Uncoiling the Modern Sino-American Relationship

For this particular paper I seek to qualify the true nature of the Sino-American relationship as it has developed over the last quarter of the twentieth century. To more fully appreciate the complex relationship that evolved between such seemingly antithetical nations, I will critically review both James Mann‘s About Face: A History of America’s Curious Relationship with China, From Nixon to Clinton and Margaret MacMillan‘s Nixon and Mao: The Week that Changed the World. This paper will specifically focus on evaluating the similarities and inconsistencies between Mann‘s and MacMillan‘s theses, elucidate the structural differences between each author‘s arguments, and analyze each author‘s interpretation of specific events, leaders, and issues in order to establish a broader cohesive understanding of the modern Sino-American relationship

Designerly Tools

An assumption behind this paper is that research aimed at improving interaction design practice is not as successful as it could be. We will argue that one reason for this is that the understanding of what constitutes designerly tools is not enough recognized among those who propose new tools for interaction design. We define designerly tools as methods, tools, techniques, and approaches that support design activity in way that is appreciated by practicing interaction designers. Based on a two empirical studies, we have developed a framework and a way of studying designers and their tools. We discuss some insights about what characterizes designerly tools and what kind of implications these insights might have for the further development of tools aimed at supporting design practice. Keywords: Design, Tools, Interaction Design, Activities, Support For Design</p

Postcard: #56 Stay with Him Including Correspondence

This black and white photographic postcard features a young man sitting on a horse that reared up. The horse is in the center of the photo with prairie land surrounding it. Written text is at the bottom of the card. Handwriting is on the back of the card. (Note indicates the photo was taken by Liberal, Kansas photographer Hal Reid.)https://scholars.fhsu.edu/tj_postcards/2356/thumbnail.jp

The Effect of China\u27s One-Child Policy on Male and Female Immigrant Earnings: Does it Pay to be an Only Child?

China\u27s one-child policy is one of the most controversial population control measures implemented in modem society. While most literature focuses on the effects this policy has had on China\u27s population size and economic growth, very little research has been dedicated to analyzing how this policy has affected wage differentials between Chinese men and women. Research suggests that the one-child policy redirected more educational resources towards Chinese daughters than in the past. Human capital theory hypothesizes that equalization in educational attainment corresponds to an equalizing in relative earnings. This paper uses data from the American Community Survey to test the hypothesis that the one-child policy advanced the relative earnings of Chinese immigrant women in the United States. A difference-indifferences methodology is used to answer two questions: first, to what extent is the one-child policy\u27s effect on educational attainment for Chinese women reflected in the immigrant population? Second, if the one-child policy had a positive effect on the level of educational attainment for Chinese immigrant women, is this reflected in their wage-earning profile, relative to their Chinese male immigrant counterparts? The findings of this research suggest that Chinese immigrant women born after the one-child policy attain higher levels of education than those born before. The impacts of these findings are not presently reflected in the wage-earning profiles of Chinese female immigrants because of their young age. However, this provides an opportunity for future research on the positive effects of education on earnings once women born under the one-child policy have engaged in work for a more substantial amount of time

An Oral History Report: Mrs. Frances Passell

Transcript of oral history report with Mrs. Frances Passell. In partial fulfillment of the requirements for History of American Education, Dr. Allan Miller.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/ors/1237/thumbnail.jp

Hollow Fiber Membranes in Increased Algae Growth for Biobutanol Production

Algae are a unique and remarkable species of plant that is capable of thriving on land deemed useless for the cultivation of food crops. They also breathe in the harmful greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. As the fastest living organism to complete a life cycle, algae is the single most effective user of carbon dioxide in the world thus making it an important ally for diminishing the threat of global warming. Furthermore, algae are comprised of high concentrations of lipids, rendering it an appealing option for use in biodiesel production, specifically butanol. Increasing the algae’s supply of carbon dioxide gas causes increased growth, multiplying the amount of algae, and, therefore, the amount of lipids harvested making algae oil a viable option for the next biodiesel feedstock. Research reveals that algae grow at a quicker pace near carbon dioxide emitting power plants; however, experiments have proven successful that utilized the use carbon dioxide permeable hollow fiber membranes to deliver a high concentration of pure carbon dioxide gas to algae in a laboratory setting. The hollow fiber membranes used previously have been shown to demonstrate a low tolerance to physical strain caused by harvesting the algae. The hollow fiber spinning apparatus I have designed will allow modification of the current membrane design for optimum results in the outdoor biological system, thus increasing the amount of algae further, thus increasing the amount of biofuel produced by a system

A sustainable ultrafiltration of sub-20 nm nanoparticles in water and isopropanol: experiments, theory and machine learning

This research focused on ultrafiltration (UF) for particles down to 2 nm against membranes with larger pore size in water and IPA, which has the potential to save up to 90% of energy. This study developed electrospray (ES) - scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) method to fast and effective measure retention efficiencies for small particles (ZnS, Au and PSL) on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polycarbonate (PCTE) in different liquids. Theoretical models that could quantitatively explain the experimental results for small particles in medium-polarity organic solvents were also developed. Results showed that the highest efficiency was up to ~80% with 10 nm Au nanoparticle challenged on 100 nm rated PTFE, which demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed sustainable UF. The theoretical models were validated by experimental results and indicated that a higher efficiency was possible by enhancing material properties of membranes, particles, or liquids. Therefore, optimization on filtration condition was performed. A hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) and particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) models was firstly applied in this case. The dataset includes all the experimental results and some additional calculated retention efficiencies. Optimization parameters include membrane zeta potential, pore size, particle size, particle zeta potential, and Hamaker constant. The ANN model provided highly correlated predicted values with target values. The PSO model showed that a filtration efficiency of 99.9% could be achieved by using a 52.2 nm filter with a -20.3 mV zeta potential, 5.5 nm nanoparticles with a 41.4 mV zeta potential, and a combined Hamaker constan