Effects of corporate governance on banking performance of commercial banks in Bangladesh

Corporate governance is the system by which organizations are directed, monitored and controlled. It is an oversight mechanism to ensure the management team efficiently allocates the organizational resources, so as to protect the interest of shareholders and stakeholders. There is a need for good corporate governance practice to stabilize the performance of financial institutions. This study investigated the influence of corporate governance in banking performance. Panel data analysis has been conducted for the top nine public and private commercial banks operating in Bangladesh for a period of 2009 to 2017. Board size, structure of internal audit committee and capital adequacy ratio were being taken as independent variables to measure the effects of corporate governance whereas return on asset, return on equity and earnings per share were being taken as dimensions for measuring bank performance. Correlation and regression analysis techniques were being used to examine the relationships between corporate governance practices and bank performance. The results indicated that CAR has the greater impact on Bank performance. The information derived from this study can be valuable and will help to enhance the understanding of the governing bodies of financial institutions for accelerating banking performance

Bifurcation analysis of phytoplankton-fish model through parametric control by fish mortality rate and food transfer efficiency

An Algae-zooplankton fish model is studied in this article. First the proposed model is evaluated for positive invariance and boundedness. Then,the Routh-Hurwitz parameters and the Lyapunov function are used to determine the presence of a positive interior steady state and the criteria for plankton model stability (both local and global). Taylor’s sequence is also used to discuss Hopf bifurcation and the stability of bifurcated periodic solutions. The model’s bifurcation analysis reveals that Hopf-bifurcation can occur when mortality rate and food transfer efficiency are used as bifurcation parameters. Finally, we use numerical simulation to validate the analytical results

What make intention halal food consumption? Study on Turkey’s consumers’ perspective

The study purposes to investigate the factors that influence Muslim consumers’ purchase behaviour on halal food products in Turkey. Based on the extended TPB model; halal food awareness among Muslim consumers, their religious level, social factors, intention to purchase and actual behaviour towards halal food products are investigated. 152 valid responses were obtained using online survey method. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to ensure reliability and content validity. A structural equation modelling technique was performed to test the hypotheses among variables. It has been understood that the intention to purchase halal food has an effect on the behavioral intention of consumers. Besides, it was understood that the awareness of halal food was not affected by the level of religiosity, and that social factors were effective in awareness of halal food. First, some respondents were unwilling to respond to survey due to the sensitivity of religious issues. Secondly, the sample of the research was limited to Turkey. A comparative study would be desirable between other Muslim countries. This study contributes to the literature and sectoral inferences can be made

The influence of direct-to-physician promotion towards physicians’ prescription in behaviour in Malaysia

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of direct-to-physician promotion on physicians’ prescription behaviour. There were very few studies which have investigated to what extent the pharmaceutical promotion directed towards physicians influences physicians’ prescription behaviour in the Malaysian context. Design/methodology/approach – A research framework has been developed based on the buyer behaviour stimulus-response model. A survey method has been used to collect data from 154 medical practitioners from private health-care facilities located at Klang valley in Malaysia. IBM SPSS and SmartPLS statistical programs have been used to analyse the data and validate the model. Findings – This study found that personal selling is the most significant promotional tool for physicians’ prescription behaviour, whereas advertising is the least significant one. Sales promotion and public relations are the second and third most significant promotional tools. Direct marketing is found to be not significant. Practical implications – This paper will help the pharmaceutical companies develop more effective plans to gain a competitive advantage for their business by having a guideline for pharmaceutical marketers as an input to the more efficient allocation of their promotional budgets. Originality/value – This study has introduced a comprehensive understanding of all the factors in the pharmaceutical promotion that influence physicians’ prescription behaviour in Malaysia and how these factors are interrelated, influencing physicians’ prescribing medicines for patients

The influence of moral judgment on physicians' prescription behaviour

Pharmaceutical promotion towards physicians’ prescription behaviour is strongly interrelated. Identifying and addressing the ethical challenges in physicians’ prescription behaviour to increase the ethical predisposition of prescribing medicines is prioritized in global health and development plans. Hence, the importance of ethics in the professionalism of healthcare practitioners is now a growing concern. The main objective of this research is to investigate the influence of moral judgment on physicians' prescription behaviour. A survey has been conducted among 152 medical practitioners from private healthcare facilities in the metropolitan area of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor states of Malaysia. Principal component analysis method in EFA and structural equation modeling technique in CFA has been used to analyze the data and validate the model. The study found that physicians’ moral equity factor has a significant and positive influence on physicians’ prescription behaviour whereas their relativism and contractualism factors were not significant. The empirical evidence obtained from this study would make significant contributions to advancing the current knowledge of ethical prescription behaviour. Recommendations to physicians for more ethical prescription practices have been discussed at the end of this paper

Pharmaceutical marketing ethics in healthcare quality for patient satisfaction: an Islamic approach

