Design and Performance Analysis of Small Scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for Nano Grid Application

Wind energy, being easily accessible, environmentally friendly, and being cost effective, has become one of the world’s popular growing renewable energy sources of electricity generation. To spread this technology to mankind it is necessary to develop turbines in this way that people can use it individually and comfortably. This kind of thinking accelerates the advancement of integration of wind turbine with Nano grid concept. Although significant progress has been achieved in the wind technology, there is still scope to reduce the cost and improve the performance of small-scale wind turbines. Moreover, low wind velocity should also need to be utilized properly to achieve saturated energy production. So, concentration is going to small scale wind. Small scale wind energy systems such as Small Scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (SSHAWT), and Vortex Blade-Less (VBL) wind generators can provide a clean, prospective and viable option for energy supply. Moreover, this energy consumption system can also be utilized as one of the reliable power sources of Nano grid. To design efficient wind technologies it requires a smooth and continuous development process. The first part of the current study focused on the aerodynamic design and performance analysis of small-scale horizontal axis wind turbine blade using the blade element momentum (BEM) method with the most updated and corrected model. In this case, the blade was designed with a single airfoil. Results show that the maximum coefficient of performance is 0.446 at the tip speed ratio 6.5 which is very good indication in preliminary stage power prediction. The 2nd part of the study concentrated on improving the performance of blade by modifying the blade with a combination of three airfoils. After that, a comparative study was done between “Blade-Element-Momentum” (BEM) analysis and “Computational-Fluid-Dynamics” (CFD) analysis of mixed airfoil small-scale horizontal axis wind turbine blades. In CFD analysis, k-ω “Shear-Stress-Transport” (SST) model was conducted for three-dimensional visualization of turbine performance. The pitch is considered as fixed and rotor speed is variable for both of the studies. However, the best coefficient of performance was observed at 60 angle of attack. At this angle of attack, in the case of BEM, the highest coefficient of performance is 0.47 whereby CFD analysis, it is 0.43. Both studies show good performance prediction which is a positive step to accelerate the continuous revolution in the wind energy sector. However, as an extension of continuous study on small-scale wind energy systems, the aim of the 3rd part is to investigate the possible extraction of power from wind energy by using a new conceptual vortex bladeless wind generators. In this work, first of all design parameters were selected based on the Von Karman effect. After that a mathematical model was developed to get maximum lift force generated by the designed body. Finally, a complete model was recommended by fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation to get a clear idea of extracted vibration energy from vortex bladeless wind generator for further conversion to electricity generation

Special and differential treatment in the WTO: Its content and competence for facilitation of development

Trade has inherent economic virtue, which is thought to be an important mechanism for the development of the world. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) tries to  introduce a new era of global economic cooperation through a fairer and more open multilateral trading system for the benefit and welfare of the people of its Members. Considering these facts, this trading system strives to introduce a principle where the conduct of international trade is based on cooperation rather than competition. The simple reason is that participating trading members are unequal and there  cannot be any fair competition among unequal competition under identical  conditions. Therefore, the Agreements of the WTO recognize the link between trade and development and contain special provisions for developing countries to combat the growing global economic challenges. These Agreements contain provisions which give developing countries special rights. These are called ‘Special and Differential Treatment’ (SDT) provisions. Special and differential treatments for developing countries allow justifiable deviation from obliging the basic principle of WTO i.e. the Most Favored Nation’s (MFN) treatment. Research and discourse on SDT shows two types of purposes are seen for SDT directed at developing countries: to help development and to help the international system by easing the integration of developing countries into it. This paper will give most emphasis on the development agendas of developing countries because the purpose of SDT as to help developing countries integrate into the trading system is based on an assumption that an effective regulatory system is itself an important tool for development, and as such need not be considered a separate purpose.Key words: World Trade Organisation, International Economic Law, Development, SD

Consideration on the Improvement of Assistive Products\u27 Availability and the Awareness of Rehabilitation Professionals in Bangladesh

