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from January 2008 to December 2013. Isolates of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi were identified by standard microbiological and biochemical procedures.ResultsA total of 168 isolates of S. enterica serovar Typhi and 160 isolates of S. enterica serovar Paratyphi were found. The average prevalence rate of Salmonella in the blood was 9.15%. Young patients, neonates, and elderly individuals were more prone to Salmonella infection than other patients, and females were more susceptible to Salmonella septicemia than males. Among Salmonella spp. isolates, 20.92% were multidrug resistant and showed high resistance against amoxicillin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and chloramphenicol. Resistance rates to cefipime, cefixime, and ceftriaxone are increasing slowly. Among Salmonella spp. isolates, 57.01% showed extended-spectrum β-lactamase production capability.ConclusionSpecific antibiotic utilization strategies such as antibiotic restriction, combination therapy and usage according to standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing may help decrease or prevent the emergence of resistance and incidence of BSI

Construction biotechnology: The promise of sustainable buildings

The construction industry is one of the thriving industries in the world. There are various modern techniques implemented and latest construction materials are used to build an eco-friendly and sustainable building. Construction Biotechnology is a new scientific and engineering discipline that has been developing exponentially during the last decade. In this biotechnology-based construction, microbially treated construction materials are used. The bio-agents used in construction biotechnologies are pure or enriched with cultures of native microorganisms or microorganisms isolated and activated from the soil. Overall process of construction is also different due to involvement of biotechnology-derived processes and technologies. Biotechnology-based construction has shown potential of cost-effectiveness which renders such construction technologies promising in the current era. Architects, engineers, and people involved with construction are suggesting these biotechnology-based construction technologies for ecofriendliness and high sustainability of these novel construction materials. As a field, biotechnology offers countless solutions to common environmental problems well beyond the construction industr

Bacterial Community Profiling of Tropical Freshwaters in Bangladesh

Seasonal and spatial variations in the bacterial communities of two tropical freshwater sources in Bangladesh, Lake Dhanmondi in central Dhaka, and a pond in the outskirts of Dhaka, were assessed and compared using PCR-DGGE and deep sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, as well as heterotrophic enrichments using water samples collected at nine different time points during 1 year. Temporal and spatial variations of common aquatic bacterial genera were observed, but no clear seasonal variations could be depicted. The major bacterial genera identified from these two sites were members of the Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, and Firmicutes. Among the proteobacterial groups, members of the α-, β-, and γ- Proteobacteria predominated. γ- Proteobacteria belonging to the Escherichia coli/Shigella group even the diarrheagenic pathotypes of E. coli e.g., EPEC and ETEC were detected in most samples throughout the year, with no apparent correlations with other microbial groups. The other pathotypes, EHEC, EAEC, and EIEC/Shigella spp. were also detected occasionally. This study represents the first thorough analysis of the microbial diversity of tropical freshwater systems in Bangladesh.publishedVersio

Prospects and applications of nanobiotechnology: a medical perspective

Abstract Background Nanobiotechnology is the application of nanotechnology in biological fields. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that currently recruits approach, technology and facility available in conventional as well as advanced avenues of engineering, physics, chemistry and biology. Method A comprehensive review of the literature on the principles, limitations, challenges, improvements and applications of nanotechnology in medical science was performed. Results Nanobiotechnology has multitude of potentials for advancing medical science thereby improving health care practices around the world. Many novel nanoparticles and nanodevices are expected to be used, with an enormous positive impact on human health. While true clinical applications of nanotechnology are still practically inexistent, a significant number of promising medical projects are in an advanced experimental stage. Implementation of nanotechnology in medicine and physiology means that mechanisms and devices are so technically designed that they can interact with sub-cellular (i.e. molecular) levels of the body with a high degree of specificity. Thus therapeutic efficacy can be achieved to maximum with minimal side effects by means of the targeted cell or tissue-specific clinical intervention. Conclusion More detailed research and careful clinical trials are still required to introduce diverse components of nanobiotechnology in random clinical applications with success. Ethical and moral concerns also need to be addressed in parallel with the new developments.</p

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, toxicity and analgesic properties of ethanol extract of Solena amplexicaulis root

BACKGROUND: This study was subjected to investigate different pharmacological properties of ethanol extract ofSolena amplexicaulis root. RESULTS: The extract contains flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin and steroid compounds. The extract exhibited excellent antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extract also showed potent activity in brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The LC50 value was found to 44.677 µg/ml. The extract showed better anti-bacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. In antifungal assay, the maximum 79.31% of anti-mycotic activity was observed against Aspergillus ochraceus while minimum 44.2% against Rhizopus oryzae. MIC value ranged between 1500 - 3000 µg/ml. The extract was found moderately toxic with a 24-hr LD50 value of 81.47 mg/kg in Swiss albino mice. The degree of inhibition by the ethanolic extract of the root was found less than that of standard analgesic drug diclofenac sodium. The extract also showed moderate anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity and anti-diabetic property. Reducing power of the extract was comparable with standard ascorbic acid. Moderate in vitro thrombolytic activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition property, metal chelating ability and stress-protective activity was also observed. CONCLUSION: Ethanol extract of Solena amplexicaulis root can be valuable for treatment of different diseases

Bacterial Community Profiling of Tropical Freshwaters in Bangladesh

Seasonal and spatial variations in the bacterial communities of two tropical freshwater sources in Bangladesh, Lake Dhanmondi in central Dhaka, and a pond in the outskirts of Dhaka, were assessed and compared using PCR-DGGE and deep sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, as well as heterotrophic enrichments using water samples collected at nine different time points during 1 year. Temporal and spatial variations of common aquatic bacterial genera were observed, but no clear seasonal variations could be depicted. The major bacterial genera identified from these two sites were members of the Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, and Firmicutes. Among the proteobacterial groups, members of the α-, β-, and γ- Proteobacteria predominated. γ- Proteobacteria belonging to the Escherichia coli/Shigella group even the diarrheagenic pathotypes of E. coli e.g., EPEC and ETEC were detected in most samples throughout the year, with no apparent correlations with other microbial groups. The other pathotypes, EHEC, EAEC, and EIEC/Shigella spp. were also detected occasionally. This study represents the first thorough analysis of the microbial diversity of tropical freshwater systems in Bangladesh

Cdk5rap1 バイカイ セイ 2 メチルチオ N6 イソペンテニル アデノシン シュウショク ワ カク ニ ユライ スル RNA シュ ニ ワ ソンザイ シナイ

熊本大

Cdk5rap1 バイカイ セイ 2 メチルチオ N6 イソペンテニル アデノシン シュウショク ワ カク ニ ユライ スル RNA シュ ニ ワ ソンザイ シナイ

博士(医学）熊本大