ABSTRACT Patients are the center of healthcare system where key role players include pharmaceutical manufacturers. In recent years, ethical standards of marketing strategies conducted by pharmaceutical manufacturers have declined significantly which raises the question of healthcare quality. The conventional way of pharmaceutical marketing is widely accepted by Muslims and non-Muslims around the world. Limited studies have been conducted so far to establish Islamic marketing mechanism in pharmaceutical business as Islam is the answer to all questions of our lives and beyond. This paper theoretically proposed the relation of pharmaceutical marketing strategies with quality healthcare service for patient’s satisfaction and investigated it with primary data. It also highlights the mediating effect of Islamic marketing mechanism from ethical context. The findings revealed that there is a significant positive relationship exists between pharmaceutical marketing ethics and Islamic marketing mechanism which partially mediates healthcare quality. Also, healthcare quality significantly influences patient satisfaction. The framework developed in this study need to be tested in the future through other social factors. Based on the findings, recommendations for Muslim entrepreneurs are explained at the end

Impact of physical distance and psychological distress on job turnover intention among front-line health workers during COVID-19 pandemic

COVID-19 pandemic compels strict isolation to avoid the spread of Coronavirus. Physical distance with COVID-19 patients is undeniable for font-line health workers. This physical proximity of doctors and nurses at hospital affects their mental health and generating psychological distress. They sacrifice their social life and keeping themselves isolated due to their regular contact with COVID-19 patients. This causes high rate of depression, anxiety and stress. Therefore, this study aims to identify the effect of physical distancing and psychological distress on job turnover intention among the front line health workers. This study is applying Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to understand this relationship. Data has been collected between March and April 2021 through structured questionnaire from doctors, nurses and hospital staffs who are managing COVID-19 patients at hospitals. This research has discovered that as front-line health workers' fear of COVID-19 grows, so does their relational anxiety, as well as their organizational and technical turnover intentions. Therefore, there is a need of psychological assistance and increasing capacity building for the front-line workers. This study includes only two variables to understand job turnover intention. For more insights and understanding of the experience in the light of COVID-19, further study can be done by including other factors like institutional support, policy implementation and social dilemma

E-marketing in Islamic markets

During the previous decade, there have been several innovations and improvements in the world of marketing. Parallelly, Muslims around the world are showing a growing readiness to apply Islamic principles to their business transactions. They want to know whether Internet marketing strategies are Shari’ah compliant or not. The Holy Quran contains rules and principles which are applicable to all parts of human life, including business and marketing. E-marketing is a relatively young academic and research topic that mixes marketing theories. E-marketing acts as a vital link between consumer perspectives, which are often “connected” to the digital world, and digital conversation interfaces when companies want to convey relevant information to clients. Companies and marketers who are interested in learning more about the Islamic cultural environment and want to participate in it must carefully plan and implement marketing strategies that align marketing best practices with Islamic social and cultural norms. Despite the fact that e-marketing has spread around the world, many Muslims are still uninformed of its position from an Islamic perspective and in terms of Islamic business principles and practices. This chapter provides much-needed guidance to e-marketers who want to target this lucrative and fast-rising client demographic on what to expect and avoid

Social media usage and behaviour among generation Y and Z in Malaysia

Abstract Social media is an important outlet for media agencies as they have wide reach and impressive targeting tools which conventional marketing lack. The main objective of the present research is to investigate the relationship between satisfaction through social media usage among Generation Y and Z in Malaysia and their five social needs, namely relationship, learning, recognition, diversion, and progression. The study employed a survey method whose sample was drawn from the youths in Malaysia. The survey questionnaire was distributed among the targeted group using a link through SurveyMonkey website. The questionnaire was pre-tested by two professors in the related field. Altogether 98 usable completed questionnaires were received. The study finds that satisfaction through the usage of social media among Generation Y and Z in Malaysia is significantly related with the users’ diversion and learning needs. The study also finds that the Generation Y and Z are fully dependent on smartphones for social media usage. Another finding is that 34% of the respondents spent more than 6 hours per day in using various social media. The work concludes that there is a need to promote more sensitive approaches in the social media marketing and to provide a passage for marketers to use while developing their marketing plans

Improving leadership effectiveness by enhancing spiritual and emotional intelligence: an empirical investigation in Asia

Leadership effectiveness is impacted by multiple intelligences of individuals who have relevant competencies. Spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence are two such important competencies that resultineffective leadership. Each competency has a set of skills dimensions associated with it. Previous researchers have emphasized the necessity and importance of spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence for individuals, but very few studieshave empirically examined the effects of these competencies on effective leadership. Enhancement of the relevant lacking dimensions of spiritual and emotional intelligence is of utmost importancefor improvingleadership effectiveness. This study investigated the impacts of spiritual and emotional intelligence dimensions for improvingleadership effectiveness in contemporarybusiness organizations of Asia. Data was collected from 502 employees working in varioustypes of organizations operating in Peninsular Malaysia. Structural equation modeling approach was used for analyzing the data and it was found that employees’ spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence dimensions havesignificantpositive impacts on leadership effectiveness. The empirical evidence obtained from this study would make significant contributions in advancing the current knowledge of leadership development. Particularly, HRD theories and practices would be enriched through the identification and application of appropriate leadership development strategies. The findings may also help in developing new leadership assessment tools, designing appropriate interventions andin developing leadership effectiveness indices. Implications of the findings for future research andfor professional practice are discussed at the end of this paper