博士（医療リハビリテーション学）神戸学院大学2019年

Lossless and low-cost integer-based lifting wavelet transform

Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is a powerful tool for analyzing real-time signals, including aperiodic, irregular, noisy, and transient data, because of its capability to explore signals in both the frequency- and time-domain in different resolutions. For this reason, they are used extensively in a wide number of applications in image and signal processing. Despite the wide usage, the implementation of the wavelet transform is usually lossy or computationally complex, and it requires expensive hardware. However, in many applications, such as medical diagnosis, reversible data-hiding, and critical satellite data, lossless implementation of the wavelet transform is desirable. It is also important to have more hardware-friendly implementations due to its recent inclusion in signal processing modules in system-on-chips (SoCs). To address the need, this research work provides a generalized implementation of a wavelet transform using an integer-based lifting method to produce lossless and low-cost architecture while maintaining the performance close to the original wavelets. In order to achieve a general implementation method for all orthogonal and biorthogonal wavelets, the Daubechies wavelet family has been utilized at first since it is one of the most widely used wavelets and based on a systematic method of construction of compact support orthogonal wavelets. Though the first two phases of this work are for Daubechies wavelets, they can be generalized in order to apply to other wavelets as well. Subsequently, some techniques used in the primary works have been adopted and the critical issues for achieving general lossless implementation have solved to propose a general lossless method. The research work presented here can be divided into several phases. In the first phase, low-cost architectures of the Daubechies-4 (D4) and Daubechies-6 (D6) wavelets have been derived by applying the integer-polynomial mapping. A lifting architecture has been used which reduces the cost by a half compared to the conventional convolution-based approach. The application of integer-polynomial mapping (IPM) of the polynomial filter coefficient with a floating-point value further decreases the complexity and reduces the loss in signal reconstruction. Also, the “resource sharing” between lifting steps results in a further reduction in implementation costs and near-lossless data reconstruction. In the second phase, a completely lossless or error-free architecture has been proposed for the Daubechies-8 (D8) wavelet. Several lifting variants have been derived for the same wavelet, the integer mapping has been applied, and the best variant is determined in terms of performance, using entropy and transform coding gain. Then a theory has been derived regarding the impact of scaling steps on the transform coding gain (GT). The approach results in the lowest cost lossless architecture of the D8 in the literature, to the best of our knowledge. The proposed approach may be applied to other orthogonal wavelets, including biorthogonal ones to achieve higher performance. In the final phase, a general algorithm has been proposed to implement the original filter coefficients expressed by a polyphase matrix into a more efficient lifting structure. This is done by using modified factorization, so that the factorized polyphase matrix does not include the lossy scaling step like the conventional lifting method. This general technique has been applied on some widely used orthogonal and biorthogonal wavelets and its advantages have been discussed. Since the discrete wavelet transform is used in a vast number of applications, the proposed algorithms can be utilized in those cases to achieve lossless, low-cost, and hardware-friendly architectures

Rural consumers' adoption of CRM in a developing country context

This paper illustrates how understanding consumer preferences through market research may enhance CRM adoption among the rural customers of a developing country like Bangladesh. It presents the case of Community Information Centre (CIC) established by Grameenphone, a company owned by Telenor, the Norwegian telecommunications company and Grameen Bank, the Nobel prize winning micro credit organisation in the rural settings of Bangladesh. The paper shows that CIC is an innovative way of building and maintaining customer relationships and technological interface with the financially constrained consumers in a poor developing economy like Bangladesh

Isolation, screening and molecular identification of antagonistic bacteria against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in mango

The study was conducted at the Postharvest and plant Biotechnology laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh during the period from January to July 2017 to isolate, screening and molecular identification of antagonistic bacteria against anthracnose of mango. All treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with replications and repeated twice. Epiphytic bacteria, isolated from leaf and fruit surfaces of mango, were tested as biocontrol agent against anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides wherein 20 strains were confirmed as antagonistic. Molecular characterization of the three potential strains of bacteria were done by the amplification of 16S rDNA gene following the extraction of genomic DNA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, gel electrophoresis and gel documentation. The PCR amplified products and the genomic DNA samples were sent to the Macrogen Company through Sunchon National University, Seoul, South Korea for molecular identification by sequence analysis. Among the 20 antagonistic bacteria screened in vitro by dual and concomitant tests, two isolates, namely GB6 (PSTU-Hort-8), and GB19 (PSTU-Hort-14) were recognized as antagonistics to the test fungus. Using the molecular identification systems, isolated bacterial strains PSTU-Hort-8 was identified as B. subtilis with National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) accession numbers MW659188; on the other hand, strain PSTU-Hort-14 was identified as Stenotrophomonas rhizophila with NCBI accession number MW659190

General banking system of Uttara Bank Ltd.

This internship report is submitted in a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration,2014.Cataloged from PDF version of Internship report.Includes bibliographical references (page 30).Uttara Bank LTD was established in 1965 under the name of “Eastern Banking Corporation Limited” with the specific objective of accelerating trade and investment in the economically depressed eastern wing of the than Pakistan. After liberation of Bangladesh the Bank underwent a major change namely, it was nationalized in March, 1972 and given the name “Uttara Bank”. The Bank again in 1983 was denationalized and made a commercial bank in the private sector under the name “Uttara Bank Limited.” Banks and other financial institutions play a vital role in forecasting the economic and social condition of a country. Banks in Bangladesh now constitutes the core of the country’s organized financial system. The main tusk is to mobilize funds from surplus economic unit and deployment it to deficit economic unit and UBL is doing that successfully from its establishment. Customer satisfaction is very important for the reflections of the succession toward progress and expansion for any service institution. Excellence in customer service helps an organization to build a good position in the market and retain more customers. To keep the customers satisfied, UBL provides various types of service to its customers. UBL Principal Branch has three departments. These are: General Banking Department, Foreign Exchange Department and Credit Department. Through these three departments they serve their customers. General banking department provides service to the customers by doing the elementary tasks of the bank. This department has three sections: Main Cash with Cash Cell; Deposit Section i.e. Savings, Current deposit, FDR, SNTD; Clearing; Bills; Accounts; Sanchaypotra, These elementary tasks include account opening, providing master credit card, internet banking, offering different types of schemes to the customers, different types of bills and fees collection etc. Foreign Exchange department also play vital role by providing service to the customers. This department has three sections. These are: Export section, Import section and Foreign Remittance section. All these three sections Foreign Exchange department provides services to its customers. Credit department has three sections i.e. General Loan, Industrial Loan and Loan Recovery. Foreign exchange is an important department of Uttara Bank Limited, which deals with import, export and foreign remittances. It bridges between importers and exporters. This department is playing an important role in enhancing export earnings, which aids economic growth and in turn it helps for the economic development. On the other hand, it also helps to meet those goods and service, which are most demandable and not adequate in our country. Uttara Bank Limited is operating efficiently with its existing products and services. In service-oriented industry, it is very difficult to set a standard rule to satisfy the customer. Several factors shape up the decision of taking the service from an organization. The services which the Bank provides to their clients are very prompt and quality one compare to other private or foreign banks. The bank made satisfactory progress in all areas of business operation. So Uttara Bank Limited is the bank which will go on in the banking sector of the world with their slogan " Abohoman Banglar Oitijje Lalito”.Md. Imrul Hasan MehediM. Business Administratio

Use Case of Counterfactual Examples: Data Augmentation

Counterfactual explanations are gaining popularity as a way of explaining machine learning models. Counterfactual examples are generally created to interpret the decision of a model. In this case, if a model makes a certain decision for an instance, the counterfactual examples of that instance reverse the decision of the model. The counterfactual examples can be created by craftily changing particular feature values of the instance. In this work, we explore other potential application areas of utilizing counterfactual examples other than model explanation. We are particularly interested in exploring whether counterfactual examples can be a good candidate for data augmentation. At the same time, we look for ways of validating the generated counterfactual examples